Contemporary methodological landscape in translator training (TT) is dominated by the competence-based principles whose epistemological roots are found in social constructivism asserting learners' active participation in knowledge accrual. The paper gives a brief account of the status quo of TT and revisits the controversial issue of appropriateness of combining TT with foreign language teaching (FLT). The author maintains that FLT may, and quite often has to, be part of TT course, the share of linguistic component in TT depending on the curriculum design and teaching circumstances. Centred solely around the linguistic aspect of TT, the paper proposes combining training methods that serve the purposes of both TT and FLT. TT practices aimed at developing linguistic and translational competences simultaneously are subdivided into analytical and reinforcement training techniques, the latter being the focus of this paper. The author argues that exercise-type activities beneficial for both TT and FLT can be practiced in full harmony with the competence-based student-centred teaching principles.
Sketches the history of economic thought regarding the self‐expanding growth of investments through the accrual of compound interest. Exercises that calculate such growth in terms of "doubling times" have already been found in Babylonian textbooks from c. 2000 BC. Although compound interest was not permitted to be charged in practice (each loan matured at a given date), investors could keep ploughing back their funds into new loans. Through the ages, this essentially logarithmic principle has described how loan capital grows independently of the ability of debtors (or the economy at large) to pay. It has been expressed by dramatists such as Shakespeare, by novelists, and by eighteenth‐century actuaries and economists. Before the contrast between "geometric" and "arithmetic" rates of increase were made famous by Malthus in his description of population growth tendencies, it was formulated with reference to the work on public debt by Richard Price. This principle is incompatible with "equilibrium" theories of self‐regulating debt, or ideas that economies can automatically adjust to its growth over time.
The research was to juridically analyze the implementation of budgeting control in Central Sulawesi Provincial Development Planning Agency and idenyify their job performance in case of manipulation inprovincial fund management. It was a normative research adopting juridical and conceptual approaches. The sources of date were primary and secondary. The results of the research showed 2 findings. (1) the control was applied during planing, implementation, management, reporting and acountability of the provincial budget. Such a step was preferable to prevent financial manipulation and losses since preventive measures agains financial manipulation were perceived to be better than currative ones. Having gained Reasonable Without Exception financial reporting predicate twice, the Central Provincial Goverment would be more encoraged to better prepare transparent and effective accrual-based financial accountability reports in order to be more consistent to good governance principle. (2) The performance was evaluated to identivity progresses in the programs and activities in order to gain indicators that the Agency was clean, transparent and accountable in the processes of fair and effective budgeting in consistent with the good governance principleKeywords : clean, transparent and accountable budgeting control, based ongood coorporate governance principle.
В статье рассматриваются некоторые положения правовых норм, напрямую влияющих на финансовое положение муниципальных образований в России. Используя формально-юридический метод исследования, автор попытается проследить зависимость местного самоуправления от управленческих решений органов государственной власти. На основе результаты, представленных Счетной палатой РФ и Всероссийским советом местного самоуправления, выявлены наиболее актуальные проблемы финансовой необеспеченности местного самоуправления в целом и муниципальных образований в частности. Установлено, что принципы, заложенные в системе начисления и распределения субсидий и субвенций не могут обеспечить муниципальным образованиям возможность исполнять свои обязательства по решению вопросов местного значения, поскольку методики начисления разрабатываются на уровне субъекта РФ, что приводит к разной практике начисления субсидий и субвенций в субъектах РФ. ; The present article deals with some law provisions that exert direct influence on financial status of the municipal entities in Russia. With the help of technical method of research the author made a try to exhibit local authorities' reliance on managerial decisions of the state government bodies. Data submitted by the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation and All-Russian Council of Local Government have helped to reveal the most challenging problems of financial insecurity of local government on the whole and municipal entities in particular. The principles embedded in the system of accrual and distribution of subsidies and subventions do not leave a possibility for municipal entities to fulfill their obligations as it pertains to resolution of issues of local significance as far as accrual techniques are assigned to the constituent entity level, thus in actual practice subsidies and subventions come to be differently accrued in different territorial subjects of Russia. A widely acclaimed principle of local government autonomy is scarcely feasible when applied as the machinery of money receipt and distribution input into the legal tradition makes the local government almost directly dependant on the state government bodies. The municipal entities fail to shape the necessary budget independently for two reasons: low economic capacity of certain municipalities; adopted tax system and intergovernmental fiscal relations. Local problems grow in number while the amount of tax and non-tax revenues fed into the local budget inevitably drops.
