Suchergebnisse

El actual estudio constituye un esfuerzo de la Universidad Rafael Landívar (URL), a través del Instituto de Gerencia Política (INGEP), y del Instituto Holandés para la Democracia Multipartidaria (NIMD), de generación de conocimiento y metodologías aplicadas que contribuyan de una forma más efectiva a la democratización e institucionalización del sistema político guatemalteco. Se trata de caracterizar o conocer, con diversos niveles de profundidad, al liderazgo sociopolítico con el que el Instituto de Gerencia Política (INGEP) y la Instancia Interpartidaria Sueca (IIS), trabajan en dieciséis municipios y siete departamentos del país. ; Índice. El Instituto de Gerencia Política: una bisagra entre la teoría y la política práctica 5. Prólogo 7. Presentación 11. Capítulo 1: Contextualización 15 1.1 Los partidos políticos en las democracias contemporáneas 17. 1.2 Democracia y participación 20. 1.3 La participación sociopolítica de los sectores tradicionalmente excluidos: breve reseña 23. Capítulo 2: Aspectos metodológicos 35. 2.1 Los estudios de línea basal 35. 2.2 El Programa Liderazgo Joven para una Democracia en Construcción 39. 2.3 Metodología 41. 2.4 Principales características sociodemográficas de los sujetos 44. Capítulo 3: La participación en política del Liderazgo Joven para una Democracia en Construcción 47. 3.1 El concepto de participación en política 48. 3.2 Adscripción y participación en organizaciones sociales y políticas 49. 3.3 La participación en actividades sociales y políticas 57. 3.4 El índice de activismo sociopolítico 65. 3.5 La participación electoral 66. Capítulo 4: Los determinantes de la participación 75. 4.1 Variables asociadas con la participación sociopolítica de los estudiantes del PLJDC 78. 4.2 Regresión lineal múltiple sobre activismo sociopolítico 85. 4.3 Factores reales y subjetivos que dificultan la participación política 87. 4.4 Hogar y participación sociopolítica 88. 4.5 Aproximación cualitativa a las limitantes de la participación política 94. 4.6 La visión de futuro 98. Capítulo 5: Aproximación a la cultura política de los sujetos del PLJD 101. 5.1 Consensos y disensos en torno a la democracia 103. 5.2 Entre el discurso y la praxis cotidiana: principios y valores democráticos 106. 5.3 Conocimiento, actitudes y percepciones hacia el sistema político 113. 5.4 Confianza en las instituciones y actores de poder 120. 5.5 Lo malo no es la política, lo malo son los políticos 124. Conclusiones y recomendaciones 129. Consultas bibliográficas 143.

Limbal stem cells (LSCs) are a quiescent cell population responsible for the renewal of the corneal epithelium. Their deficiency is responsible for the conjunctivization of the cornea that is seen in different ocular pathologies, both in humans and in the canine species. The canine species represents an interesting preclinical animal model in ocular surface pathologies. However, the role of LSCs in physiological and pathological conditions in canine species is not well understood. Our objective was to characterize for the first time the soluble factors and the proteomic profile of the secretome and exosomes of canine LSCs (cLSCs). In addition, given the important role that fibroblasts play in the repair of the ocular surface, we evaluated the influence of the secretome and exosomes of cLSCs on their proliferation in vitro. Our results demonstrated a secretory profile of cLSCs with high concentrations of MCP-1, IL-8, VEGF-A, and IL-10, as well as significant production of exosomes. Regarding the proteomic profile, 646 total proteins in the secretome and 356 in exosomes were involved in different biological processes. Functionally, the cLSC secretome showed an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of fibroblasts in vitro, which the exosomes did not. These results open the door to new studies on the possible use of the cLSC secretome or some of its components to treat certain pathologies of the ocular surface in canine species. ; GR was supported by the RD16/0011/ 0022 grant of the Spanish Network on Cell Therapy (TerCel). AV and VF were supported by the Contract Aljama Gestión SL-University of Malaga (8.06/5.02.5013). MM was supported by the UMA18-FEDERJA-133 grant of the Operational programme FEDER Andalucía 2014-2020. CA was supported by the Promotion of Youth Employment and implementation of the Youth Guarantee in R&D&I, 2018 (PEJ2018-004785-A) grant of the Ministry of Science, Innovation and University. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. VI National R&D&I Plan 2008– 2011, Iniciativa Ingenio 2010, Consolider Program, CIBER Actions, Instituto de Salud Carlos III with assistance from the European Regional Development Fund and Regional Government of Andalusia (Junta de Andalucia, PAIDI (BIO217), provided support in the form of materials, but did not have any additional role in the study design, data Cover Letter collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. ; Yes

