Suchergebnisse

Tokyo's suburban territory now forms part of an increasing multi-dimensional urban–suburban divide in socio-demographic, economic and political and administrative (fiscal) dimensions. Drawing on the Tokyo case we argue the need for theory to take more seriously shrinkage in suburban fortunes. Specifically, we highlight the double meaning of shrinkage as a complex, multifaceted and path-dependent process and as a municipal-level political and policy response. In this paper we offer a theoretical framework for understanding urban (sub)transformation attuned to Japanese conditions and, by extension, other developmental states. We go on to explore the multi-dimensioned isolation of Tokyo's suburbs in terms of metropolitan-wide inter-governmental, inter-sectoral and inter-actor dynamics. In conclusion we observe the need for theory to be inclusive of the range of trajectories of suburbanisation and for politics and policy to adopt redistributive metropolitan spatial imaginaries.

Suburbane Räume finden bis dato in der Landschaftsplanung nur begrenzte Aufmerksamkeit. Dies hat mehrere Ursachen:
Zum einen entsprechen suburbane Räume nur selten den Vorstellungen und den Kriterien von wertvollen Landschaften. Werden jedoch keine Werte in der Landschaft festgestellt - wie z. B. wertvolle Arten, fruchtbare Böden oder für das Landschaftserleben bedeutsame, da vielfältige, schöne oder naturnahe Landschaftsbilder -, werden suburbane Räume oft keiner näheren Betrachtung unterzogen.
In vielen Landschaftsplänen dominieren zum anderen Maßnahmenvorschläge, die sich auf den Schutz und die Pflege wertvoller Landschaftselemente und Artenvorkommen beziehen. Konkrete Maßnahmenvorschläge zur Entwicklung, Gestaltung und Wiederherstellung von defizitären Landschaftsräumen gerieten in den letzten Jahren jedoch häufig aus dem Blickfeld der Landschaftsplanung.
Mit Blick auf die wachsenden suburbanen Räume und deren Bedeutung und Potenziale als Lebensräume in der Gesamtlandschaft wäre jedoch ein zunehmender Fokus auf Entwicklungs- und Reparaturmaßnahmen erforderlich. Dieser böte die Chance, suburbane Räume in ihren Potenzialen zu erkennen und diese durch die Entwicklung gezielter Maßnahmenvorschläge in Kooperation mit der Stadt- und Regionalentwicklung qualitätsvoll weiterzuentwickeln.

Studies of various types have indicated that residential areas of a city differ in their characteristics, and have suggested that these differences are the bases of residents' choices of where to obtain a home. Although people have been asked why they have made a certain choice, however, no attempts have been made to investigate the number of dimensions to residents' evaluations of suburbs, or the number of criteria on which they rate areas. The present study suggests that there might be five such dimensions, these being amalgams of a large number of terms which could be used to describe an area. The semantic differential technique has been used to test whether these five are relevant to a selection of residents of Christchurch, New Zealand; the analyses suggest that in fact there are probably three interrelated dimensions, and that these three are invariant with area of residence in the city. Although these dimensions of the criteria for evaluation are the same, however, the various suburbs were rated at different levels by groups living in different areas. Apparently both the social and the spatial distance between the respondent's home suburb and that which he is rating are influences on these variations.

Suburban communities have experienced a radical transformation in the past century, and now they are where most Americans live. This chaper summarizes the historical evolution of the modern suburb, presents the major suburban theories, and reviews the empirical evidence on the suburban form and social structure. We discuss the suburbanization process in the context of urban decline and change. Finally we review the suburban crisis that has developed after decades of rapid population growth and industrialization. The challenges facing today's suburbs include political fragmentation in regional governance, a growth revolt by local residents, a declining quality of community life, and a lack of affordable housing. The response to the suburban crisis by governments, business, and local residents will affect future suburban growth and suburban form.