El presente trabajo de investigación analiza la problemática generada por la subjetividad en la elección del mejor método para medir el grado de realización de los ingresos en la prestación de servicios que se ejecutan en el transcurso del tiempo relacionados a rentas de tercera categoría, lo cual es ocasionado por el numeral 2.1 del Artículo No. 57 de la Ley del Impuesto a la Renta que fue adicionado por el Decreto Legislativo No.1425. El trabajo desarrolla el marco normativo relacionado a la definición del devengo tributario en la prestación de servicios antes y después de la modificación efectuada por el Decreto Legislativo No.1425, investiga el tratamiento tributario para el reconocimiento del devengo de ingresos en la prestación de servicios en las legislaciones tributarias de países comparables al Perú, explica el conflicto con los principios, derechos y garantías constitucionales y finalmente propone una modificación a la norma tributaria para brindar seguridad jurídica al contribuyente y a la Administración Tributaria. ; This research work analyzes the problem generated by subjectivity in the choice of the best method to measure the stage of completion of income in the rendering of services that are executed in the course of time related to third category income, which is caused by numeral 2.1 of Article No. 57 of the Income Tax Law that was added by Legislative Decree No. 1425. The work develops the tax framework related to the definition of tax accrual in the rendering of services before and after the modification made by Legislative Decree No. 1425, investigates the tax treatment for the recognition of the accrual of income in the rendering of services in the tax legislations of countries comparable to Peru, explains the conflict with constitutional principles, rights and guarantees and finally proposes a modification to the tax regulation to provide legal certainty to the taxpayer and the Tax Administration
The arrangement and accounting reporting becomes an important component in a governance institution to assess the performance in a financial management which apply PSB (Public Service Board) accounting reporting is governed by laws and regulations in the field of state finances to run a sound business practice, PSB (Public Service Board ) carry out two systems with two standards for the preparation and reporting of accounting in financial governance GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) as the standard in the preparation and reporting of accounting for financial reporting BLU (Public Service Board) accrual-based and GAS (Government Accounting Standards) as standard in preparation and accounting reporting of the government agencies with cash toward accrual basis. This research was conducted to understand and interpret how the implementation of the preparation and reporting of accounting PSB (Public Service Board) at Dr. Mohammad HoesinHospital Palembang then figure out what are the problems encountered in the preparation of accounting and reporting, and how the decisions taken by Dr. Mohammad HoesinHospital Palembang in following up the problems that arise, this study is a qualitative research paradigm interpratif research with case study approach. The object of this research is part of the accounting department of Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang with speakers Head of financial accounting along with the associated staff. Data analysis is done with data reduction, understanding and interpretation. The results of the study describes howthe process of preparation and accounting reporting that occurred at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang as the implementing agency of PSB (Public Service Board), researchers also found a lot of problems that arise in the preparation and reporting of accounting process on PSB (Public Service Board) governance of Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang, then the results of this study explain the decisions taken by rational choice theory. Suggestion that is given in this study is that the central government may revise the regulation in the financial governance of PSB (Public Service Board) particularly regardingGeneralServices AgencyHospital.
Over the last decades fiscal deficits and public debt among OECD countries increased drastically. In this context instruments fostering fiscal discipline have been promoted to restore the financial situation and to ensure sustainability in public spending policy in order to preserve future service delivery capacity (IMF, 2009). The theoretical fundaments justifying fiscal discipline have been originally developed by public choice scholars like Buchanan (1958, 1964, 1991) with his well-known golden rule of public finance or like Tollison and Wagner (1987), who advocated fiscal/budget rules in order to contain the government size. While most literature focuses on fiscal performance in the presence of fiscal rules (Yerly, 2013; Alesina, Hausmann, Hommes & Stein, 1999) or the analysis of different design options (Yerly, 2013), only few authors consider the accounting dimension and technical aspects despite the fact that fiscal rules (debt breaks) usually build on accrual accounting information (Bergmann, 2012). Yet, this connection was subject of research concerned with the rise of creative accounting and fiscal gimmickry in the presence of fiscal rules (Von Hagen & Wolff, 2006; Koen & Van den Noord, 2005; Milesi-Ferretti, 2003), which was inspired by political economy literature advocating that politicians and public decision makers have a strong incentive to embellish budget balance (Alesina & Perotti, 1995). Following this avenue of research, this paper serves the illumination of the connection between debt break mechanisms and the adoption of accrual public sector accounting standards and principles in the interface of political economy in the Swiss context. By explicitly considering the technical accounting dimension, this paper develops an integrated conceptual view on well-established Public Financial Management (PFM) institutions and elaborates how their interdependencies can co-create value with regard to the contemporary challenge of fiscal sustainability. Derivation of this integrated view follows an explorative approach, taking into account expert interviews with director level staff from cantonal finance administrations and policy documents, as well as literature from both research areas – public sector accounting and political economy.
