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AbstractResearch has examined the impact of the "entrepreneurial university" on regional socioeconomic development by focusing on the entrepreneurial intentions and performance of alumni, staff, and students. The study of impact, to date, has focused on direct and short-term mechanisms, such as alumni's entrepreneurial activities, faculty spin-outs, and active public engagement with policy agendas. Our point of departure is in conceptualizing and empirically testing a longer-term and more systemic mechanism. We theorize and empirically test how the entrepreneurial university imprints on its graduates, some of whom take on leadership positions in innovation policymaking years later. We test this relationship by employing a text-as-data approach to examine the extent to which innovation policy leaders speak about startup-centric innovation, comparing the media coverage of entrepreneurial university alumni relative to their peers. Our original dataset comprises the 485 individuals who held senior innovation policy positions in East Asia's eleven largest economies from 1998 to 2019, detailing their educational background and media coverage (10,816 documents). We conceptualize the "alumni policymaker" mechanism, which constitutes entrepreneurial university alumni shaping the future of national innovation policy by referring to startup-centric innovation three times more than their peers. Those who completed MBAs at entrepreneurial universities express an even greater preference for startup-centric innovation policy.

SummaryGuam has experienced a dramatic socioeconomic development since the end of World War II, accompanied by one of the most rapid fertility declines on record. Although Guam has a very low mortality, comparable to that of the United States, its fertility is higher than in most countries with the same income level. It is suggested that the current high fertility results from the pro-natalist pressures associated with Roman Catholicism. The emigration of residents has been completely offset by immigration from the Orient and, to a lesser extent, the United States. Rural-to-urban migration, mainly from the south to the north, did not start until the late 1950s. Since the end of World War II, the military and alien population has accounted for approximately 40% of the total population and has had substantial demographic, political, and socioeconomic effects.

There are still debates in the scientific literature about the factors influencing countries&rsquo ; sustainable socioeconomic development. Therefore, the current article aims at determining the factors of sustainable socioeconomic development and assessing its level in the EU countries. The following methods were employed for the research: an evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). EDAS was used to reveal which countries have the highest level of sustainable socioeconomic development, and which have the lowest. The ranking was done based on the appraisal score, which is an outcome of EDAS. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was used for clustering the countries based on the appraisal scores in order to distinguish groups of countries having a similar level of sustainable socioeconomic development. The results revealed that the highest level of sustainable socioeconomic development is in Germany, and the lowest in Portugal. Based on HCA, the countries were divided into three groups. The first cluster&rsquo ; s countries have the weakest sustainable socioeconomic development, and countries assigned to the third cluster have the best. In the current research, the third cluster consists of one country, Germany, which supports the results obtained with the EDAS method, i.e., Germany is the country with the highest level of sustainable socioeconomic development in the EU.

Given that access to conventional financial services is rather limited, particularly in rural areas, microfinance serves as a significant driver of social and economic development. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of microfinance, with a focus on self-help groups (SHGs) and microfinance institutions (MFIs), in tackling poverty, women empowerment, and financial inclusion in India. This study, based on secondary sources and the analysis of such, shows that programs like the SHG-Bank Linkage Program have enabled low-income households to access credit and led to improved income generation and financial stability. Women, who comprise the majority of MFI clients, have particularly benefited, gaining greater empowerment and decisionmaking power within their households and communities. Despite these successes, however, challenges remain, such as regional differences in accessing microfinance resources and rising non-performing assets (NPAs), which were worsened by COVID-19. The study also highlights the immediate need for targeted interventions such as financial literacy programs, improved risk management, and digital financial solutions, in order to keep microfinance's role in inclusive growth.

The objective of this article was to examine the relationship between municipal socioeconomic development within the nine Brazilian states of the Legal Amazon and the emission of greenhouse gas, CO2e GWP-AR5. The hypothesis tested posited that a higher municipal development indicator would be associated with greater CO2e GWP-AR5 emissions in the atmosphere. The methodological approach comprised two stages: the first involved spatial analysis utilizing a heat map, while the second employed a multilevel model. The results revealed that the impact of municipal development on CO2e GWP-AR5 emissions varied depending on the state. The Legal Amazon region confronts substantial challenges concerning greenhouse gas emissions. Notably, alterations in land use have emerged as the primary contributor to emissions within this area, with deforestation representing a particularly devastating aspect. Effective governance of public policies in the Brazilian Legal Amazon region must promote agricultural practices that embrace sustainable techniques and methods.

One way of acquiring insight into the processes of political development in Latin America is to compare the countries of the area systematically in terms of the "degree of development" which each can be said to have attained. Ideally, such an enterprise can lead to the understanding of the past history of the "more developed" countries by reference to the present problems of the "less developed" while an understanding of the problems confronting the more developed countries can make possible a glimpse into the future of those now less developed. Isolation of the factors responsible for a state's being more or less developed can moreover prove instructive for the understanding of the relations between political and socioeconomic phenomena.Perhaps most important, such comparisons provide the means for holding constant effects attributable to characteristics shared by all, or nearly all, of the Latin American countries. Thus it can be argued with much plausibility that military intervention in politics, say, derives from elements in the Hispanic tradition. Yet it is clear that the frequency of military intervention varies from country to country, even where they share equally in that tradidition. Thus one is forced to go beyond the "Hispanic tradition" thesis with which the investigation might otherwise have come to rest.In the present article I will be concerned with the problem of the relation of political development to socioeconomic development in the Latin American context. For reasons that will become apparent below, I will not at this point attempt a rigorous analysis of the concept of political development, which has already been the subject of a large and rapidly growing literature.