Suchergebnisse

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a severe and progressive neuronal loss leading to cognitive dysfunctions. Previous reports, based on the use of chemical inhibitors, have connected the stress kinase p38α to neuroinflammation, neuronal death and synaptic dysfunction. To explore the specific role of neuronal p38α signalling in the appearance of pathological symptoms, we have generated mice that combine expression of the 5XFAD transgenes to induce AD symptoms with the downregulation of p38α only in neurons (5XFAD/p38α-N). We found that the neuronal-specific deletion of p38α improves the memory loss and long-term potentiation impairment induced by 5XFAD transgenes. Furthermore, 5XFAD/p38α-N mice display reduced amyloid-β accumulation, improved neurogenesis, and important changes in brain cytokine expression compared with 5XFAD mice. Our results implicate neuronal p38α signalling in the synaptic plasticity dysfunction and memory impairment observed in 5XFAD mice, by regulating both amyloid-β deposition in the brain and the relay of this accumulation to mount an inflammatory response, which leads to the cognitive deficits. ; Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO). S.C. was partly supported by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/Marie Curie Actions/COFUND). IRB Barcelona is the recipient of a Severo Ochoa Award of Excellence from MINECO (Government of Spain) ; Peer Reviewed

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to assess the impact of the Spanish tobacco control legislation on smoking behavior and salivary cotinine concentration among smokers. METHODS: We used data from a longitudinal study, before (2004-2005) and after (2013-2014) the implementation of the two national smoking bans (in 2006 and 2011), in a representative sample of adults (≥16 years old) from Barcelona (Spain). We only analyzed a subsample of continuing smokers (n = 116). We conducted a survey on smoking behavior and obtained saliva sample for cotinine analyses. For this report, we analyzed a subsample of continuing smokers (n = 116). We calculated geometric means (GM). RESULTS: Among continuing smokers, salivary cotinine concentration significantly increased by 28.7% (GM from 91.7 ng/ml to 117.3 ng/ml, p = 0.015) after the implementation of the two Spanish smoke-free bans. Nonetheless, no pattern of change was observed in the self-reported number of cigarettes smoked daily. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows a significant increase in the salivary cotinine concentration among adult continuing smokers after both Spanish legislations. This increase could be due to differences in smoking topography (increase in the depth of inhalation when smoking) along with changes in the type of tobacco smoked (increase in smoking roll-your-own cigarettes or mixed use of roll-your-own and manufactured cigarettes). Our results suggest the need to extend tobacco control policies, focusing on the reduction of use of any type of tobacco product and implementing better treatment to help smokers stop smoking.

BACKGROUND: In Spain, two smoke-free laws have been passed (Law 28/2005 and Law 42/2010).This study evaluates the association between Spanish smoking legislations and the second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure in an adult non-smoking population cohort in Barcelona (Spain). METHODS: This is a longitudinal study, before and after the implementation of two national smoking bans, in a representative sample of adults (≥16years old) from Barcelona (Spain) surveyed in 2004-2005 and followed up in 2013-2014 (n=736). We only analyzed non-smokers (n=397). We obtained 9ml of saliva sample for analysis of cotinine, a biomarker of recent tobacco exposure. We calculated geometric means of salivary cotinine concentration and their geometric standard deviation. We used linear mixed effect models, with individuals as random effects, to model the percentage change in salivary cotinine concentration and their 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: The percentage of participants with saliva samples with measurable concentrations of cotinine fell from 92.4% to 64.2% after both Spanish smoking legislations. The geometric mean of salivary cotinine concentration significantly decreased 88% (from 0.98ng/mL to 0.12ng/mL, p<0.001) after the implementation of the two Spanish smoke-free legislations. The decrease of the GM salivary cotinine concentration was statistically significant independently of the sociodemographic variables. CONCLUSION: There was a large reduction in the salivary cotinine concentration among adult non-smokers and higher cotinine concentrations among those declaring exposure to SHS at home after both legislations. Moreover, after both Spanish smoke-free laws salivary cotinine concentration was homogenized according to sociodemographic variables ; This project was co-funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Evaluación, Government of Spain (RTICC RD12/0036/0053, PI12/01114 and PI12/01119), and the Ministry of Universities and Research, Government of Catalonia (grant 2014SGR999 and 2014SGR00680) from the Government of Catalonia, and co-funded by ISCIII-Subdirección General de Evaluación and by FEDER funds/European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) −a way to build Europe-. This work was also partially funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (The TackSHS Project; grant agreement: 681040).