Pediatric value-based payment reform has been hindered by limited return on investment (ROI) for child-focused measures and the accrual of financial benefits to non-health care sectors. States participating in the federally-funded Integrated Care for Kids (InCK) models are required to design child-centered alternative payment models (APMs) for Medicaid-enrolled children. The North Carolina InCK pediatric APM launched in January 2023 and includes innovative measures focused on school readiness and social needs. We interviewed experts at NC Medicaid managed care organizations, NC Medicaid, and actuaries with pediatric value-based payment experience to assess the NC InCK APM design process and develop strategies for future child-focused value-based payment reform. Key principles emerging from conversations included: accounting for payer priorities and readiness to implement measures; impact of data uncertainty on investment in novel measures; misalignment of a short-term ROI framework with whole child health measures; and state levers like mandates and financial incentives to promote implementation.
The government's public financial management (PFM) Reform Program 2016-2020 foresees the gradual transition of public sector financial reporting from a cash basis to an accrual basis of accounting and the application of International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS). This will significantly improve the quality of financial information and should enable better informed decision-making, more efficient use of public funds and resources and improved fiscal performance. This Report on the Enhancement of Public Sector Financial Reporting is one output of the Serbia Public Sector Accounting Reform Technical Assistance project funded by the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO) through the Strengthening Accountability and Fiduciary Environment (SAFE) Trust Fund under the Public Sector Accounting and Reporting Program (PULSAR) which provides support for the development and implementation of public sector accounting standards. This report supports the development of a plan towards that goal by assessing the institutional framework for public sector accounting as well as the gap between Serbian public sector generally accepted accounting principles (PS GAAP) and IPSAS.
The government's public financial management (PFM) Reform Program 2016-2020 foresees the gradual transition of public sector financial reporting from a cash basis to an accrual basis of accounting and the application of International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS). This will significantly improve the quality of financial information and should enable better informed decision-making, more efficient use of public funds and resources and improved fiscal performance. This Report on the Enhancement of Public Sector Financial Reporting is one output of the Serbia Public Sector Accounting Reform Technical Assistance project funded by the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO) through the Strengthening Accountability and Fiduciary Environment (SAFE) Trust Fund under the Public Sector Accounting and Reporting Program (PULSAR) which provides support for the development and implementation of public sector accounting standards. This report supports the development of a plan towards that goal by assessing the institutional framework for public sector accounting as well as the gap between Serbian public sector generally accepted accounting principles (PS GAAP) and IPSAS.
Muhasebe bilgileri, işletmeler tarafından işletmenin mevcut ve potansiyel hissedarları da dahil olmak üzere içsel ve dışsal karar vericilere sağlanan ihtiyaca uygun ve halka açık bilgilerdir. Muhasebe bilgilerinin arasında kazançlar sermaye piyasalarındaki kaynak dağıtımını etkileyen bir gösterge rolünü üstlenmeleri nedeniyle özel bir öneme sahiptir. İşletmeler tarafından yayınlanan muhasebe bilgileri işletmelerin uymaları gereken kanunlar çerçevesinde benimsedikleri muhasebe standartlarına bağlıdır. Bu nedenle, sağlanan muhasebe bilgilerinin kalitesi halka açık işletmelerin uyguladıkları standartlar ve prosedürlerin kalitesine dayanmaktadır. Türkiye'de Sermaye Piyasaları Kurulu halka açık işletmelerin finansal tablolarını 2008 yılında bu yana Türkiye Finansal Raporlama Standartları'na (TFRS) göre raporlamalarını gerektirmektedir. Türkiye Finansal Raporlama Standartları, Uluslararası Muhasebe Standartları Kurulu (UMSK) tarafından yayınlanan Uluslararası Finansal Raporlama Standartları'nın (UFRS) doğrudan çevirileridir. UFRS ve dolayısıyla TFRS, yöneticilerin kendi yargılarını kullanmalarına olanak tanıyan prensip bazlı standart setleridir. Kazançlar işletmeler hakkında hayati önem taşıyan bir bilgi kaynağı olarak görülmekle birlikte bazı araştırmacılar kazanç bilgisinin sağlıklı bir bilgi kaynağı olmadığı görüşünü