Suchergebnisse

Son numerosos los factores que inciden sobre el nivel de nacionalización de los partidos y de la integración en sentido vertical de las organizaciones partidarias. Entre ellos, poca atención se ha prestado hasta ahora al marco normativo que regula la conformación de las alianzas electorales. En este artículo se ofrece un análisis comparativo de los diferentes modos en los que los países latinoamericanos regulan la constitución de alianzas electorales, observando cómo los diferentes marcos normativos impactan sobre el balance de poder entre el nivel nacional y sub-nacional de los partidos, y por lo tanto en los niveles de nacionalización y de integración vertical. Para ello se desarrolla el concepto de congruencia de las alianzas, aspecto que se observa a partir de tres dimensiones. Ello permite clasificar a los países latinoamericanos en cuatro grupos principales, según su normativa sobre alianzas electorales incentive en mayor o menor medida la nacionalización e integración vertical de los partidos. ; Fil: Scherlis Perel, Gerardo Ezequiel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina ; Fil: Clerici, Paula Andrea. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

AbstractIn federal presidential democracies, discretionary transfers are often mentioned as a tool used by the national executive to build and strengthen subnational support, typically governors. Funds to local mayors, however, have been much less studied. With original data, in this study we analyze the distribution of a particular discretionary transfer (ATN) to the Argentine municipalities during two periods: 1997–2000 and 2016–2019. We show that the main driver for transfers is the mayor's political alignment. Indeed, the president is more likely to reward loyal mayors, but especially when both the latter and the President oppose the provincial governor. By this token, we highlight a nested political game, in which the President considers the loyalty of both mayors and governors combined to decide when to reward (or when not to reward) municipalities. Furthermore, we find that the Executive provides aid to smaller municipalities to circumvent the possibility of funding mayors from larger cities who may pose a threat as political rivals in the future. Since this pattern is more evident in localities with aligned mayors, we can infer that the President's strategy is aimed at preventing future challengers from within their own coalition.

Cities generate about 85% of the EU's GDP. As such, they are key players in shaping and providing technological and social innovations but also environmental impact. Thus, they must urgently engage in unprecedented systemic transformational and bold transitions towards sustainability and climate neutrality. The contribution—taking into account that the concepts of community resilience and urban transition have changed as a consequence of COVID-19—critically discusses innovative frameworks and funding opportunities that Horizon Europe will put in place to boost sustainable urban areas in Europe, driving a transition to 100 Positive Energy Districts and 100 climate-neutral cities by 2030. ; Author Contributions: Conceptualization, P.C.M., M.B.A. and P.C.; methodology, P.C.M., M.B.A. and P.C.; formal analysis, P.C.M., M.B.A. and P.C.; investigation, P.C.M., M.B.A. and P.C.; writing— original draft preparation, P.C.M., M.B.A. and P.C.; writing—review and editing, P.C.M., M.B.A. and P.C.; visualization, P.C.; supervision, P.C.M. and M.B.A. Funding: Paolo Civiero who is one of the co-author of present paper, this project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska- Curie grant agreement No. 712949 (TECNIOspring PLUS) and from the Agency for Business Com- petitiveness of the Government of Catalonia (ACCIÓ). TECNIOspring PLUS investigator: Paolo Civiero, Project: PEDRERA. Positive Energy Districts renovation model. IREC—Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (Barcelona—ES).

AbstractBackgroundSubjects with intellectual disability (ID) are vulnerable to experience psychiatric disorders. The present authors performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to estimate the prevalence of co‐occurring psychiatric disorders, excluding co‐occurring autism spectrum disorders, in subjects with intellectual disability.MethodThe present authors performed a random‐effects meta‐analysis of the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in adults and adolescents with intellectual disability.ResultsTwenty‐two studies were included. The pooled prevalence of any co‐occurring psychiatric disorders in intellectual disability was 33.6% (95% CI: 25.2%–43.1%) with high heterogeneity but no publication bias. Prevalence was lower in population‐based studies, in studies that used ICD criteria for the psychopathology and in studies with low risk of bias. The prevalence was higher in mild, moderate and severe intellectual disability than in profound intellectual disability.ConclusionsPsychiatric disorders are common in subjects with intellectual disability, and the present authors found that clinical and methodological moderators affect the pooled prevalence.

