Suchergebnisse

Journalistic autonomy has been studied more frequently in countries with secure democracies in terms of journalists' perceptions of freedom and independence to work in the midst of the controls, pressures, and influences perceived in the newsrooms. Based on objective variables and on a national survey completed by 546 Colombian journalists, this article examines how inequality, violence, and insecurity affect their perceived autonomy to develop and publish news. Using regression analysis and statistical mediation, it was found that political and economic influences intervene in the relationship between aggressions against journalists and the decrease in journalistic autonomy. This decrease is strongest when violence comes internally from the work environment and when gender inequalities, homicides, and insecurity are connected to newsrooms. In the conclusion, recommendations are offered for future studies and postagreements of peace in Colombia.

Journalistic autonomy has been studied more frequently in countries with secure democracies in terms of journalists' perceptions of freedom and independence to work in the midst of the controls, pressures, and influences perceived in the newsrooms. Based on objective variables and on a national survey completed by 546 Colombian journalists, this article examines how inequality, violence, and insecurity affect their perceived autonomy to develop and publish news. Using regression analysis and statistical mediation, it was found that political and economic influences intervene in the relationship between aggressions against journalists and the decrease in journalistic autonomy. This decrease is strongest when violence comes internally from the work environment and when gender inequalities, homicides, and insecurity are connected to newsrooms. In the conclusion, recommendations are offered for future studies and postagreements of peace in Colombia.

This article attempts to explain the relationships between journalists, politics and the state from the perspective of collective autonomy, that of the professional organization of journalists. The case of Estonian Journalists' Union demonstrates the complexity and historical contingency of professional autonomy of journalism. The development of the Estonian journalists' organization occurred as a sequence of transformations from the Estonian Journalists' Association to the Estonian Journalists' Union to the Soviet type journalists' union, and lastly to an independent trade union. This sequence was disrupted by several fatal breakdowns that changed not only the character of the association, but also professional values, the whole occupational ideology and the conditions of the existence of journalism as a profession in Estonia.

AbstractThis study examined the degree of perceived editorial autonomy possessed by journalists working in the Amhara Media Corporation (AMC) in determining the emphasis of news stories. It also identifies the factors that exert the greatest influence on journalists' decision‐making regarding story selection, source determination and framing the news following the 2018 political reform, in Ethiopia using the "hierarchy‐of‐influences" model. The research employed a sequential explanatory mixed method approach, using stratified random sampling to survey 152 participants, and purposive sampling to conduct in‐depth interviews with 7 selected journalists. The quantitative data indicates that journalists' autonomy at AMC remains restricted. On the other hand, the qualitative data divulges that the extent of professional autonomy among AMC journalists is contingent upon the support received from assigned managers and by the political climate of the country. As a result, the professional autonomy experienced by journalists at AMC is subject to situational factors and fluctuating. Furthermore, procedural, professional, organizational, and political influences are found with the most decisive influence, respectively.

The paper is an attempt to assess the impact of New Public Management (NPM) — inspired reforms on the trade-off between bureaucratic professional autonomy and political control. It investigates the extent to which administrative reforms have affected traditional political and administrative roles, based upon an empirical account of the main changes in the Italian Senior Civil Service. The Italian central government was involved in a significant NPM reform process during the 1990s, which introduced the principle of the separation of administration and politics. The separation of politics and administration has paradoxically resulted in the search for new forms of political control and mechanisms of integration between political and bureaucratic elites. The gradual introduction of reforms combined with attempts to obtain a more responsive bureaucracy by increasing political control seems to have had a positive effect on the level of professionalisation of the Italian Senior Civil Service.

This article contributes to the limited research on solo self-employed (SSE) workers, who strive to collectively address social and labour rights issues while preserving their autonomy. It examines a unique case within the French context, the Syndicat National des Artistes Plasticien·nes (SNAP), a trade union created in 1977 within the Confédération Générale du Travail (CGT) to represent self-employed visual artists. Through extensive ethnographic research conducted both online and offline, the study explores how SSE artists organise collectively to improve their access to social rights while protecting their autonomy, which is particularly crucial for creative workers. The findings show how SSE workers can unite to advocate for social protection while redefining the promise of professional autonomy embedded in the so-called 'enterprise culture'. Additionally, it sheds light on an early example of SSE workers organising, which may provide useful insights for other groups of SSE workers, who are rapidly growing across Europe.

