Suchergebnisse

Includes abstract. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 318-329). ; This study explores the different ways in which married women in Kampala, Uganda are unable to become homeowners during marriage and at widowhood. In the process, the study also explores the special mechanisms through which married women became homeowners through marriage and at widowhood. The study was premised on the assumption that gender inequality in homeownership exists and persists in Uganda in spite of urbanization, increase in information flow, education and income of women. Although married women live in a home with their husband, they do not actually own the home. As a result, women tend to be users rather than owners. Although one would expect statutory law to guarantee married women home ownership rights during marriage, this is not the case. While Uganda's state policy states that every citizen has the right to own property, in particular houses, there is no legal framework that guarantees married women equal ownership rights of the home. The current Marriage and Divorce Acts are not clear on the benefits of the married woman in the matrimonial home during marriage and divorce. At divorce the married woman's benefits in the matrimonial home is at the discretion of the judge who determines the percentage of a married woman's entitlement to the matrimonial home upon proof of evidence the married woman presents. The Domestic Relations Bill that would address the unequal gender relations in homeownership and probably guarantee married women benefits in the matrimonial home has never been passed. Though a number of NGOs and civil society organizations have lobbied Parliament to pass the Domestic Relations Bill, no progress has been made. Similarly, while one would expect a widow to automatically inherit the matrimonial home upon the death of her husband, intestate law of succession guarantees the widow only user rights of the home until she dies or remarries. The matrimonial home belongs to the eldest son of the diseased. Although the Constitutional Court recently declared some of the clauses in intestate succession law unconstitutional, Parliament is yet to come up with a new succession law. The research applied Hirdman's gender system and contract theory to explain the complex gender dynamics in homeownership. The study explores the relationship between married women and their husbands and unmarried women and married male adulterers. The analysis of married women dynamics highlights the different gender contracts that exist between married and unmarried women. Two suburban middleincome areas, namely Banda and Kiwatule were chosen from which urban women were identified and interviewed about the challenges they face to become homeowners in their own right. The study was based on purely a qualitative design. The data were collected through life stories of unmarried women, married couples, and widows. The study reveals that while married men adulterers are not concerned to have their names included on the title deeds of their female lovers' homes, ironically married men ensure that the matrimonial home is solely registered in their names regardless of whether or not their wives contribute to the construction costs. Married women were unable to become homeowners due to lack of regular income, lack of awareness, and patriarchal male cultural beliefs. The study reveals that it is only under special circumstances that married women are able to become homeowners an indication of male dominancy in home ownership. In some cases married women are able to become homeowners when a husband is absent at the time of purchase and registration of the plot of land on which the matrimonial home is built. In other cases married women become homeowners when their husbands need their income as a contribution to the home project or when they are in a financial crisis. Married women with nothing to contribute to the home project find it difficult to negotiate for homeownership rights. Divorce and separation case laws show that married women whose names do not appear on the title deed are at the mercy of the Court for beneficial rights in the home. However, in cases where the married woman moves out and leaves behind the husband in the home, it becomes difficult to evict him even when the court rules in her favour.

AbstractFamily businesses are increasingly recognized for their significance in the global economy, constituting a growing portion of companies worldwide and elevating the importance of this topic on governmental agendas. Unique challenges confront family firms, intertwining business decisions with familial repercussions. Among these challenges, the succession process emerges as a critical threat to their continuity. Inadequate solutions to the question of succession often lead to organizational failure, underscoring the urgency of addressing this issue. This study endeavors to construct an analysis model to support decision-makers throughout the succession journey, integrating a constructivist approach that merges cognitive mapping and interpretive structural modeling (ISM). This dual methodology facilitates the swift identification and analysis of factors crucial for smoother family business succession. The model development leverages insights from an expert panel and entails delineating cause-and-effect relationships among identified determinants and prioritizing these factors based on their significance. Subsequently, the model undergoes validation through a consolidation session with experts from the Associação de Empresas Familiares (i.e., Family Business Association in Portuguese), who assess its practical applicability. This includes perspectives from a Brazilian expert renowned for his understanding of family business dynamics within an emerging economy—Brazil. The insights gleaned from these sessions inform recommendations on implementing the tested procedures within real-life family enterprises, thereby contributing to the sustainability and longevity of these businesses.

