Suchergebnisse

This paper compares two case studies in Alaska, one on commercial fishers of the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands region and the other on moose hunters of Interior Alaska, to identify how governance arrangements and management strategies enhance or limit people's ability to respond effectively to changing climatic and environmental conditions. The two groups face similar challenges regarding the impacts of a changing climate on wild fish and game, but they tell very different stories regarding how and under what conditions these impacts challenge their harvest activities. In both regions, people describe dramatic changes in weather, land, and seascape conditions, and distributions of fish and game. A key finding is that the "command-and-control" model of governance in the Alaska Interior, as implemented through state and federal management tools such as registration hunts and short open seasons, limits effective local responses to environmental conditions, while the more decentralized model of governance created by the Limited Access Privilege systems of the Bering Sea allows fishers great flexibility to respond. We discuss ways to implement aspects of a decentralized decision-making model in the Interior that would benefit hunters by increasing their adaptability and success, while also improving conservation outcomes. Our findings also demonstrate the usefulness of the diagnostic framework employed here for facilitating comparative crossregional analyses of natural resource use and management. ; Ce document établit une comparaison entre deux études de cas effectuées en Alaska, l'une portant sur les pêcheurs commerciaux de la mer de Béring et de la région des Aléoutiennes et l'autre, sur les chasseurs d'orignaux de l'intérieur de l'Alaska. Cette comparaison avait pour but de déterminer comment les ententes de gouvernance et les stratégies de gestion rehaussent ou restreignent l'aptitude des gens à réagir de manière efficace au changement climatique et aux conditions environnementales. Dans le cas des deux groupes, les défis sont semblables en ce qui a trait aux incidences du changement climatique sur le poisson sauvage et le gibier, mais il n'en reste pas moins que les deux groupes témoignent d'histoires très différentes relativement à la façon dont les incidences influencent leurs activités de chasse ou de pêche, et les circonstances dans lesquelles les incidences présentent des défis à leurs activités de chasse ou de pêche. Dans les deux cas, les individus décrivent des changements dramatiques sur le plan des conditions météorologiques, du paysage terrestre et du paysage marin, ainsi que sur le plan de la répartition du poisson et du gibier. Une des grandes observations ayant émané de cette comparaison, c'est que le modèle de gouvernance consistant à « commander et contrôler » qui est en vigueur dans l'intérieur de l'Alaska, tel qu'imposé par les outils de gestion de l'État et du gouvernement fédéral, et qui se traduit notamment par l'enregistrement des chasses et par des saisons de chasse courtes, se trouve à restreindre l'efficacité des réactions locales vis-à-vis des conditions environnementales, tandis que le mode de gouvernance plus décentralisé créé par les systèmes de privilège à accès limité de la mer de Béring donne aux pêcheurs une plus grande souplesse pour réagir. Nous nous penchons sur diverses façons de mettre en oeuvre les aspects d'un modèle de prise de décisions décentralisé dans l'intérieur de manière à ce que les chasseurs en bénéficient en augmentant leur adaptabilité et leur succès, tout en améliorant les résultats de conservation. Nos constatations démontrent aussi l'utilité du cadre diagnostic employé ici pour faciliter les analyses inter-régionales en matière d'utilisation et de gestion des ressources naturelles.

The chemical composition, sources, and concentrations of aerosol particles vary on a seasonal basis in the Arctic. While existing research has focused on understanding the occurrence of aerosol particles during the Arctic winter and spring, less is known of their occurrence during the Arctic summer. In this study, atmospheric aerosol particle chemical composition and concentration were determined during July–September 2018 at Tuktoyaktuk, NT, Canada (69.4° N, 133.0° W) to coincide with the Year of Polar Prediction's 2 nd Special Observing Period in the Arctic. The chemical composition of fine (PM 2.5 ) and coarse (PM 10-2.5 ) aerosol filter samples suggests the ocean, mineral/road dust, and combustion were sources of the sampled aerosol particles. Mass concentrations of PM 2 and PM 10 , estimated from optical particle counter measurements, remained within a similar range during the study. However, elevated mass concentrations coincided with a festival in the community of Tuktoyaktuk, suggesting local human activity was an important source of aerosol particles. Mass concentrations of PM 2 , which promote negative health effects in humans, were significantly lower at Tuktoyaktuk than the national air quality standard recommended by the Government of Canada. These measurements provide an important baseline to compare with future measurements associated with the assessment of aerosol chemistry and air quality in the Arctic.

