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"This book critically explores the development and resistance dynamics generated by conflicting forces of social change in Latin America. In the current climate of worldwide capitalist development, Latin America is caught between left-leaning proposals for progressive policies towards a more inclusive form of development, and the re-emergence of harsh austerity measures, neoliberal reforms and right-wing populism. Divided into two parts, this book first provides a retrospective analysis of these forces of change, which are inherently tied up in politics on both an international and a domestic scale. The second part goes on to focus on forward-looking challenges, particularly as relates to the worldview and vision of alternative realities embedded in the indigenous notion of Vivir Bien - the concept of 'living well' in social solidarity and harmony with nature. This idea has radically transformed the thinking about 'development', which has traditionally revolved around the policy and institutional dynamics associated with the evolution of capitalism as a world system. The notion of Vivir Bien takes us beyond the world of development as we know it, into what might be understood as a form of 'postdevelopment'. Looking hopefully towards this future of development, this collection offers an essential analysis of the vortex of social change currently consuming Latin America and is key reading for advanced scholars and researchers in the field"--

PurposeThis paper aims to describe the product development process (PDP) of companies in the textile industry, seeking to understand the dynamics of their management from different actors along the production chain.Design/methodology/approachQualitative empirical research adopted a multiple case studies design in five large Brazilian organizations, each representing a link in the production chain.FindingsTextile PDP follows structured steps. However, it is still an informal process. The use of methodologies and tools for decision-making and control gates throughout the process is limited. Performance indicators do not cover all dimensions of the PDP since sales and profit are the main parameters for assessing projects. The predevelopment macro phase varies according to the product type and the company's business model, whereas the postdevelopment macro phase is nonexistent. PDP projects are executed through collective efforts of multiple departments in cross-functional teams, except for the commodities firms.Practical implicationsThe study allows managers of Brazilian textile companies to understand the best practices in the PDP and those that require more attention, taking into account different business models and sectors of the production chain.Originality/valueOur results contribute to the literature and practitioners by providing an overview of PDP management in the textile industry, covering its different production chain actors, types of projects and companies' characteristics.

Geopolitics and Development examines the historical emergence of development as a form of governmentality, from the end of empire to the Cold War and the War on Terror. It illustrates the various ways in which the meanings and relations of development as a discourse, an apparatus and an aspiration, have been geopolitically imagined and enframed. The book traces some of the multiple historical associations between development and diplomacy and seeks to underline the centrality of questions of territory, security, statehood and sovereignty to the pursuit of development, along with its enrolment in various (b)ordering practices. In making a case for greater attention to the evolving nexus between geopolitics and development and with particular reference to Africa, the book explores the historical and contemporary geopolitics of foreign aid, the interconnections between development and counterinsurgency, the role of the state and social movements in (re)imagining development, the rise of (re)emerging donors like China, India and Brazil, and the growing significance of South-South flows of investment, trade and development cooperation. Drawing on post-colonial and postdevelopment approaches and on some of the author's own original empirical research, this is an essential, critical and interdisciplinary analysis of the complex and dynamic political geographies of global development. Primarily intended for scholars and post-graduate students in development studies, human geography, African studies and international relations, this book provides an engaging, invaluable and up-to-date resource for making sense of the complex entanglement between geopolitics and development, past and present.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Figures -- Preface -- Introduction -- The Death of Dualism -- The Context of This Book -- Notes -- Chapter 1. San Jerónimo: A Peasant Community? -- Lencho Martínez, a Peasant Man? -- Rufina Vásquez, a Peasant Woman? -- Eliseo and Lucrecia Mendoza, Peasant Youth? -- Notes -- Chapter 2. Kinds of Others in the History of Anthropology -- Formative Anthropology and the Primitive -- Classical Anthropology and the Primitive -- Modern Anthropology and the Invention of the Peasant -- Global Anthropology: From Cold War to Peasant Wars -- Notes -- Chapter 3. Peasants and the Antinomies of the Modern Nation-State -- The Deep Structure of the Modern Nation-State and Its Anthropology -- Right-Wing Modernism -- Left-Wing Modernism -- Right and Left Modernization of the Peasantry Reconsidered -- Problems with Peasant Essentialism -- Beyond Stated Definitions -- Notes -- Chapter 4. Romantic Reactions to Modernist Peasant Studies -- Right-Wing Romanticism -- Left-Wing Romanticism -- From Dependency to Articulation -- From Articulation to Disarticulated Economies -- The Legacy of Romantic Reactions -- Sustainability or Stagnation? -- Beyond Dualist Theory -- Notes -- Chapter 5. Beyond Peasant Studies: Changing Social Fields of Identity and Theory -- Postdevelopment -- From Articulation to Networks to Reticula -- Globalization and Differentiation -- From Modern Structures to Global Complexity -- Notes -- Chapter 6. Differentiation and Identity -- From Individual to Person -- Internal Versus External Differentiation -- Decline of Class Identity and Increase in Class Difference -- Value, Differentiation, Community, and Autonomy -- Notes -- Chapter 7. From Modes of Production to Consumption of Modes: Class, Value, Power, and Resistance -- Class -- Resistance -- Value -- Value- Power and Class

