Suchergebnisse

Soda taxes aim to reduce excessive sugar consumption. We assess who is most impacted by soda taxes. We estimate demand using micro longitudinal data covering on-the-go purchases, and exploit the panel dimension to estimate individual-specific preferences. We relate these preferences and counterfactual predictions to individual characteristics and show that soda taxes are relatively effective at targeting the sugar intake of the young, are less successful at targeting the intake of those with high total dietary sugar, and are unlikely to be strongly regressive especially if consumers benefit from averted internalities. (JEL D12, H22, H25, H71)

National audience ; Soda taxes aim to reduce excessive sugar consumption. Policymakers highlight the young, particularly from poor backgrounds, and high sugar consumers as groups whose behavior they would most like to influence. There are also concerns about the policy being regressive. We assess who are most impacted by soda taxes. We estimate demand using micro longitudinal data covering on-the-go purchases, and exploit the panel dimension to estimate individual specific preferences. We relate these preferences and counterfactual predictions to individual characteristics and show that soda taxes are relatively effective at targeting the sugar intake of the young, are less successful at targeting the intake of those with high total dietary sugar, and are unlikely to be strongly regressive especially if consumers benefit from averted internalities.

Food purchases differ substantially across countries. We use detailed household-level data from the United States, France, and the United Kingdom to (i) document these differences; (ii) estimate a demand system for food and nutrients; and (iii) simulate counterfactual choices if households faced prices and nutritional characteristics from other countries. We find that differences in prices and characteristics are important and can explain some difference (e.g., United States–France difference in caloric intake) but generally cannot explain many of the compositional patterns by themselves. Instead, it seems an interaction between the economic environment and differences in preferences is needed to explain cross-country differences. (JEL D12, I12, L11, L66, Q11)

Development of telecommunications : a comparative study France-Bulgaria
This article offers some conclusions relating to the telephonic branch of a comparative study of France and Bulgaria, which had to do with methods of decision-making in industrial enterprises, and which compared three branches - clothing, mechanical construction, and telephony. The study of the telephonic branch was carried out during 1985-1986. Three aspects were particularly singled out for comparison : the development of electronic switchboards, i.e. the emergence of a very sizeable technological leap ; the market in telecommunications, and finally employment, both in its nature and its modes of administration. We have been able to bring out the fact that the dissimilarities between the two countries are not to be found where one would a priori have expected them (the role of the authorities) but have to do rather with the state of the industrial fabric, with the place in it of the market, the labour market especially.