Chapter 1: History of the Corporatization of American Medicine: The Market Paradigm Reigns -- Chapter 2: Pharmaceuticals, Hospitals, Nursing Homes, Drug Store Chains, and Pharmacy Benefit Manager/Insurer Integration -- Chapter 3: Medical Practice: From Cottage Industry to Corporate Practice -- Chapter 4: Medical Malpractice Crisis: Oversight of the Practice of Medicine -- Chapter 5: Big Data: Information Technology as Control over the Profession of Medicine -- Chapter 6: Physician Employment Status: Collective Bargaining and Strikes -- Chapter 7: Conclusion: Progressive Directions.

This article utilises Foucauldian understandings of the sociology of the professions to explore how marketising reforms to probation services in England and Wales, and the implementation of a 'Payment by Results' (PbR) mechanism in particular, have impacted professional autonomy. Drawing on an ethnographic study of a probation office within a privately owned Community Rehabilitation Company, it argues that an inability to control the socio-economic organisation of probation work has rendered the service susceptible to challenges to autonomy over technique. PbR was proffered as a means to restore practitioner discretion; however, the article demonstrates that probation staff have been compelled to economise their autonomy, adapting their conduct to conform to market-related forms of accountability. In this sense, it presents the Transforming Rehabilitation reforms to probation as a case study of the impact of marketisation on the autonomy of practitioners working within a public sector profession.

Over the last decades, western mental healthcare has increasingly been governed by market and bureaucratic principles. As a consequence, therapists are faced with conflicting demands and decreased autonomy. This study examines how they cope and whether their strategies suffice. Drawing on the direct experience of therapists through interviews, we demonstrate that psychologists have become quite skilled at balancing and navigating bureaucratic and market demands that were at odds with professionalism. However, when they were structurally faced with bureaucratic and market demands that were already irreconcilable with each other, these skills fell short. Trying to meet all requirements took up so much of their resources that sometimes, professional reasoning and agency disappeared altogether. In some cases, this led to detachment, burnout, and patient neglect. Our findings suggest that the public interest in having a well-functioning mental healthcare system requires more room for professional autonomy.

BackgroundMany interventions used in health care lack evidence of effectiveness and may be unnecessary or even cause harm, and should therefore be de-implemented. Lists of such ineffective, low-value practices are common, but these lists have little chance of leading to improvements without sufficient knowledge regarding how de-implementation can be governed and carried out. However, decisions regarding de-implementation are not only a matter of scientific evidence; the puzzle is far more complex with political, economic, and relational interests play a role. This project aims at exploring the governance of de-implementation of low-value practices from the perspectives of national and regional governments and senior management at provider organizations.MethodsTheories of complexity science and organizational alignment are used, and interviews are conducted with stakeholders involved in the governance of low-value practice de-implementation, including national and regional governments (focusing on two contrasting regions in Sweden) and senior management at provider organizations. In addition, an ongoing process for governing de-implementation in accordance with current recommendations is followed over an 18-month period to explore how governance is conducted in practice. A framework for the governance of de-implementation and policy suggestions will be developed to guide de-implementation governance.DiscussionThis study contributes to knowledge about the governance of de-implementation of low-value care practices. The study provides rich empirical data from multiple system levels regarding how de-implementation of low-value practices is currently governed. The study also makes a theoretical contribution by applying the theories of complexity and organizational alignment, which may provide generalizable knowledge about the interplay between stakeholders across system levels and how and why certain factors influence the governance of de-implementation. The project employs a solution-oriented perspective by developing a framework for de-implementation of low-value practices and suggesting practical strategies to improve the governance of de-implementation. The framework and strategies can thereafter be evaluated for validity and impact in future studies. ; Funding Agencies|Swedish Research Council for Health, Working life and Welfare (FORTE) [2018-01557]