Outlines way in which the crisis of colonialism, universalization of the nation-state system, and deepening of the Cold War provided the context for emergence of a national development discourse; 1940s-1970s; discusses reconfiguration of role of the state as US-centered globalization accelerated; 1980s-1990s.

The risk assessment of genetically modified (GM) crops is assumed to be a benign regulatory tool, due to its perceived objectivity and freedom from the morals and values that pervade society. Yet, against the backdrop of growing environmental pressures, social tensions and political instability, problems that cannot be accommodated in the current regulatory framework in South Africa are consistently emerging. This calls for a reformation of regulatory procedures to account for problems neglected by the current science-based risk approach to the assessment of GM crops. To achieve this, the research methodologies adopt a feminist- pragmatist approach that allows for the use of mixed methods and emphasises reflexivity to allow new perspectives to appear. The research aims to (1) study current risk assessment procedures for GM crops and their historical evolution; (2) address concerns that have arisen from this approach; and (3) investigate the suitability of a Feminist Ethics of Care as an alternative lens through which to view the assessment of GM crops in South Africa. Using themes derived from feminist literature such as relationships, particularity and context, power and vulnerability, narrative and voice, emotions and new conceptualisations of the public/private dichotomy, new 'ways of seeing' risk emerge and illuminate salient issues that are so often neglected by the current science-based risk approach. An articulation of this alternative is explored in order to provide critical and practical policy recommendations. The thesis concludes by expressing the limitations of a Feminist Ethics of Care in the context of South Africa and reveals how a postdevelopment paradigm may help to formulate a more appropriate framework for GM crop assessment.

En este artículo se pretende participar en el debate sobre la naturaleza de los gobiernos progresistas al igual que con respecto a un supuesto fin de ciclo de los mismos. Se sostiene que a partir de la caracterización con respecto a la naturaleza de los gobiernos progresistas, se desprende una postura política que mira a los gobiernos progresistas como continuidad neoliberal o la recupera como un fenómeno progresivo y de negación del neoliberalismo. Desde la izquierda y desde la derecha se ha criticado severamente a dichos gobiernos y acaso eso influya en aventurar el que su ciclo haya terminado. Existen al menos cinco caracterizaciones de los gobiernos progresistas: la perspectiva de la derecha neoliberal, la propuesta de la izquierda posextractivista/posdesarrollista, el planteamiento de la izquierda autonomista, la crítica de la izquierda con horizonte socialista y el enfoque de la izquierda posneoliberal de matriz marxista. Los autores suscriben éste último. ; In this paper the authors try to participate in the debate about the progressive government's nature at the same time they explore about the supposed end of cycle of these governments. The authors sustain that characterization of the progressive government's cause a political perspective that see these governments as continuity or negation of neoliberalism. From the left and from the right, the progressive governments have been severely criticized and probably these critics influence in the assertion about the end of cycle of the progressive governments. There are at least five characterizations of the progressive governments: the neoliberal right perspective, the approach of the postextractivist/postdevelopment left, the proposal of the autonomist left, the critic of the left with socialist horizont and the perspective of the posneoliberal left that comes from a marxist matrix. ; Cet article a pour but de participer au débat sur la nature des gouvernements progressistes ainsi que sur leur supposée fin de cycle. Il est avancé que, selon la nature des ...

