Suchergebnisse

Money laundering and terrorism financing are serious and internationally emerging issues that must be approached and confronted at European Union level. The latest terrorist attacks and periodic banking scandals highlight the necessity for additional attention in this particular direction. In regard to the internal EU market, financial flows are integrated and trans-border by nature, thus funds can circulate rapidly, from one country to another, offering the possibility to perpetrators and terrorists to transfer money across Member State avoiding detection by authorities. This specific situation generates the necessity to identify and understand the particular ML/TF risks generated by services and products offered within the EU economic and financial ecosystem. In order to ensure an efficient mechanism for identifying the ML/TF risks associated with the products and services provided on the territory of European Union, the 4AMLD provides the obligation of the EU Commission to perform once in two years the so-called European Union Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing Supranational Risk
Assessment. Since 2017 two supra-national risk assessments were carried out and the final results are used by Member States to monitor the evolution of risks at Union level and to implement the necessary recommendation for ensuring a proper minimization of threats and vulnerabilities at the national level. This paper aims to analyze, understand and compare the main outcomes of the two assessments, namely the identified risks and their links with vulnerable sectors, as well as the evolution or devolution of certain risks as a result of mitigation measures applied by EU Member States. Another task of this article is to provide additional recommendations in terms of mitigating measures and efforts, which must be taken into account by Member States

The article analyzes the effectiveness of preventive anti-corruption measures in the countries of the European Union EU. The study involved comparison and forecasting methods. The results showed that the EU is leading its efforts to develop anti-corruption legislative initiatives and their implementation at national and international level. Whistle-blower protection laws adopted in EU countries are important tools for exposing illegal activities committed in organizations. Transparency of public administration in Denmark and Finland contributes to the maintenance of moral and legal standards in society. The Danish Code of Conduct in the Public Sector and the Finnish Anti-Corruption Guide for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises have become documents that help promote corruption-free business relationships. The Finnish Harmaa (gray) project is an example of how data analytics helps law enforcement agencies process large volumes of data to prevent corruption offenses. It is concluded that the initiatives of EU countries to prevent corruption of officials can become an example for Ukraine during post-war recovery.

Intro -- TERRORISM ISSUES, POLICIES AND LEGISLATION -- TERRORISM ISSUES, POLICIES AND LEGISLATION -- Contents -- Preface -- Analysis of Selected Legislative Proposals Addressing Guantanamo Detainees -- Summary -- Introduction -- Legislative Proposals in the 111th Congress -- Bills Requiring or Delaying Closure -- Bills Restricting Transfer to or Release in the United States -- Bills Permitting Detainee Transfer to the United States -- Bills Relating to Interrogation, Treatment, or Prosecution -- Bills Addressing Executive Authority to Detain Enemy Combatants and Judicial Authority to Hear Habeas Corpus Claims -- Conclusion -- Amendments to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act Set to Expire in 2009 -- Summary -- Overview -- "Lone Wolf" Terrorists -- Historical Context -- Legislative Responses -- Sunset -- Roving Wiretaps -- Background -- Section 206 and "Other Persons" -- Particularity Requirement of the Fourth Amendment -- Sunset -- Access to Business Records Under FISA -- Background -- Expansion of Scope of Documents Subject to FISA -- Changes to the Standard of Review -- Nondisclosure and Judicial Review -- DOJ OIG Report -- Sunset -- Proposed Legislation in the 111th Congress -- Enemy Combatant Detainees: Habeas Corpus Challenges in Federal Court -- Summary -- Introduction -- Early Developments in the Detention and Trial of Enemy Combatants Captured in the "War on Terror -- Rasul v. Bush -- Combatant Status Review Tribunals -- Pre-Boumediene v. Bush Court Challenges to the Detention Policy -- Khalid v. Bush -- In re Guantanamo Detainee Cases -- Hamdan v. Rumsfeld -- Jurisdiction -- Presidential Authority -- The Geneva Conventions and the Law of War -- Analysis -- Al-Marri -- Detainee Treatment Act of 2005 (DTA) -- The Military Commissions Act of 2006 (MCA) -- Provisions Affecting Court Jurisdiction.

The events of September 11, 2001 drastically altered the political climate in North America. The atmosphere of fear, mainly instilled by the hegemonic influence of American mass media outlets and government, allowed the Canadian government to take advantage of citizen unease and pass controversial legislation, such as the Anti-Terrorism Act (2001) and the Combating Terrorism Act (2013). This critical analysis attempts to divulge into the root meaning of "terror†in order to unpack the motivations of terrorism, and understand how it really operates. Particular attention is placed on the role of the media and the Canadian and American governments in instilling a psychological phenomenon of terror into society. This article seeks to answer whether terrorism poses any real threat to North Americans, and whether the legislation passed by the Canadian government stands up to the Charter of Rights and Freedoms and democracy itself.