savunmaktadırlar. Dolayısıyla, kazançların hisse senedi fiyatlarındaki hareketleri açıklamadaki gücünün araştırılması gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle, bu tezin ana amacı kazançların hisse getirilerini açıklamadaki gücünü incelemektir. Kazanç bilgisi iki ana bileşenden oluşmaktadır: nakit akım bileşeni ve tahakkuk bileşeni. Bu farklı bileşenlerin hisse fiyatları üzerinde farklı etkileri olabilmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra, işletmelerin finansal tablolarını hazırlamada kullandıkları standartlar yöneticilerin yargılarını kullanmalarına izin verdiğinden tahakkuk bilgisi de iki ayrı bileşenden oluşmaktadır: ihtiyari olmayan tahakkuklar ve ihtiyari tahakkuklar. Bu nedenle, kazançların farklı unsurlarının görece açıklayıcı güçlerini belirlemek amacı ile kazançlar ve hisse senedi getirileri eş zamanlı ve gecikmeli olarak panel veri analizi ile incelenmiştir. İhtiyari tahakkukların ölçülmesinde Dechow (1995) tarafından geliştirilmiş olan Jones Model'in kesit varyasyonu kullanılmıştır. Borsa İstanbul'da 2008-2015 yılları dahil olmak üzere işlem görmekte olan 115 üretim firmasının kazanç ve hisse getirisi verileri analiz edilmiştir. Deneysel testlerin sonuçları, eş zamanlı modellerde işletme faaliyetlerinden nakit akımları, ihtiyari olmayan gelirler ve ihtiyari tahakkukları açıklayıcı değişken olarak içeren modelin en yüksek açıklayıcılığa sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Gecikmeli modellerin açıklayıcı güçleri genel olarak eş zamanlı modellerin açıklayıcı güçlerinden dikkate değer biçimde yüksektir. Bu deneysel çalışmanın sonuçları gecikmeli kazanç verilerinin hisse senedi getirileri üzerinde eş zamanlı kazanç verilerinden daha fazla açıklayıcı gücü olduğunu ima etmektedir. --- Accounting information is a publicly available information provided by companies; which is relevant to decision makers, who are the internal and external decision makers related with the company including the current and potential stockholders. Among the accounting information earnings has a crucial role in making investment decisions by investors since it has a signalling effect that directs the resource allocation in capital markets. Accounting information provided by the companies depends on the accounting standards that the companies adopt in their own legislative jurisdictions. Thus, the quality of the accounting information provided relies on the quality of the standards and the procedures that the listed companies abide by. In Turkey, the Turkish Capital Markets Board requires the listed companies to publish their financial statements according to the Turkish Financial Reporting Standards (TFRS) since 2008. Turkish Financial Reporting Standards are direct translations of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) published by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). IFRS, and therefore TFRS, is a principle based standard set that allows for the use of discretionary power by managers. Whereas earnings are considered as a vital source of information about companies, there are also other researchers, who believe that earnings are not a vigorous source of information. Therefore, the usefulness of earnings in explaining the stock price movements requires investigation. Hence, the main aim of this thesis is to investigate the usefulness, or the explanatory power of earnings on stock returns. Earnings information incorporates two main components: the cash flow component and the accruals component, which may have different effects on stock prices. Also, since the standards used by companies in preparing their financial statements requires discretionary power accruals information has two different components, as the nondiscretionary accruals and the discretionary accruals. For that reason, the different components of earnings are separately analysed in so far as to determine their relative explanatory powers through the use of panel data analysis on a contemporaneous and lagged level. The cross-sectional variation of the Jones Model by Dechow (1995) is utilized in the measurement of discretionary accruals. Earnings and stock return data of 115 manufacturing companies listed in Borsa İstanbul for the period between 2008-2015, inclusive, are analysed. The results of the empirical tests on contemporaneous stock returns and earnings components indicate that the model that includes cash flows from operations, nondiscretionary income and discretionary accruals as the explanatory variables has the highest explanatory power among the contemporaneous models. The explanatory powers of the lagged models in general are notably higher than the explanatory powers of the contemporaneous models. The findings of this empirical research imply that contemporaneous earnings information has lower explanatory power when compared to lagged earnings information over stock returns.
