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This paper examines the organizational structure and operation of a methadone maintenance program whose major emphasis is on rehabilitation. Explicit program goals include teaching clients real life problem solving and enabling some program members to give up methadone. The program is hierarchically structured and rule making and rule enforcement are managed through a clearly defined "chain of command". Small counseling groups are the major rehabilitative structure. They help to motivate client collaboration and teach problem solving in order to enhance skills, model behaviors, provide success experiences and allow individuals to master difficulties in order to limit social anxiety. These small groups engage and maintain addicts in treatment. However, they may paradoxically impede full return to the community because the client's dependency needs are met in the group setting. Problems for the program's organization include 1) monitoring psychiatric disorder in the client population since deviant behaviors and affective experiences in the small group are routinely identified as reflecting socially determined individual problems, and 2) development of more adequate structures to help to prepare clients for withdrawal from methadone, graduation from the program and the loss of small group and organizational supports.

Twenty-three states and the District of Columbia have passed laws implementing medical marijuana programs. The nineteen programs that were in operation as of October 2014 collectively had over one million participants. All states (including D.C.) with medical marijuana laws require physicians directly or indirectly to authorize the use of marijuana at their discretion, yet little is known about how medical marijuana programs vary regarding adherence to basic principles of medical practice and associated rates of enrollment. To explore this, we analyzed marijuana programs according to seven components of traditional medical care and pharmaceutical regulation. We then examined enrollment rates, while controlling for potentially confounding state characteristics. We found that fourteen of the twenty-four programs were nonmedical and collectively enrolled 99.4 percent of participants nationwide, with enrollment rates twenty times greater than programs deemed to be "medicalized." Policy makers implementing or amending medical marijuana programs should consider the powerful relationship between less regulation and greater enrollment. Researchers should consider variations across programs when assessing programs' population-level effects.

As the elderly comprise an increasing proportion of the urban populations of Western societies, issues affecting their welfare attract greater concern. Theories of gerontology which focus upon the process of ageing highlight the importance of morale and the ways in which it may be related to key events in the life cycle such as retirement, onset of ill-health, or loss of spouse. These 'personal' factors are clearly of fundamental importance, but there are also 'situational' factors which exert an influence upon the morale of old people. Residential environments and neighbourhoods fall into this latter group of factors. In this paper a simple recursive model is developed which seeks to examine the extent of influence of situational factors upon morale. The model allows direct and indirect influences to be measured and it tests for the interplay of personal and situational factors. Results show that personal competency has a strong influence upon morale, not just directly but also through its impact on other related factors such as spatial mobility. Empirical data used as input to the model also allow an examination of variations in environmental influences upon morale among different social-class groups.

"Under the direction of a new lead editor, the sixth edition of The American Psychiatric Association (APA) Publishing Textbook of Substance Abuse Treatment has been completely revised and restructured and represents the cutting edge of research, practice, and policy in substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. A one-stop reference for evidence-based information on neurobiology, assessment, treatment, and research trends in SUDs, the book is an indispensable resource for trainees and veteran clinicians alike. Noteworthy additions are the new and substantive sections on public health issues and comorbidities, the expanded coverage of cannabis (encompassing neurobiology, the latest treatment approaches and harm-reduction strategies, and cannabis policy and public health perspectives), and the new chapters on digitally delivered therapies and behavioral addictive disorders (e.g., gambling disorder, compulsive internet use). As a complement to the contributions of distinguished luminaries in the field, dozens of new contributors have been added to the roster, for fresh and diverse viewpoints on topics old and new. The end result is a volume that is dynamic, comprehensive, and sure to become a classic. The most authoritative reference for clinicians and researchers in the field of addiction and an excellent manual for residents in psychiatry, general medicine, and allied fields, The APA Publishing Textbook of Substance Abuse Treatment will engage, enlighten, and inform"--

