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SUMMARYIn this paper it is argued that there are three types of rural Welsh community, firstly, what has been called 'a countryside of scattered settlements', secondly, the rural village and, thirdly, the market town. In suggesting these three ideal types we have been concerned to demonstrate the usefulness of ideal type theory when employed in a critical fashion and, at the same time, to demonstrate that the problem of distinguishing the various types of rural community which exist is a more fruitful problem for a sociologist to explore than the problem of distinguishing the rural from the urban.RESUMEDans cet article on argumente que le Pays‐de‐Galles comprend trois types de communautés rurales; en premier lieu ce qui a été décrit comme 'une contrée ?agglomérations dispersées', en second lieu le village rural, en troisiéme lieu le bourg. En proposant ces trois types idéals, nous avyons essayé"de montrer ľutilityé" de la théorie des types idéals lorsque elle est appliquée ?une facon critique, et, en même temps, de prouver que le probléme ?une distinction entre les divers types dc communauté rurale est, pour les sociologies, un probléme plus prometteur à explorer que celui ?une distinction entre le type rural et le type urbain.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIn diesem Artikel wird behauptet, daß es drei Typen ländlicher Ge‐meinden in Wales gibt: Erstens was man unter 'Streusiedlungen auf dem Lan? versteht, zweitens die ländlichen Dörfer, drittens die Marktstädte. Bei der Vorstellung dieser drei Idealtypen wollen wir die Anwendbarkeit der Theorie von den idealen Typen demonstrieren, indem sie in einer kritischen "Weise angewandt wird und gleichzeitig darstellen, daß das Problem, verschiedene bestehende ländliche Ge‐meinden 2u unterscheiden, ein für einen Soziologen fruchtbares Problem darstellt, als das Problem ländliche und städtische Gemeinden zu unterscheiden.

Negative sentiment regarding conducted energy weapons is due largely to a lack of understanding about the technology behind such weapons and a misunderstanding of those weapons' physiological effects. Media accounts that speculatively associate sudden in-custody deaths with the use of conducted energy weapons only add to the confusion. TASER ELECTRONIC CONTROL DEVICES AND SUDDEN IN-CUSTODY DEATH documents 310 deaths in the United States proximate to the application of TASER electronic control devices from 1983 through 2006. The study examines the phenomenon of sudden death as it relates to ele

Investigating White-Collar Crime explains two basic questions every investigator must answer when beginning a financial investigation: "What am I trying to prove?" and "How am I going to prove it?" This book examines the criminal elements unique to embezzlement and fraud that often confound investigators, whose lack of expertise in accounting and auditing makes it difficult for them to prove the offenses. Chapters are included on criminological theory and the law related to white-collar crime, embezzlement, fraud, identity theft, accounting and auditing theory for investigators, financial inte

The year 2004 marked the bicentenary of Immanuel Kant's death. This article evaluates the main arguments of Kant's essay on perpetual peace in the light of developments in world politics since his time. How well have his ideas stood the test of time? Kant's essay is placed in the context of his philosophy as a whole and through a close textual analysis the value of his propositions is assessed. The article looks at the Provisional and Definitive Articles in their mutual relation and places a good deal more emphasis than is usual upon the two supplements and appendix. Finally the article takes the complex circumstances of Kant's home city, Kaliningrad, as a brief test case for his own theories.

Much of the debate regarding mortuary archaeology's public interactions has centred on the ethics and politics of displaying articulated skeletal material and fleshed bodies. In contrast, multiple, fragmented, dislocated and cenotaphic mortuary traces which populate museums across the UK have escaped sustained attention. Local and town museums, and also the distinctive narratives required in Welsh museums, have also eluded consideration. This chapter explores how smaller museums create environments in which networks are created both with other memorial places and landscapes in the vicinity, and between discrete museum displays. This chapter focuses on one case study—Llangollen Museum—to present and inter- rogate how a diversity of mortuary material culture combine to create a mortuary network associated with local history, heritage and landscape in this distinctive North Welsh context.

In popular imagery, Vikings are often depicted as the ultimate lawless barbarians. Yet, as with all early medieval "barbarians" inspired by the writings of Tacitus, they have long been romanticized in Western popular culture for their supposed inherent equality and fairness, within which the roots of Nordic democracy are perceived.1 At the fulcrum of these stereotypes of nobility and savagery are Norse legal practices and assembly places. This chapter reviews the assembly places and practices depicted in the television show 'Vikings'.

How are early medieval graves interpreted by community archaeology projects? This chapter considers how the well-known and innovative Operational Nightingale project has distinctively deployed the excavation and analysis of early Anglo-Saxon (later 5th and 6th-century AD) furnished graves, including those containing weaponry, in its practice and public engagement. In light of recent discussions regarding the ideological, social, educational and emotional significances of the archaeological dead, we consider Operation Nightingale's well-received practical and interpretative dialogues with the dead during the investigation of an early medieval cemetery at Barrow Clump, Figheldean, on Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire. Our focus is upon the project's assertions of parity and affinity between early Anglo-Saxon weapon burials and the experiences of modern military personnel: dialogues with early medieval 'warriors'.