The research objective is to identify the impact of the crisis caused by COVID-19 in the business model of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) located in Santa Tecla and Antiguo Cuscatlán dedicated to retail trade or restaurant industry. The main research question is how the pandemic has affected the business logic of these companies, focusing on the changes they have experienced in times of government ruled emergency. In addition, considerable attention is given to the measures implemented by these businesses toalleviate the negative effects of the COVID-19 outbreak. An exploratory methodology was adopted with a comprehensive review of the available literature, including policy papers, research and reports in the relevant fields. In addition, to add empirical evidence, data was collected from 60 MSEs that fit the study profile through an online survey. The results of the survey show that the crisis of COVID-19 has affected the business model of the consulted enterprises in different ways and with different intensity. Most of the participating companies face changes in business financing, commercial alliances, distribution channels, products, and innovation. They also demonstrate the importance of the renewal of business models in the effort of MSEs to overcome the pandemic crisis. Realidad Empresarial No. 11, 2021: 23-38 ; El objetivo de la presente investigación es identificar el impacto de la crisis por COVID-19 en el modelo de negocio de los emprendimientos y las micro y pequeñas empresas (MYPES) de Santa Tecla y Antiguo Cuscatlán dedicadas al comercio minorista o al rubro de restaurantes. La principal pregunta de la investigación es cómo la pandemia ha afectado la lógica comercial de estas empresas, centrándose en los cambios que han experimentado durante el estado de emergencia. Además, se presta considerable atención a las medidas implementadas por estas unidades económicas para aliviar los efectos negativos del brote de COVID-19. Se adoptó una metodología exploratoria con una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura disponible, incluyendo documentos de políticas, investigaciones e informes en los campos pertinentes. Además, para agregar evidencia empírica, se recolectaron datos de 60 MYPES y emprendimientos que cumplen con el perfil de estudio a través de una encuesta en línea. Los resultados muestran que la crisis por COVID-19 ha afectado de diferentes maneras y con distinta intensidad el modelo de negocio de las empresas consultadas. La mayoría de las empresas enfrentan cambios en el financiamiento del negocio, las alianzas comerciales, los canales de distribución, los productos y la innovación. Asimismo, demuestran la importancia de la renovación de los modelos comerciales en el esfuerzo de las MYPES para sobreponerse a la crisis pandémica. Realidad Empresarial No. 11, 2021: 23-38

El riesgo de infección relacionada con catéteres es mayor en pacientes con cáncer. Los microorganismos grampositivos han sustituido a los gramnegativos como causantes principales de bacteremias en estos sujetos. Las Infecciones micóticas noso• comíales han superado en algunos centros a las bacterias gramnegativas. El tipo de catéter y el tiempo de permanencia son los principales factores de riesgo en pacientes con neoplasias subyacentes.

The COVID-19 pandemic has currently affected more than 200 countries and caused around four million cases. Face masks are recommended for preventing the contagion. The Guatemalan government issued a decree for the mandatory use of face masks in public places. In order to find out the frequency of voluntary and mandatory use of face masks by Guatemalans we conducted a case study divided in two episodes (pre and post mandatory use decree) by driving a 27.8 km car transect through 11 of the 22 zones of Guatemala City and observing the use of face mask by pedestrians walking on the sides of the transect. Pedestrians were visually classified by age category (children [ 65 years]) and gender. During the pre-decree observation, we registered 476 individuals using a face mask and 674 not using or using them improperly. During the post-decree observation, we registered 797 individuals using face mask and 211 not using or using them improperly. In general, the frequency of face mask use was higher in the post-decree sample. Males used masks less frequent than females, especially the elders and before the decree became mandatory. Although the mandatory use decree managed to increase the frequency of the use of the mask, there is a portion of the population that is not using it or that is using it improperly, so this should be considered by the health authorities who are dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: To investigate effects of school race/ethnic enrollment on mental health in early adolescence by examining both race/ ethnic density (percent non-Latinx [NL] White enrollment) and diversity (range/size of all race/ethnic groups enrolled). Variation by student race/ethnic identity is examined as minority stressors are uniquely experi­enced by race/ethnic minority students.Design: Longitudinal cohort from a broader mental health study.Setting: Fourteen schools in Texas (2011- 2015).Participants: Sixth-grade participants (mean age 11.5 years) linked to publicly available data about their school (N=389).Methods: Generalized estimating equations tested main effects of density/diversity on depressive-anxious symptoms across stu­dent-reported race/ethnic identity, adjusting for student/school factors. Owing to statisti­cally significant Latinx-group differences by acculturative stress, four unique identities were generated: NL-Black, low-stress Latinx, high-stress Latinx, and NL-White—referent. Points of convergence of student mental health profiles across density/diversity were explored.Main Outcome Measures: Self-reported depressive-anxious symptoms over a two-year period.Results: A significant interaction between density and student race/ethnicity was found (P<.01), with NL-Black and low-stress Latinx vs NL-White students experi­encing higher symptoms over the two-year period, net of covariates. In contrast, greater diversity was associated with higher symp­toms, net of controls (P<.05). A marginally significant interaction (P=.06) revealed fewer symptoms for high-stress Latinx vs NL-White students. At about 25%, NL-White density and diversity of .5-.6, all students experienced similar mental health profiles.Conclusions: Greater NL-White density increases mental health risk for NL-Black and low-stress Latinx students, while school diversity lowers risk for high-stress Latinx students. These findings demonstrate how educational settings may produce or lessen minority stress.Ethn Dis. 2021;31(2):205- 216; doi:10.18865/ed.31.2.205