Abstract
A large proportion of the Asian business community in Britain is experiencing generational succession for the first time. [Within the context of this paper Asian refers to businesses whose founders originate from the Indian sub‐continent.] This paper explores the impact of transition within this group by incorporating family dynamics and influencing cultural factors.
Successional transition within family businesses is acknowledged as a turbulent period. Most academic work on succession originates from Anglo‐Saxon research polarizing the family and business.
Typical approaches to succession are grounded in stage development models. This paper argues that succession is a process that cannot be guided by adopting such approaches due to the interaction of family and business.
This paper proposes 'Good Conversations' (Bird, 1990) as a means of preparing to negotiate succession. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Examines the problems of nationalism and state building in the post-communist context and the general relationship between national identity and political formations. Includes a history of Ukrainian nationalist movements.

International audience ; Many systems exhibit a phase where the order parameter is spatially modulated. These patterns can be the result of a frustration caused by the competition between interaction forces with opposite effects. In all models with local interactions, these ordered phases disappear in the strong segregation regime (low temperature). It is expected however that these phases should persist in the case of long range interactions, which can't be correctly described by a Ginzburg-Landau type model with only a finite number of spatial derivatives of the order parameter. An alternative approach is to study the dynamics of the phase transition or pattern formation. While, in the usual process of Ostwald ripening, succession of doubling of the domain size leads to a total segregation, or macro-segregation, C. Misbah and P. Politi have shown that long-range interactions could cause an interruption of this coalescence process, stabilizing a pattern which then remains in a micro-structured state or super-crystal. We show that this is the case for a modified Cahn-Hilliard dynamics due to Oono which includes a non local term and which is particularly well suited to describe systems with a modulated phase.

It is well-recognised that to achieve long-term sustainable and resilient land management we need to understand the coupled dynamics of social and ecological systems. Land use change scenarios will often aim to understand (i) the behaviours of land management, influenced by direct and indirect drivers, (ii) the resulting changes in land use and (iii) the environmental implications of these changes. While the literature in this field is extensive, approaches to parameterise coupled systems through integration of empirical social science based models and ecology based models still need further development. We propose an approach to land use dynamics modelling based on the integration of behavioural models derived from choice experiments and spatially explicit systems dynamics modelling. This involves the specification of a choice model to parameterise land use behaviour and the integration with a spatial habitat succession model. We test this approach in an upland socio-ecological system in the United Kingdom. We conduct a choice experiment with land managers in the Peak District National Park. The elicited preferences form the basis for a behavioural model, which is integrated with a habitat succession model to predict the landscape level vegetation impacts. The integrated model allows us to create projections of how land use may change in the future under different environmental and policy scenarios, and the impact this may have on landscape vegetation patterns. We illustrate this by showing future projection of landscape changes related to hypothetical changes to EU level agricultural management incentives. The advantages of this approach are (i) the approach takes into account potential environmental and management feedbacks, an aspect often ignored in choice modelling, (ii) the behavioural rules are revealed from actual and hypothetical choice data, which allow the research to test the empirical evidence for various determinants of choice, (iii) the behavioural choice models generate probabilities of ...

The research discussed the literature on family business in four Southeast Asian countries, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. The four countries were selected as case studies to contextualize the southeast Asian family business context. In addition, the research perceived that the four countries have similar sociocultural characteristics, potentially providing similar attributes to how family businesses establish and grow. Drawing from literature collected from the Scopus database through the keywords "family business," "Indonesia," "Malaysia," "Thailand," and "Singapore," the research provided the dynamics of knowledge production through systemic literature review. A narrative literature review was implemented to provide a high level of abstraction to the literature on family business differences and similarities. The findings show that the theme of succession was widely discussed in the literature. Succession in all four countries still prioritizes members of the family as successors. However, literature in Indonesia provides a more in-depth understanding of the way succession works. The research enriches the present discussion and provides insights for researchers on the research gap in family business issues. At a practical level, the research provides insight for professionals who work in the sector to gain insight into how family businesses work to maintain their entrepreneurial spirit.