The development of International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSASs) aims at harmonizing public sector accounting at an international level. IPSASs are intended to generate more comparable financial information across national boundaries and minimize differences in countries generally accepted domestic accounting principles. Despite the various advantages of adopting IPSASs, the new accounting standards have been accompanied by critiques in terms of implementation costs, lack of pressure, and alignment with public sector specialties. In addition, many countries have refused to adapt their governmental accounting systems to IPSASs. In the last two decades, a plethora of studies has investigated the evolution of an internationally comparable accrualbased accounting system. This article provides a systematic review of this research. First, it identifies existing knowledge of research on IPSASs, resulting in a sample of 80 journal articles. Second, it structures research on IPSASs with an empirical focus in three main research areas: (a) antecedents of IPSAS adoption; (b) implementation of accrual accounting based on IPSASs; and (c) outcomes of IPSAS adoption. Third, it discusses the shortcomings and gaps in the existing research and develops an agenda for future research. ; (VLID)5634810 ; Version of record
Most research on accounting creativity in our country have approached the companies that had securities admitted on trading in the capital market. But the phenomenon may occur at the level of SME which are not listed on the stock exchange as well. This motivated us to consider this type of entities for our analysis. We focused on the construction industry as it is the base of the economy development and the accounting principles for this sector are very complex. The data was requested directly from entities and manually processed. Using two different models of multiple linear regression analysis, we have estimated the level of discretionary accruals. By comparing the results, we highlighted that for our sample the first model was more relevant. We then tested the influence that entity size, indebtedness ratio, and financial difficulties exert on accounting creativity. The results of our study did not determine a relevant impact of these determinants. We conclude that further research is needed to analyse in a qualitative approach the managers' motivations for creative accounting techniques.
The purpose of this study is to draw attention to the issues on inheritance law and the problems related to process of inheritance of real estate objects without the accrual of the rights under the requirements of the current legislation.
The principles of selection of discussion issues is are formulated: complex examples in law enforcement practice, difficult to solve or those that do not have their solution in the existing paradigm of substantive inheritance law and according to the standardized rules of procedure (appli- cation of the inductionmethod).
The author analyses the concept of the universal in hereditary legal relations taking into account the scientific opinion of the classics of civilis- tics. It is concluded that this principle not only does not have legislative support in the substantive law of Ukraine. Moreover, there is no its com- mon understanding, in the scientific community.
The article questions the approach under which the inheritance is recognized as the process of transfer of rights not attributable to the heir un- der the current legislation, to the heirs on the grounds that such rights would certainly be acquired by the heir, if not for the end of physical life. The classic thesis is that only real and recognized rights and obligations are inherited. The circle of problematic issues within the article's problems is outlined and alternative ways of their solution are proposed.
The conclusion is substantiated that the approaches proposed today for solving these cases are local, not universal in nature, the likelihood of which is difficult to predict. In order to find a solution, it is suggested that the legislation be amended.
Fiscal reporting is the first principle of fiscal transparency. Its main purpose is to present accurate picture of government finance and to provide markets, legislatures and citizens with the necessary information to hold the government accountable. Fiscal reporting is expected to give a comprehensive overview of fiscal activities of the public sector, provide frequent and regular information on relevant, internationally comparable and historically consistent basis, compiled and disseminated in accordance with the international standards. In the last two decades significant changes in this area have begun with the adoption of accrual-based reporting and the extension of the coverage of reports. This paper presents recently developed norms for reporting fiscal statistics and analyses their appliance. In the Analyses it is shown that there has been considerable progress in the development of official public statistics in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Yet, its National Statistical System is confronted with an increasing number of new requirements to align with international recommendations, standards and best practices. The purpose of this paper is to describe the international standards of government finance statistics, analyse the existing system of compilation and dissemination of the official public finance statistics in Bosnia and Herzegovina, compare the state of its compatibility with international standards and highlight challenges and future direction in this statistical area. ; ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????????????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????????? ? ??????????? ?????????, ????????????? ? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ?????. ???????? ???????????? ????? ?? ????? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????, ?? ??????? ?????????? ? ??????? ??????????? ?? ???????????, ??????????? ?????????? ? ?????????? ????????????? ????????, ???????????? ? ????????????? ? ?????? ? ???????????? ???????????. ? ???????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ????????????? ?? ????????? ??????, ?? ?????????? ???????? ????????????. ? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ? ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ?? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ? ?????????? ??????. ? ??????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ????? ? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ? ????? ? ???????????. ???????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ? ????? ? ???????????. ????, ??????????? ?????? ????? ? ??????????? ??????? ?? ? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ???????????? ? ???????????? ???????????, ??????????? ? ???????? ????????. ???????? ???? ???? ?? ??????????? ?????? ? ???????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????, ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ? ????? ? ???????????, ?? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??????????????? ? ???????????? ???????????. ???????????? ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ? ????? ? ??????????? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ? ???????????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????????? ? ???? ???????????? ???????.
