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Cover; Half-Title; Title; Copyright; Contents; Contributors; Acknowledgments; Introduction; ORIGINS OF APPLIED GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELING; CONTRIBUTIONS IN THIS VOLUME; KEY ISSUES IN APPLIED GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELING; ON TO NUMERICAL SIMULATION; REFERENCES; 1 Personal Reflections on Applied General Equilibrium Models; 2 Uniqueness of Equilibrium in the Multicountry Ricardo Model; 3 Solving Dynamic Stochastic Competitive General Equilibrium Models; 4 Mathematical Programs with Equilibrium Constraints: Automatic Reformulation and Solution via Constrained Optimization.

This volume brings together twelve papers by many of the most prominent applied general equilibrium modelers honoring Herbert Scarf. The contributors discuss some traditional as well as some newer topics in the field, including non-convexities in economy-wide models, tax policy, developmental modeling and energy modeling

This 2005 volume brings together twelve papers by many of the most prominent applied general equilibrium modelers honoring Herbert Scarf, the father of equilibrium computation in economics. It deals with developments in applied general equilibrium, a field which has broadened greatly since the 1980s. The contributors discuss some traditional as well as some modern topics in the field, including non-convexities in economy-wide models, tax policy, developmental modeling and energy modeling. The book also covers a range of distinct approaches, conceptual issues and computational algorithms, such as calibration and areas of application such as macroeconomics of real business cycles and finance. An introductory chapter written by the editors maps out issues and scenarios for the future evolution of applied general equilibrium

Cover; Contents; Contributors; 1 Introduction; Historical Precedents; The Macroeconomy; Institutional Reforms: Agriculture and Education; The Rural and Agricultural Sectors; Education; Employment, Industrial Structure and Poverty; Infrastructural Reforms; What Is Infrastructure?; Infrastructure Policy and Performance in India; Next Steps; The Macroeconomy; Agriculture and Rural Development; Education; Employment, Industrial Structure and Poverty; Infrastructural Reforms; References; The Macro Economy; 2 Federalism and Economic Development in India: An Assessment; Abstract; Introduction. - Background: India's Economic Performance and Federal SystemQuality of Governance and Government Expenditure; Efficiency of the Tax System; Fiscal Situation of National and Subnational Governments; Impacts of Federal System on Growth and Equity; Comparison with China; Future Reform and Prospects; Conclusions; References; 3 India and China: Trade and Foreign Investment; Introduction; Growth; Growth in Total Trade; The Patterns of Trade; Merchandise Exports; Merchandise Imports; Services Exports; Foreign Investment; Connection to Trade and DFI Policies. - Merchandise Trade Liberalization During the 1980sMerchandise Trade Liberalization in the 1990s and Beyond; Liberalization of Trade in Services and Foreign Investment; Why India Lags Behind China; Looking Ahead: The Doha Round and an India - China FTA; References; 4 Financial Sector Reforms and Monetary Policy: The Indian Experience; Introduction; Financial Sector and Monetary Policy: Objectives and Reforms; Banking Sector; Reforms in the Monetary Policy Framework; Financial Markets; Financial Sector and Monetary Policy Reforms: An Assessment; Banking Sector; Spread of Banking

<p class="p1">At present the armoured fighting vehicles are equipped with either global positioning system (GPS) receivers or integrated inertial navigation system (INS)/GPS navigation systems. During hostile situations, the denial/degradation of the GPS satellite signals may happen. This results in the requirement of an indigenous satellite based navigation system. Indian Space Research Organisation has developed an indigenous Indian regional navigation satellite system (IRNSS), with a seven satellite constellation to provide independent position, navigation and timing services over India and its neighbouring regions. In this paper, the development of IRNSS receiver using MATLAB as per IRNSS signal in space interface control document for standard positioning service is discussed. A method for faster IRNSS signal acquisition in frequency domain and delay locked loop code tracking for the acquired satellite signals are used. Models for navigation message decoding and pseudo range/user position calculations are developed using the algorithms provided in IRNSS ICD.</p>

The classic paper by Brecher and Diaz-Alejandro (1977) analyzed the implications of 'tariff-jumping' direct foreign investment (DFI) induced by the imposition of an import tariff. We analyze a new type of DFI where it occurs with a view to defusing, not circumventing, protection or rather the threat of protection by the host country. An example is the DFI by Japan in the United States. The decision about the level of foreign investment is taken in the first of a two-period horizon period. This, together with the level of exports in the first period, determines the probability of a quota on exports being imposed in the second period. Policy makers aware of the effects of the first-period decisions on the second period will impose an optimal tariff and an optimal tax (subsidy) on capital exports.

A ten-sector, sequential applied general equilibrium model is formulated, estimated, & simulated for analyzing agricultural policy choices for India until the year 2000. Ten groups of consumers (5 Ru), each with its own preferences & claims on output, are recognized in the model, the groups distinguished by the range of their per capita household (real) consumption expenditure. The simulations compare: four policies with respect to the compulsory purchase & subsidized distribution to consumers of a limited amount of foodgrains; & four foreign trade & aid scenarios. Procuring & freely distributing 100 kilograms of grain per capita per year & financing the cost through additional taxation improves income distribution with no reduction in growth. On the other hand, the same distributional policy financed by reducing investment has a negative impact on growth. 6 Tables, 2 Figures, 2 Appendixes, 15 References. HA

Image encryption has attained a great attention due to the necessity to safeguard confidential images. Digital documents, site images, battlefield photographs, etc. need a secure approach for sharing in an open channel. Hardware – software co-design is a better option for exploiting unique features to cipher the confidential images. Cellular automata (CA) and synthetic image influenced transform domain approach for image encryption is proposed in this paper. The digital image is initially divided into four subsections by applying integer wavelet transform. Confusion is accomplished on low – low section of the transformed image using CA rules 90 and 150. The first level of diffusion with consecutive XORing operation of image pixels is initiated by CA rule 42. A synthetic random key image is developed by extracting true random bits generated by Cyclone V field programmable gate array 5CSEMA5F31C6. This random image plays an important role in second level of diffusion. The proposed confusion and two level diffusion assisted image encryption approach has been validated through the entropy, correlation, histogram, number of pixels change rate, unified average change intensity, contrast and encryption quality analyses.