Degradation of natural and semi-natural landscapes has become a matter of global concern including for habitats in Western and Central Europe. For maintenance and restoration of grasslands belonging to the most species-rich biotopes in Central Europe, elaborate manage-ment is crucial. The Eifel National Park contains vast areas of semi-natural grasslands on the plateau Dreiborner Hochfläche in the area of the former military training site Vogelsang. To support decision-making for the management of this area, we built the GraS-Model (Grassland Succession Model), which mechanistically simulates the dynamics of grassland vegetation depending on the form of land use. When dealing with a complex landscape, entities acting at different scales have to be considered. While trees can be distinguished as single individuals, grasses and herbs are rather perceived as the sum of plants building up a certain cover. To cope with these unequal plant types, the GraS-Model is set up using a multimodeling approach. Representative species and plant functional groups of the herbaceous layer are modeled as compartments; their abundance is expressed as cover and only vegetative spread is considered. Difference equations are used to simulate their growth, which is adjusted using Briemle's utilization numbers for cutting, grazing and trampling. Competitive power arises from the growth rate of each species in relation to that of the others. Herbaceous species growth was calibrated based on an extensive community data set of the study site. Trees, in contrast, are modeled using an individual-based approach. Each individual tree germinates, grows, disperses seeds, and ages in a spatially-explicit environment. As factors determining wood encroachment, inhibition by the grasslayer, interference of wild boar (Sus scrofa) and of ungulate browsers is considered. The plants are embedded in a landscape that is simulated as a detailed grid (100 m² cells), which allows inserting spatially-explicit input data from a GIS (geographic information ...

Context The fluctuating fortunes of the brush-tailed bettong have seen this species classified as 'Rare or Likely to Become Extinct' in the 1970s, delisted and hailed as a conservation success in the 1990s, and re-listed as 'Critically Endangered' in 2008. Key actions to recover this species, broad-scale fox control and reintroduction to fox-free habitat, have had variable success. Aims To monitor the reintroduction of bettong to fox-free habitat of Wadderin Sanctuary in the eastern wheatbelt of Western Australia. Methods Growth of the population was monitored over a 12-year period by regular trapping throughout the sanctuary. Key results The population increased monotonically to peak at 305 individuals (0.71 ha−1) at 7.5 years following release, before subsequent decline. Population growth was accompanied by a significant decline in mean condition and a reduction in the proportion of females with pouch young or lactating, presumably owing to resources per head gradually declining. The proportion of large pouch young relative to total young carried by females declined as woylie numbers increased, suggesting that, increasingly, pouch young did not go to full term. Declines in population number, condition and reproduction were exacerbated by dry seasons. Bettongs established successfully, despite a succession of single feral cats within the 427-ha sanctuary. The removal of the last cat, 8 years following the establishment of bettongs, had no obvious impact on bettong numbers, as, at this point, their population was stabilising because of declining body condition and reduced reproductive output. Conclusions The observed pattern of population growth of bettongs was consistent with an herbivore irruption consequent of a release of a species to new habitat. Decline following peak numbers appeared as a result of density-dependent resource limitation (declining resources per head with increased abundance) interacting with years of low rainfall. Implications The dynamics of irruption and decline of herbivores are relevant to management of reintroduced populations to fenced predator-free sites and, potentially, to unfenced populations following release from predation.

Croatia is under shock: Two commissioned murders, with obvious political links to the Mafia, have been carried out in quick succession on the streets of the country. Today, some eight years after the beginning of the 'second transformation' during which the country shifted from a semi-autocratic presidential system to parliamentary democracy, and shortly before the conclusion of negotiations on Croatia's accession to the EU, nobody would have reckoned with this kind of Mafia-style score-settling. The resulting wave of indignation will force the Croatian government, after years of passivity, to take the offensive and to adopt substantial reforms. This task requires nothing less than the political neutralization of influential figures. These individuals, who established excellent links to the political class during the war, are still present in some 'coordinating points of power.' Yet, part of this pressure for reform comes from the outside too: Shortly before the publication of the EU Commission's progress report, the government had to demonstrate its good faith. It removed the Interior and Justice Ministers, in order to allay French, German and Dutch reservations regarding Croatia's accession to the EU