Accommodating a Legend: Howard Giles and the Social Psychology of Language and Communication / Jake Harwood, Jon F. NussBaum, Herbert Pierson, Cindy Gallois, & Jessica Gasiorek -- Language and Culture: Section Introduction / Herbert Pierson -- Language and Culture / Kimberly A. Noels, Richard Clément, Katherine Collins, Peter MacIntyre -- Culture is Essentially Meaning / Danjie Su -- Social Media, Culture and Identity Construction: From Mass Communication to Communication of the Masses / Martin Ehala -- Communicating New Racial Dynamics / Li Wei -- Howard Giles's Identity in Everyday Life / Florian Coulmas -- Howard Giles and Accommodation to My Scouse Accent / Janet Holmes -- Howard Giles -- Master Elucidator of Language in Social Relationships / John Edwards -- A Debt to Howard Giles' Work on Language, Culture, and Communication / Min-Sun Kim -- Epiphany Redux: Howard Giles' Legacy to Language and Culture / Mary Jiang Bresnahan -- Howard Giles -- Communication's Communicator / Robert Gardner -- Power, Culture, and Ethnolinguistic Relations in a South African Context / Joha Louw-Potgieter -- What Would Mikhail Bakhtin Say about Mutual Understanding and Self-Construals? Culture is Essentially Meaning / Eungjun Min -- Intergroup Communication: Section Introduction / Jake Harwood -- Communicating Between Groups, Communicating About Groups / Tamara Rakic & Anne Maass -- The Intersectionality of Intergroup Communication / Jessica R. Abrams -- An Imaginary Conversation Between the Ghost of Henri Tajfel (HT) and Howard Giles (HG) / Rupert Brown -- Language Evaluation: In Defense of the Status Quo / Aaron Castelán Cargile -- Howie Giles, an Appreciation: Teacher, Scholar, Mentor, Friend / Miles Hewstone -- Categorization, Language, and Intergroup Communication / Hiroshi Ota -- The Father of Intergroup Communication: Ingroup/Outgroup Situations in an Online Parenting Community / Susan Fox -- Communicating Between the Lines, Communicating About the Lines: How a Request to Honor Howie Giles Backfired and Made Me a Published Poet / Nicholas A. Palomares -- Howie's First Graduate Student: A Few Research Tales / Richard Y. Bourhis -- Intergenerational Relations: Section Introduction / Jon F. NussBaum -- Intergenerational Communication / Mary Lee Hummert -- Communication Predicaments in Aging and Communication Enhancement Strategies / Ellen Bouchard Ryan -- Intergenerational Harmonies and Tensions / Yan Bing Zhang -- It is in Howie Giles' Work that I Found my Intellectual Home / Mei-Chen Lin -- Ecologies of Aging / Craig Fowler -- Howie Giles, Dragons, and the Intergenerational Making of Legends / Margaret Jane Pitts -- As I Push Off the Dock, Howie Sails into the Sunset / Amber K. Worthington -- "Do You Want to be Categorized as One of the Over Fifty-Fives?": Intergenerational Relations in a Public Context /Virpi Ylänne -- Howie Pays It Forward / Jon F. NussBaum -- Interpersonal Accommodation: Section Introduction / Jessica Gasiorek -- Interpersonal Accommodation / Yan Bing Zhang & Margaret Jane Pitts -- Interpersonal Accommodation and Multiple Goal Frameworks / Steven R. Wilson -- Accommodating to Develop and Maintain Relationships / René M. Dailey -- Sexual (Non)Accommodation Between Midlife and Younger Gay Men and its Implications for Social Identity / Christopher Hajek -- ...What About Communication Accommodation Between Genders? / Ma Àngels Viladot -- Further Consideration of Communication Accommodation Theory / Mei-Chen Lin -- Future Directions for Communication Accommodation Theory: Considering the Biological Correlates of Accommodative Behavior in Interpersonal Contexts / Amanda Denes & Anuraj Dhillon -- Beyond Dyads: Accommodative Dilemmas in Small Group Interactions / Marko Dragojevic -- Iechyd da / Robert M. McCann -- Institutional Accommodation: Section Introduction / Cindy Gallois -- Communication Accommodation Theory in Institutional Settings: Opportunities for Applied Research / Bernadette M. Watson & Jordan Soliz -- The Development and Implementation of Cross-Cultural Assessments of Perceptions of Police Accommodation / Christopher Hajek -- Some Thoughts on CAT in Institutional Settings: Race and Criminal Justice / George B. Ray -- For a Sequential Accommodation / Augusto Gnisci -- Institutional Talk: Extending our Understanding of Intergroup Communication in Institutional Settings / Liz Jones -- Communication Accommodation Theory: Considering a Dialectical Perspective on Police-Civilian Interactions / Charles W. Choi -- Advancing Theory in Language, Communication, and Intergroup Relations / Jessica Gasiorek, Cindy Gallois, Herbert Pierson, Jon F. NussBaum, & Jake Harwood -- Epilogue: Resurrecting While California Dreaming: Re-Releasing Frameworks and Creating a New One / Howard Giles.

