Suchergebnisse

Equitable infrastructure provision in the less-developed world requires recognition of the needs of marginalized groups, such as the elderly. This paper explores issues relating to the use of household energy sources by the elderly in a rural village in the Western Cape province of South Africa, and focusses on perceptions of and barriers to electricity uptake. Whilst poor elderly persons are frequently involved in child care, and together with the young suffer most the negative health effects of indoor air pollution, their access to electricity is limited by constraints including affordability, status and custom. Electrification is considered by the South African Government of National Unity to be a vital development intervention and employment creator; yet the elderly tend to be excluded from the concrete benefits of development, and their construction and commentaries on energy issues often contain a critique of infrastructural development and the accompanying processes of social change. Rather than dismiss the elderlys attitudes towards electrification, it is important to look deeper into what their commentary tells us about missed opportunities, to ensure that development brings with it equitable access and outcomes to categories of people in need.

This research examines the elderly missing women phenomenon - masculinized sex ratios in the elderly population from a fourfold approach. First, it systematizes the causal factors responsible for missing women according to different stages of the female life course (before/at birth, childhood, young adulthood, adulthood and old age) to reveal an elderly missing women phenomenon. The categorization emphasizes that the majority of literature to date has focused on the first two stages while neglecting the cumulative impact of factors affecting missing women at later stages and especially old age. Second, it evaluates the elderly missing women phenomenon in all countries across Asia. It shows that while the missing women phenomenon is well researched in specific countries of East/Southeast Asia and South Asia, it is mostly ignored in the Middle Eastern region of Western Asia where the extent of the female deficit is worse. Further, even in the former regions the issue is mostly addressed at young ages. In light of the rapid ageing of Asia, this points to the necessity of changing the geographical focus of literature on missing women from younger to older age groups in East/Southeast and South Asia and place a greater emphasis on the Middle Eastern region as a whole. Third, using Pakistan as a case study, it considers whether the elderly missing women phenomenon observable in the elderly populations of some Asian countries may be the result of a second set of possible group effects, namely demographic shocks. An evaluation of conflicts and natural disasters throughout the history of Pakistan, however, reveals that the first set of group effects (i.e. factors across the life course) need to be given greater weightage in explaining the phenomenon. Finally, it examines the empirical strength of the factors, forces and exogenous shocks responsible for missing women by assigning variables to these causal machanisms and testing their strength at the cross national level. The results reveal that, when evaluated in an ordinary least squares framework, the number of variables that are significant increases when the elderly population versus the total population is used as the dependent variable. This shows that the true severity of the missing women phenomenon only becomes evident when evaluating the elderly missing women phenomenon because the latter considers the consequences of a female deficit from all life stages. By analyzing the elderly missing phenomenon in this manner, this research shows that the life course perspective is the ideal framework to analyze the missing women phenomenon in general and the elderly missing women phenomenon in particular.

In the next 20 years every country in Western Europe will see a rise in its total numbers of people aged over 60, and since old people are now living longer the proportion aged over 75 will also rise. Both physical and mental disorders become much more common between 60 and 75, so that if these old people are to be provided with accommodation and medical services at contemporary standards many more places will be needed in sheltered flats, nursing homes, and geriatric hospitals. Yet in the current economic recession most European countries are trying to cut back on public expenditure. How do politicians and administrators reconcile the conflict between the demands created by demographic change and the freeze on public spending? How will the care of the elderly change in response to this conflict? Tony Smith is examining the ways in which old people are looked after in several European countries and their plans for the future. This first article deals with Denmark.

To speak of the Romanian village today is to consider a reality of life populated more and more by elderly people and children whose parents work outside the home, in town, or even abroad. The quality of life of the elderly remaining in the village is, in this context, a major concern for the political authorities and religious leaders. Indeed, many studies have shown that taking into account the religious and spiritual dimension contributes to the well-being of seniors. Recent research in Switzerland has highlighted the fact that many elderly people who live in senior care facilities are interested in talking about death with someone they trust. This trusted person is not necessarily the priest or chaplain. For many residents, this role is given to someone within the elderly person"™s network of family and friends (spouse, daughter, niece, close friend, etc.),. What happens when this network is empty and the elderly person is more isolated? We propose to think about how these observations can be transposed into a practice of spiritual care adapted to the context of the Romanian village. Keywords: spiritual care, elderly, death, Romanian villages

Population structure in current Korea is characterized as "aging society". Under this aging society, the prompt and large-scale expansion of welfare for the elderly is required to meet the welfare demand. To figure out the factors influencing welfare spending, we test how the mobilization power of the elderly which could be instrument to improve their welfare benefits, and political factors such as political competition for a county headman, female share in a local assembly, and election year influence welfare spending for the elderly with 30 local governments for 2000 to 2007. Economic conditions, financial capacity of local governments, financial structural factor, and welfare demand are used as control variable. We find that GRDP, political competition, share of the elderly in population, welfare spending in the previous year, local tax, economic development spending and female share in local assembly influence welfare spending for the elderly. Unfortunately, mobilization power does not affect welfare spending in spite of their higher electoral participation. These results imply the mobilization power is not represented to political mechanism or decision making system, and economic development is the priority for local governments. Generalized Least Square is applied to analyze the model.