We review the stability and reliability results of kesterite (Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4, CZTSSe)-based solar cells and we complete the reviewed data with additional as yet unpublished data on these matters. We also review published and new data on upscaling and the possible technological applications for this material. Kesterite material is composed of mainly earth-abundant elements and is therefore very attractive for large-scale applications. Stability data are so far quite scarce and the main results are the accelerated aging tests carried out for CZTSSe monograin technology, as well as yet unpublished data on long indoor and outdoor irradiance tests carried out on thin-film CZTSSe technology deposited by a wet processing method. On upscaling and technological applications we point out the works on three main large-scale photovoltaic technologies (monograin, in-line vacuum thin film, and wet-deposited thin film), as well as some work on water-splitting applications. ; IMRA Europe and crystalsol thank their numerous co-workers for contributing to this work. The work carried out at cyrstalsol was partly supported by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund and Archimedes/DoRa project TK141. IMRA Europe, Midsummer and Ayesa acknowledge the European Commision for the funding of the kesterite research from 2017 by the H2020 program under the project STARCELL (H2020-NMBP-03-2016-720907).

Editamos y estudiamos las composiciones poéticas de un pliego suelto que forma parte de un volumen de la Biblioteca Comunale Augusta de Perugia catalogado bajo la signatura [I L 1402]. Aunque este impreso no indica ni la fecha ni el lugar ni el impresor, lo atribuimos a la tipografía valenciana de Joan Navarro hacia los años 1560-1561. Entre las cinco obras que transmite, destacan dos glosas de romances, una de Francisco de Argüello ("En la lid que es muy reñida") y otra que, aunque comienza "Queriendo Pirro vengar", en realidad se trata de una adaptación compuesta de dos estrofas iniciales hasta ahora desconocidas más cuatro estrofas de Villatoro ("Pues mis hados permitieron").

Introduction /Rosaria Conte, Giulia Andrighetto, and Marco Campennì --Loops in Social Dynamics /Giulia Andrighetto and Rosaria Conte --Agent-Based Social Simulation and Its Necessity for Understanding Socially Embedded Phenomena /Bruce Edmonds --How Are Norms Brought About? : A State of the Art of Current Research /Martin Neumann --Modeling Hume's Theory of Norm Emergence /Oliver Will and Rainer Hegselmann --Norms' Dynamics as a Complex Loop /Giulia Andrighetto and Rosaria Conte --Hunting for Norms in Unpredictable Societies /Marco Campennì [and others] --The Derivation of EMIL-S from EMIL-A /Ulf Lotzmann, Michael Möhring, and Klaus G. Troitzsch --Demonstrating the Theory /Maria Xenitidou [and others] --The Role of Norm Internalizers in Mixed Populations /Giulia Andrighetto, Daniel Villatoro, and Rosaria Conte --Summary and Conclusions /Rosaria Conte, Giulia Andrighetto, and Marco Campennì.

Altres ajuts: CSIC/PIFCOO-08-00017 ; El uso de simulación de agentes dirigida en arqueología tiene, relativamente, una larga tradición. Sin embargo, estas simulaciones han estado orientadas, principalmente, a estudiar los procesos espaciales y la gestión de los recursos y sistemáticamente han hecho caso omiso de un aspecto esencial de toda sociedad: el uso de las normas sociales e institucionales como mecanismo para regular el comportamiento de los individuos. En este artículo se propone una norma centrada en la simulación (en contraste con la simulación tradicional centrada en los recursos) donde el sistema normativo es a la vez el núcleo de la simulación y el objeto de estudio. Nuestro objetivo final es establecer las bases de un modelo general del comportamiento social de una sociedad cazadora-pescadora-recolectora (CPr) sin instituciones políticas, pero con estrictas normas sociales. ; The use of agent-directed simulation in archaeology has a relatively long tradition. However, these simulations have been always oriented mainly to study spatial processes and resource management and systematically ignore an essential aspect of any society: the use of social and institutional norms as a mechanism to regulate the behaviour of the individuals. In this paper we propose a norm-centric simulation (in contrast to the traditional resource-centric simulation) where the normative system is both the core of the simulation and the subject of study. Our final goal is to set the foundations of a rather general model of social behaviour in a hunter-fisher-gatherer (HFG) society without political institutions but with strict social norms.