El nido de ametralladoras de Alhama de Murcia es uno de los mejores ejemplos de arquitectura militar del siglo XX en la Región de Murcia. Su diseño y construcción se remonta a la Guerra Civil española (1936-1939). La estructura posiblemente se construyó en 1937 y formó parte del Plan de Defensa Terrestre de la base naval de Cartagena, una instalación militar estratégica para la supervivencia de la Segunda República. El nido de ametralladoras se localiza a día de hoy en un campo de cultivo junto a la carretera RM2, lo que ha causado una gran alteración del paisaje en comparación con 1937. En la actualidad, el nido de ametralladoras es de propiedad privada. Sin embargo, los propietarios de la tierra han colaborado con las administraciones públicas, facilitando el acceso al búnker en todo momento. Desde el punto de vista legal, está inventariado por el Ayuntamiento de Alhama de Murcia, lo que garantiza su protección. El nivel de conservación del nido de ametralladoras es excelente habiendo perdido solamente parte de la cubierta exterior de piedra y tierra. Durante el mes de febrero de 2018, la organización sin ánimo de lucro Global Digital Heritage y el municipio de Alhama de Murcia llevaron a cabo un proyecto de limpieza y documentación del nido de ametralladoras utilizando para ello las más modernas tecnologías. Este artículo explora, a partir del caso de Alhama, las posibilidades que las nuevas tecnologías nos brindan para la documentación y puesta en valor del patrimonio cultural de la Guerra Civil española. ABSTRACT: The Machine Gun Bunker of Alhama de Murcia is one of the best examples of 20th century military architecture in the Region of Murcia. Its design and construction is from the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). The structure was probably built in 1937, and formed part of the Ground Defense Plan of the naval base of Cartagena, a strategic military installation for the survival of the Republic. The Machine Gun bunker is currently located in the middle of a crop field, next to the RM2 highway, which has caused extensive alteration to the landscape when compared to 1937. At present, the machine gun bunker is privately owned. However, the land owners have always been amenable to a collaboration with public administrations, facilitating access to it at all times. From the legal point of view, it is inventoried by the City Council of Alhama de Murcia, which ensures its protection. The conservation level of the bunker is excellent. It has only lost part of the outer covering of stone and earth. During the month of February 2018, the non-profit organization Global Digital Heritage and the municipality of Alhama de Murcia carried out cleaning and documentation project of the Machine Gun bunker using the most modern digital technologies. This paper explores, from the case of Alhama, the possibilities that new technologies provide us for the documentation and enhancement of the Spanish Civil War cultural heritage.

This article examines young people's perceptions of their conversations with older people (age 65-85) across nine cultures−five Eastern and four Western. Responses from more than 1,000 participants were entered into a crossnational factor analysis, which revealed four initial factors that underlie perceptions of intergenerational conversations. Elder nonaccommodation was when young participants reported that older people negatively stereotyped the young and did not attend to their communication needs. On the other hand, elder accommodation was when older people were perceived as supportive, attentive and generally encouraging to young people. A third factor was respect/obligation and a fourth factor labeled age-irrelevant positivity described a situation where young people felt conversations with much older people were emotionally positive and satisfying, age did not matter. Examining cross-cultural differences, some East versus West differences were observed, as might be expected, on the basis of simplistic accounts of Eastern collectivism versus Western individualism. However, the results challenge commonsense notions of the status of old age in Eastern versus Western cultures. On some dimensions, participants from Korea, Japan, People's Republic of China, Hong Kong, and the Philippines appear to have relatively less positive perceptions of their conversations with older people than the Western cultures−the United States, Australia, New Zealand and Canada. But there was also evidence of considerable cultural variability, particularly among Eastern cultures−variability that has heretofore all too often been glossed over when global comparisons of East versus West are made. A range of explanations for these cultural differences is explored and implications for older people in these societies are also considered.