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Whether repressive violence deters a shift in popular support away from the regime and toward the opposition; based on conference paper. Includes a case study of El Salvador.

Reexamination of findings of A. H. Miller, L. Bolce, & M. R. Haligan ("The New Urban Black Revisited" Ethnicity, 1976, 3, 338-367) shows that willingness to participate in civil violence is fairly evenly distributed across income, educational, & occupational strata, thereby disconfirming the social marginality hypothesis. However, militancy involves nonviolent protest as well as civil violence. To explore the complexities of this concept, discriminant function analysis is used to demonstrate that, while violence propensity is related to age but not to SES, willingness to participate in nonviolent protests is associated with higher SES. A tentative explanation of this pattern of relationships is offered, with the more politically motivated militancy of higher status groups being linked to their desire to eliminate various forms of racial discrimination. 4 Tables, 1 Figure. Modified HA

"Civil wars remain the most frequent and deadly form of organized armed conflict in the world. What Do We Know about Civil Wars? enlists leading scholars to guide students through cutting-edge research on civil war onset, duration, and outcomes, as well as the recurrence and consequences of civil wars to better understand global security."--

Gives an overview of the costs, benefits, consequences, and prospects for rebuilding nations emerging from violent conflict. Each of the chapters here analyzes the prospects for building a sustainable peace from a number of different perspectives, examining: the role of economic development, democratization, respect for human rights, and more.

Emerging trade blocs in North America and the European Community are transforming the global economy and Japan's place in it. Will trade blocs be trade diverting or create new opportunities for Japanese trade and investment? Will a new Asian-Pacific trade bloc emerge in response to this new challenge? How will the collapse of the Soviet empire and the emergence of China as an economic power affect Japan's approach to trade blocs in its two most lucrative markets?

What conditions determine whether a civil war ends in a negotiated settlement or a military victory? The authors address this question by developing an expected utility model of the choice between seeking an immediate settlement or continuing to fight in anticipation of eventual victory. The model implies that the likelihood of a settlement varies with estimates of the probability of winning, the time required to win, the rate at which the costs of conflict accrue, and the payoffs for victory versus settlement. Logistic regression results suggest that a settlement becomes less likely the larger the government's army and more likely the longer the civil war lasts. Payoff and cost variables had no effect on the likelihood of a settlement.