Suchergebnisse

Der Beitrag thematisiert die Intellektuellenfrage der sozialistischen Theorie anhans des Werkes von A. Gramsci. Zentrale These ist dabei, daß sich die politische Bedeutung der Intellektuellen bei Gramsci aus der langfristigen Krisendynamik kapitalistischer Gesellschaften und unmittelbaren historischen Ereignissen, insbesondere der Oktoberrevolution und dem italienischen Faschismus ergibt, weil in beiden historischen Situationen die Intellektuellen oder Experten und Organisatoren im Zentrum der Politik standen. Die aktuelle Entwicklungsdynamik moderner industriekapitalistischer Gesellschaften wird unter dem Gesichtspunkt aufgenommen, daß gesellschaftliche Arbeitsteilung und organisatorisch-institutionelle Differenzierung im Zuge eines Organisationsprozesses des Kapitalismus die soziale Bedeutung bzw. Rolle der Intellektuellen immens steigen und gleichzeitig deren Verhältnis zu Volk und Arbeiterklasse verklompizieren. Gerade angesichts der Rasanz ökonomischtechnologischer Innovation im Rahmen umfassender Modernisierungskonzepte wird die Bildung neuer Gruppen von Intellektuellen, die sich an sozialistischen Strategien und ihren Trägern orientieren, sowie eine neue Organisation von wissenschaftlichem Wissen als notwendig erachtet. (MB)

Outside and Inside History -- Nationalism in the Age of Revolution -- Building Nations in the Age of Capital -- Waving Flags in the Age of Empire -- Do Workers Have a Country? -- Inventing National Traditions -- The Production of National Traditions -- Ethnicity Migration and the NationState -- WorkingClass Internationalism -- Defining nationalism: The Problems -- The State Ethnicity and Religion -- The Celtic Fringe -- The Limits of Nationalism -- Tower of Babel -- The Unconvincing 'Sociobiology' of Nationalism -- State of the Nations -- Are All Tongues Equal? -- Falklands Fallout -- Benefits of Diaspora Jews -- The Jews and Germany -- Ethnicity and Nationalism -- The Perils of the New Nationalism -- Reframing Nationalism.

A review essay of a book by Robert Service, 'Comrades! A History of World Communism', (Harvard University Press, 2007).

Ideologies that appear to have intrinsic similarities are often at odds with one another. This was the case in 20th-century Russian society -- a society divided between Western capitalism & slavophile socialism. Out of this conflict emerged "developmental socialism" as an ideology of modernization. The end goal of "developmental socialism" was a socialist society, but it was recognized that industrialization was necessary. Thus, a variant of communism emerged alongside another variant of socialism -- social democracy. This form of socialism allowed market societies to become part of the socialist ideology. Social democracy also recognized the need to defend such values as equality, feminism, & workers' rights. Following WWI, socialist parties were forced to become less isolationist. The barriers that separated socialism from other ideologies were eliminated, yet the differences between socialism & capitalism were still apparent. Modern socialism's chief success following WWII was its ability to prevent the spread of market capitalism; yet, herein also lies its failure. While social democratic systems may keep market capitalism from encroaching on their own borders, they cannot prevent it from spreading to the remainder of the world. K. Larsen

THE REFORMIST PROGRAM OF SOCIALISTS REQUIRED A STRONG STATE BUT IT ALSO PROMULGATED A VIGOROUS INDIVIDUALISM. THIS ESSAY EXAMINES THE REASONS BEHIND THE VICTORY OF THE REVISIONIST POSITION AND ITS CHANCES OF SURVIVING IN AN ERA OF GLOBAL MARKETS AND IN A POLITICAL CLIMATE IN WHICH THE USE OF THE TERM SOCIALISM IS SEEN AS POLITICALLY EXPEDIENT.