Con el avance de las tecnologías se han generado nuevos modos de escritura y, en estos últimos tiempos, se presenta la oportunidad de potenciar su enseñanza en el marco de nuevas prácticas de comunicación y creación. La experiencia que se expone en este trabajo se configura desde el marco pedagógico sociocultural y se apoya en herramientas tecnológicas de producción colaborativa. Se incluye una descripción de la experiencia, una valoración de los participantes y el sentido que tuvo para los docentes que la llevaron adelante. La necesidad de escribir de forma colectiva, en tiempo real y en un entorno tecnológico contribuyó a ejercitar la toma de decisiones en torno a la escritura para "insertarse con su propia voz" en el juego de la escritura creativa.

AbstractMultiple pregnancy represents a challenge for obstetrics and also poses significant psychological, social and economic problems. The chances of a successful outcome may be improved by appropriate preventive, diagnostic and management strategies, by the availability of specific skills and experience and by a multidisciplinary approach. In this paper are indicated and discussed, on the basis of current evidences, what can be considered the ten "commandments" in terms of providing optimal care in multiple pregnancies. In particular in this review we focus on the following topics: psychological support and clinical counseling; diagnosis and characterization of chorionicity; management at referral centers; individualization of care; avoidance of most frequent complications; consideration of specific pathologies; evaluation of fetal anatomy; monitoring of fetuses; planning of time and mode of delivery; monitoring of the mother during postpartum.

AbstractIn this paper, we report a study concerning the quantification of new emerging pollutants in water as a request from the third European Watch List mechanism. The EU Watch List compound was investigated by an internal method that was validated in terms of detection limits, linearities, accuracy, and precision in accordance with quality assurance criteria, and it was used to monitor several rivers from 11 Italian regions. The methodology developed was satisfactorily validated from 5 to 500 ng L−1 for the emerging pollutants studied, and it was applied to different river waters sampled in Italy, revealing the presence of drugs and antibiotics. Rivers were monitored for 2 years by two different campaigns conducted in 2021 and 2022. A total of 19 emerging pollutants were investigated on 45 samples. The most detected analytes were O-desmethylvenlafaxine and venlafaxine. About azole compounds, sulfamethoxazole, fluconazole, and Miconazole were found. About antibiotics, ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin were found in three and one samples, respectively. Moreover, statistical analyses have found a significant correlation between O-desmethylvenlafaxine with venlafaxine, sulfamethoxazole with venlafaxine, and fluconazole with venlafaxine.

The River Contract is a little-known practice and an unconventional planning procedure but an opportunity in many Italian Regions to overcome the problems of coherence between levels of Government and to promote participation. The River Contract is a voluntary agreement of strategic and negotiated planning, aiming the protection, proper management of water resources, recovery, and enhancement of the river territories, together with flood protection, contributing to the local development of such areas. In 2017, in Rome, started the procedure for the River Contract by Agenda Tevere Onlus. This paper illustrates a practice-oriented research built by multidisciplinary approach and a method able to mix cultural and participatory knowledge. Because the Tiber is the river of Rome, the research aims to raise the possibility of enhancing the strategic and fundamental role of the Tiber in relation to the City through four key issues: the urban landscape, because the Tiber is intrinsically related with the city; the public space, because the Tiber must be a good of the city; the sustainable use, because the Tiber must be for the city; the active participation, because the interventions on the Tiber must be shared in the city by those who live and work in Rome.

Family interactive patterns were investigated in the relatives of 20 mentally retarded patients institutionalised in two centres in Northern Italy. Expressed emotion (EE) was used as evaluation instrument. The results show a surprisingly high rate (45%) of high EE, even in relatives of patients who did not live inside the family. High EE was positively correlated to the presence of behavioural disorders in the patients, as already shown for children with conduct disorders. Treatment implications are discussed; there is an opportunity for the implementation of a family psychoeduca tional approach, aimed both at managing the behavioural consequences of the disorder and at enhancing rehabilitation programmes.