At the beginnings of the '80 in Łódź voivodship number of persons receiving social assistance benefits doubled, and – as authors indicate – they were mostly elderly who do not receive any retirement pensions or receiving them at the minimal statutory level, what makes them extremely poor. Taking these facts as a starting point authors describe living conditions of the elderly from the age cohort 70–74

The increase of the elderly within our population makes for increased chronic disease and, hence, greater use of sophisticated medications now available. This paper reviews current knowledge of the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics among elderly users of drugs and estimates the prevalence of use of prescribed drugs. Less is known of specifics of prescribing patterns, but evidence clearly suggests the strong influence of patient/doctor communication in compliance and control of side effects. There is little hard evidence on the populations considered at high risk for inappropriate prescribing and use and for side effects. The influence of race, socioeconomic class and age are all suggested Since drugs and their uses increase daily, it is important to investigate the area of high-risk populations in order to accumulate evidence which can lead to appropriate interventions.

By 2030, Singapore's elderly will make up a staggering 19% of the population. With such a large proportion of people becoming old, it is timely to pay some attention to the broad spectrum of legal issues surrounding elder. Several sociological and statistical studies have been done on the elderly Singapore, yet relatively little has been written on the law relating to them. Much of the present legislation which directly or indirectly addresses problems of the elderly in Singapore relate to their financial arrangements. Examples of these are provisions relating to withdrawal of Central Provident Fund (CPF) monies and the age of retirement. This article explores selected issues relating to financial support of Singapore's elderly, and highlights some aread in which the law does and can further play an effective role to safeguard their interests. Other equally important issues on housing, succession, divorce, capacity, elder abuse and crimes that impact the elderly are left for discusssion elsewhere.

First published in 1984, the title looks at the field of elderly care and domiciliary work from the perspective of social services. Starting with early influences that helped shape the development of Domiciliary Services, the author goes on to look at how the service has developed over the years and where it falls short.

The article analyzes consumer practices and strategies of elderly, substantiates the choice of a complex criterion for typologizing consumption strategies, including the main key indicators - economic and psychological characteristics of the choice of a course of action, self-assessment of life satisfaction, the orientation of social expectations. The choice of these indicators is due to the appropriateness of their application in the study of the relationships between consumer behavior, inequality and well-being of older people. The approbation of the complex criterion in the model of the matrix of consumer behavior styles is implemented on the data of sociological surveys of people aged 55+ living in cities and rural areas of the Tomsk region, conducted in 2015 and 2019 within the framework of the scientific project "Assessment and improvement of social, economic and emotional well-being of the elderly" of the International Scientific Educational Laboratory for the Improvement of Wellbeing Technologies of Older Adults at Tomsk Polytechnic University. The analysis of sociological data made it possible to identify the relationship between material well-being and the subjective position of an elderly person, which fixes a certain consumer style. The study also revealed the influence of the factor of the use of electronic technologies on the consumer behavior of the elderly.

OBJECTIVE--To emphasise that tetanus still occurs in the United Kingdom, particularly in elderly people-as illustrated by two case reports-and to examine the state of tetanus immunity in elderly people. METHODS--111 elderly people (over 65 years) were studied: 43 males, mean age 77.7 years, range 67-94; 68 females, mean age 81.3 years, range 67-95. They were either attending the accident service or were hospital inpatients. An attempt was made to obtain an immunisation history and antitetanus antibody titres were measured. RESULTS--Immunisation history was uncertain and unreliable. Measurement of antibody titres showed that they were inadequate to ensure protection in 50% of those studied. Low levels were particularly prevalent in the over 80 age group and in females. Questioning about military service confirmed that this had predominantly involved males. CONCLUSIONS--Elderly people are at risk of contracting tetanus and should be targeted for community immunisation. Extra precautions in the form of passive immunisation with human anti-tetanus immunoglobulin should be used in this age group in addition to the usual wound management measures when the elderly sustain tetanus prone injuries.