Institutional theories of 'local area effects' hypothesise that local area differences in organisational resources are an important feature of inequality in individuals' residential environments. However, while the organisational dimension of local areas has been identified as an important research priority within urban sociology, empirical work remains limited, with charitable organisations particularly under-researched. Therefore, a key question remains unanswered: why do charities in more deprived local areas have higher dissolution rates, reinforcing a lower prevalence of charities compared with less deprived areas? This article focuses on this research problem. It shows that volunteer leadership succession is less prominent in more deprived local areas, and that this more limited leadership succession helps explain why charities in more deprived areas experience higher dissolution rates. The results promote understanding of a mechanism underlying local area differences in organisational dynamics that lead to persistent differences in institutional resources between more and less deprived local areas.

На основе известных положений системного подхода рассматриваются некоторые узловые вопросы сукцессионных преобразований на биогеоценотическом (экосистемном), фитоценотическом, микроценотическом и популяционном структурных уровнях на примере послепожарных сукцессий в широколиственно-кедровых и темнохвойно-кедровых лесах Сихотэ-Алиня. В исследованиях на биогеоценотическом уровне использованы индикационные методы, основанные на анализе градиентов ведущих факторов среды по блокам индикаторных видов и региональным экологическим шкалам. Основное внимание на фитоценотическом уровне изучения сукцессий уделено вопросам видового и ценотипического состава сообществ. На микроценотическом уровне рассматривали вопросы преобразования основных элементов мозаики фитоценозов (синузий и микроценозов) и их эквивалента в биогеоценозах (парцелл). На популяционном уровне устанавливали онтогенетические состояния растений разных видов и возрастную структуру ценопопуляций, рассмотрена динамика всхожих семян, находящихся в латентном онтогенетическом состоянии в подстилке и почве.
Based on the well-known provisions of the general theory of systems, some key issues of successional transformations at the biogeocenotic (ecosystem), phytocenotic, microcenotic and population structural levels are considered on the example of post-fire successions in broad-leaved Korean Pine and dark coniferous Korean Pine forests of Sikhote-Alin. In research at the biogeocenotic level, long-term regime observations of individual environmental factors were used, as well as indicative methods based on the analysis of gradients of leading environmental factors by groups of indicator species, blocks of diagnostic species according to the Brown-Blanke ecological and floristic approach and regional ecological scales. The main attention at the phytocenotic level of the study of successions was paid to the issues of spatial structure, species and cenotypic composition of communities, dynamics of the number and productivity of communities. At the microcenotic level, the issues of transformation of the main elements of the mosaic of phytocenoses (synusions and microcenoses) and their equivalents in biogeocenoses (parcels) are considered. Ontogenetic states and the age structure of cenopopulations were established at the population level.

Nowadays remote sensing is a well-established method and technique of providing data. The current development shows the availability of systems with very high geometric resolution for the monitoring of vegetation. At the same time, however, the value of temporally high-resolution data is underestimated, particularly in applications focusing on the detection of short-term changes. These can be natural processes like natural disasters as well as changes caused by anthropogenic interventions. These include economic activities such as forestry, agriculture or mining but also processes which are intended to convert previously used areas into natural or near-natural surfaces. The Königsbrücker Heide is a former military training site located about 30 km north of the Saxon state capitol Dresden. After the withdrawal of the Soviet forces in 1992 and after nearly 100 years of military use this site was declared as nature reserve in 1996. The management of the whole protection area is implemented in three different management zone. Based on MODIS-NDVI time series between 2000 and 2016 different developments are apparent in the nature development zone and the zone of controlled succession. Nevertheless, the analyses also show that short-term changes, so called breaks in the vegetation development cannot be described using linear trend models. The complete understanding of vegetation trends is only given if discontinuities in vegetation development are considered. Structural breaks in the NDVI time series can be found simultaneously in the whole study area. Hence it can be assumed that these breaks have a more natural character, caused for example by climatic conditions like temperature or precipitation. Otherwise, especially in the zone of controlled succession structural breaks can be detected which cannot be traced back to natural conditions. Final analyses of the spatial distribution of breakpoints as well as their frequency depending on the respective protection zone allow a detailed view to vegetation development in the Köonigsbrüucker Heide.