Suchergebnisse

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDG's) represent the most ambitious global development agenda in history. Achieving them will require financing far beyond traditional aid, especially at a time where established donors are cutting or diverting aid budgets to meet refugee and security issues. Alternative sources of development financing seem ever more critical, such as the private sector, private foundations and the BRICS. But what are in fact the interests and modes of operation of these actors, and to what extent do they align with the aims of the SDGs? And how do national governments of developing countries themselves perceive and approach these new sources of financing? In this new report, six DIIS researchers examine the policies, mind-sets and interests of some of the many actors that will be playing a fundamental role in the complex and challenging task of financing sustainable development in the years to come.

In the fall of 2015, world leaders adopted the most ambitious global development agenda in history. Meeting the aspiring targets of the Sustainable Development Goals will require financing far beyond traditional aid. At the same time, aid itself is under major pressure as European governments cut aid budgets or divert them to meet refugee and migration issues. In this context of massive global ambition and concurrent uncertainty on the future of aid, other actors and sources of development financing seem ever more critical, such as the private sector, private foundations and the BRICS. But what are in fact the interests and modes of operation of such actors in the context of development financing, and to what extent do they align with the aims of the SDGs? And how do national governments of developing countries themselves perceive and approach these new sources of financing? ; In the fall of 2015, world leaders adopted the most ambitious global development agenda in history. Meeting the aspiring targets of the Sustainable Development Goals will require financing far beyond traditional aid. At the same time, aid itself is under major pressure as European governments cut aid budgets or divert them to meet refugee and migration issues. In this context of massive global ambition and concurrent uncertainty on the future of aid, other actors and sources of development financing seem ever more critical, such as the private sector, private foundations and the BRICS. But what are in fact the interests and modes of operation of such actors in the context of development financing, and to what extent do they align with the aims of the SDGs? And how do national governments of developing countries themselves perceive and approach these new sources of financing?

Ravenhill, John: Preferential trade agreements and the future of Australian trade policy. - S. 121-128. Ravenhill, John: The move to preferential trade on the Western Pacific Rim. Some initial conclusions. - S. 129-150. Dee, Philippa: The economic effects of PTAs. - S. 151-163. Mulgan, Aurelia George: Japan's FTA politics and the problem of agricultural trade liberalisation. - S. 164-178. Yang Jiang: Australia-China FTA. China's domestic politics and the roots of different national approaches to FTAs. - S. 179-195. Faunce, Thomas and Kathy Sats: Bilateral trade agreements as drivers of national and transnational benefit from health technology policy. Implications of recent US deals for Australian negotiations with China and India. - S. 196-213. Wesley, Michael: The strategic effects of preferential trade agreements. - S. 214-228. Capling, Ann: Australia's trade policy dilemmas. - S. 229-244

Chanawong, Krasae: Opening address Boonmi, Thirayuth: Keynote address : social transformation and conflicts in Southeast Asia Hadar, Ivan A.: Social transformation and conflict in Indonesia : a lesson learned from Maluku Ngarm Soth Plai: A process of social polarization and its psychological impacts on reintegration Santoso, Purwo: Democratization and decentralization in Indonesia : a shallow transformation Farouk, Azeem: The new economic policy as a mechanism for social transformation in Malaysia Chaipha, Weerakul: Development and social transformation : conflict on the Area for Waste Treatment at Ban Huay Toei, Tambon Tapra, Amphoe Muang, Changwat Khon Kaen, Thailand Luan Thuy Duong: Development in Vietnam : eco-social impacts and solutions Chhay Sokong: Social change and land security in Cambodia Jawan, Jayum Anak: Globalization: responses from rural East Malaysians Villaueva, Jocelyn M.: Globalization and its impact on indigenous peoples and land tenure in the Philippines Keopanya, Nisith: Information technology flow and human resource development in case of the Lao PDR Jiang Yang ; Liu Lin: The changing status ot the overseas Chinese in Singapore

Abstract
Feature representation is critical for data learning, particularly in learning spectroscopic data. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models learn Raman spectra for rapid, nondestructive, and label-free cell phenotype identification, which facilitate diagnostic, therapeutic, forensic, and microbiological applications. But these are challenged by high-dimensional, unordered, and low-sample spectroscopic data. Here, we introduced novel 2D image-like dual signal and component aggregated representations by restructuring Raman spectra and principal components, which enables spectroscopic DL for enhanced cell phenotype and signature identification. New ConvNet models DSCARNets significantly outperformed the state-of-the-art (SOTA) ML and DL models on six benchmark datasets, mostly with >2% improvement over the SOTA performance of 85–97% accuracies. DSCARNets also performed well on four additional datasets against SOTA models of extremely high performances (>98%) and two datasets without a published supervised phenotype classification model. Explainable DSCARNets identified Raman signatures consistent with experimental indications.