Los profesionales, egresados, académicos y empleadores de la Educación Social en relación con las competencias genéricas valoran sobre todo la "resolución de problemas", "las habilidades de relación interpersonal" y "la habilidad de trabajo en equipo"; competencias que dicen ser escasamente desarrolladas hasta ahora en la Universidad. En cuanto a las competencias específicas, se valoran sobre todo las de "Intervención en ámbitos específicos" y "el conocimiento de los elementos político-administrativos, legislativos y metodológicos", frente a los "básicos" de orden psicológico, por ejemplo, y menos los generales y teóricos. Finalmente hacemos una propuesta en clave de plan de estudios. --- The professionals, graduates, academics and employers of the Social Education in connection with the generis competentes value above all the "resolution of problems", "the abilities of interpersonal relationship" and the "team work capacity"; competences said to be barely developed up to now at the University. In relation with the specific competences, we value mainly those of "Intervention in specific environments" and the "knowledge of the political-administrative, legislatives and methodological aspects", in comparison with the "basic" elements within the psychological perspective, for example, and less those more general and theoretical. Finally we make a proposal related to the academic structure, the study plan.

Monográfico con el título: Educación Social en la escuela. Resumen tomado de la publicación ; Se realiza un análisis de los profesionales de la educación social, los cuales, en relación con las competencias genéricas, valoran sobre todo la resolución de problemas, las habilidades de relación interpersonal y la capacidad de trabajo en equipo; competencias que dicen ser escasamente desarrolladas hasta ahora en la Universidad. En cuanto a las competencias específicas, se valoran sobre todo las de Intervención en ámbitos específicos y el conocimiento de los elementos político-administrativos, legislativos y metodológicos, frente a los básicos de orden psicológico, por ejemplo, y menos los generales y teóricos. Finalmente se realiza una propuesta en clave de plan de estudios. ; Madrid ; Biblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín, 5 - 3 Planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; biblioteca@mecd.es ; ESP

Resumen tomado de la publicación ; Se realiza un análisis de los profesionales de la educación social, los cuales, en relación con las competencias genéricas, valoran sobre todo la resolución de problemas, las habilidades de relación interpersonal y la capacidad de trabajo en equipo; competencias que dicen ser escasamente desarrolladas hasta ahora en la Universidad. En cuanto a las competencias específicas, se valoran sobre todo las de Intervención en ámbitos específicos y el conocimiento de los elementos político-administrativos, legislativos y metodológicos, frente a los básicos de orden psicológico, por ejemplo, y menos los generales y teóricos. Finalmente se realiza una propuesta en clave de plan de estudios. ; Madrid ; Biblioteca del Ministerio de Educación y Formación Profesional; Calle San Agustín, 5; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; biblioteca@educacion.gob.es ; ESP

Los profesionales, egresados, académicos y empleadores de la Educación Social en relación con las competencias genéricas valoran sobre todo la resolución de problemas , las habilidades de relación interpersonal y la capacidad de trabajo en equipo ; competencias que dicen ser escasamente desarrolladas hasta ahora en la Universidad. En cuanto a las competencias específicas, se valoran sobre todo las de Intervención en ámbitos específicos y el conocimiento de los elementos políticoadministrativos, legislativos y metodológicos , frente a los básicos de orden psicológico, por ejemplo, y menos los generales y teóricos. Finalmente hacemos una propuesta en clave de plan de estudios. ; The professionals, graduates, academics and employers of the Social Education in connection with the generic competences value above all the resolution of problems , the abilities of interpersonal relationship and the team work capacity ; competences said to be barely developed up to now at the University. In relation with the specific competences, we value mainly those of Intervention in specific environments and the knowledge of the political-administrative, legislatives and methodological aspects", in comparison with the basic elements within the psychological perspective, for example, and less those more general and theoretical. Finally we make a proposal related to the academic structure, the study plan.

The objective of this study was to assess the validity of two questions about the perception of intensity of exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) at home using as a reference environmental markers (airborne nicotine and benzene) and biomarkers of exposure (cotinine in saliva and urine). This was a cross-sectional study in a convenience sample of 49 non-smoking volunteers. We found a high correlation between self-reported SHS exposure and airborne nicotine (rsp=0.806, p0.05). In conclusion, the significant correlation of the two questions proposed with environmental markers and personal markers indicates their potential validity to assess exposure to SHS at home. ; This work was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Evaluación, Government of Spain (PI081436, PI081339 and RTICC RD12/0036/0053), the Ministry of Universities and Research, Government of Catalonia (grant 2009SGR192 and 2014SGR689), the Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health (GFH 20051) from the Government of Catalonia, ISCIII-Subdirección General de Evaluación and by FEDER funds/European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)−a way to build Europe−. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 681040.