Lettered on cover: Code of Savannah. 1918. D.S. Atkinson. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Introduction: Delivering health services and improving health outcomes of the 1.3 million people residing in northern Australia, a region spanning 3 million km2 across the three jurisdictions of Western Australia, Northern Territory and Queensland, presents specific challenges. This review addresses a need for systems level analysis of the issues influencing the coverage, quality and responsiveness of health services across this region by examining the available published literature and identifying key policy-relevant gaps. Methods: A scoping review design was adopted with searches incorporating both peer-reviewed and grey literature (eg strategy documents, annual reports and budgets). Grey literature was predominantly sourced from websites of key organisations in the three northern jurisdictions, with peer-reviewed literature sourced from electronic database searches and reference lists. Key articles and documents were also contributed by health sector experts. Findings were synthesised and reported narratively using the WHO health system 'building blocks' to categorise the data. Results: From the total of 324 documents and data sources included in the review following screening and eligibility assessment, 197 were peer-reviewed journal articles and 127 were grey literature. Numerous health sector actors across the north – comprising planning bodies, universities and training organisations, peak bodies and providers – deliver primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare and workforce education and training in highly diverse contexts of care. Despite many exemplar health service and workforce models in the north, this synthesis describes a highly fragmented sector with many and disjointed stakeholders and funding sources. While the many strengths of the northern health system include expertise in training and supporting a fit-for-purpose health workforce, health systems in the north are struggling to meet the health needs of highly distributed populations with poorly targeted resources and ill-suited funding models. Ageing of the population and rising rates of chronic disease and mental health issues, underpinned by complex social, cultural and environmental determinants of health, continue to compound these challenges. Conclusion: Policy goals about developing northern Australia economically need to build from a foundation of a healthy and productive population. Improving health outcomes in the north requires political commitment, local leadership and targeted investment to improve health service delivery, workforce stability and evidence-based strengthening of community-led comprehensive primary health care. This requires intersectoral collaboration across many organisations and the three jurisdictions, drawing from previous collaborative experiences. Further evaluative research, linking structure to process and outcomes, and responding to changes in the healthcare landscape such as the rapid emergence of digital technologies, is needed across a range of policy areas to support these efforts.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction: Agamben and Colonialism -- I. Colonial States of Exception -- 1. Imperialism, Exceptionalism and the Contemporary World -- 2. The Management of Anomie: The State of Exception in Postcommunist Russia -- 3. The Cultural Politics of Exception -- II. Colonial Sovereignty -- 4. Indigenising Agamben: Rethinking Sovereignty in Light of the 'Peculiar' Status of Native Peoples -- 5. Reading Kenya's Colonial State of Emergency after Agamben -- 6. Colonial Sovereignty, Forms of Life and Liminal Beings in South Africa -- III. Biopolitics and Bare Life -- 7. Encountering Bare Life in Italian Libya and Colonial Amnesia in Agamben -- 8. Abandoning Gaza -- 9. Colonial Histories: Biopolitics and Shantytowns in the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area -- IV. Method, History, Potentiality -- 10. The Paradigm of Colonialism -- 11. 'The work of men is not durable': History, Haiti and the Rights of Man -- 12. Potential Postcoloniality: Sacred Life, Profanation and the Coming Community -- Notes on Contributors -- Index

If the frontier, in all its boundless possibility, was a central organizing metaphor for much of U.S. history, today it is arguably the border that best encapsulates the American experience, as xenophobia, economic inequality, and resurgent nationalism continue to fuel conditions of division and limitation. This boldly interdisciplinary volume explores the ways that historical and contemporary actors in the U.S. have crossed such borders-whether national, cultural, ethnic, racial, or conceptual. Together, these essays suggest new ways to understand borders while encouraging connection and exchange, even as social and political forces continue to try to draw lines around and between people