Growth in Ghana during the last decade has not translated into meaningful benefits for rural households who experienced an increase in poverty in recent years. This reflects, among other factors, the relatively weak performance of the agricultural sector and its general lack of competitiveness. The government has identified agriculture as the backbone of its development strategy and is committed to address the numerous challenges faced by the sector. However, it is likely to encounter fiscal constraints in a postdevelopment assistance era. It is therefore crucial to understand the trade-offs associated with alternative spending strategies. In this study we develop an economywide modeling framework for analyzing returns to public spending in support of agriculture. The model is used to evaluate the effect of compositional shifts in spending given marginal returns to different areas of investment. Our analysis focuses especially on extension services and input subsidies as two important components of the government's agricultural development strategy. The objective of the study is to advise policymakers on which spending strategy is the most likely to contribute to government's development goals, such as poverty reduction or economic growth. We find that a doubling of the share of agriculture in total public budget would accelerate agricultural growth to somewhere between 7.6% and 8.6% against the business-as-usual scenario of about 3.5%. The level of growth achieved depends on the types of policies that are favored. In the examples presented here, we show that an input subsidy-oriented spending strategy may yield significant benefits in the short run (1–5 years), and especially in an expansionary fiscal environment, but investments in effective extensive services are more sustainable and rewarding in the medium- to longer-run (6–10 years), especially when public resources are more constrained. These results demonstrate why short-term political goals might result in policy choices that are suboptimal from a longer-term development perspective. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; GSSP; CRP2; 3 Building Inclusive and Efficient Markets, Trade Systems, and Food Industry; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies ; DSGD; PIM ; CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)

Over the last 25 years, South Korea has witnessed growing inequality due to the proliferation of non-standard employment, ballooning household debt, deepening export-dependency, and the growth of super-conglomerates such as Samsung and Hyundai. Combined with declining rates of economic growth and turbulent political events, these processes mark a departure from Korea's past recognition as a high growth "developmental state."

The Postdevelopmental State radically reframes research into the South Korean economy by foregrounding the efforts of pro-democratic reformers and social movements in South Korea to create an alternative economic model—one that can address Korea's legacy of authoritarian economic development during the Cold War and neoliberal restructuring since the Asian Financial Crisis of the late 1990s. Understanding these attempts offers insight into the types of economic reforms that have been enacted since the late 1990s as well as the continued legacy of dictatorship-era politics within the Korean political and legal system. By examining the dilemmas economic democracy has encountered over the past 25 years, from the IMF Crisis to the aftermath of the Candlelight Revolution, the book reveals the enormous and comprehensive challenges involved in addressing the legacy of authoritarian economic models and their neoliberal transformations.

Although a great deal is known about the recognition of states, less is known about the practice of derecognition of states, namely why and how states withdraw the recognition of other contested and partially recognized states. The Derecognition of States offers a global and comparative outlook of this unexplored diplomatic practice. Using original empirical research, it addresses the complex processes, justifications, and consequences of state derecognition. In particular, it provides unique insights into five aspirant states facing withdrawal of recognition: Taiwan, Western Sahara, Abkhazia, South Ossetia, and Kosovo.

Gëzim Visoka argues that state derecognition is a highly controversial and unstable practice that has less to do with the unfulfillment of the conditions of statehood by the claimant than with the advancement of the self-interest of the former base state and derecognizing state. The derecognition of states is not a rule; rather, it is an exception in international diplomacy, driven by political expediency and is incompatible with original rationales for granting recognition. Yet, the derecognition of states is far more important than previously recognized in shaping the reversal dynamics of secession and state creation and in influencing regional peace, geopolitical rivalries, and the international order. By analyzing the withdrawal of recognition, the book offers a window into the reversal politics of unbecoming a sovereign state and how the arbitrary beginning and the end of diplomatic relations between states take place.

El desarrollo ha sido un concepto desde su origen principalmente vinculado
al mundo económico. Cuando este término ha pasado a otros ámbitos no ha podido
desprenderse de su carga originaria. Así, cuando ha dado el salto a la ecología ha transportado
toda su carga económica, dando origen a una ambigua expresión que se ha manifestado
inválida a los fines de preservación del planeta. De ahí que deba superarse su
significado, si lo que realmente se desea es dar sostenibilidad a una vida de calidad en el
planeta.
Se propone otra expresión ¿posdesarrollo¿ aunque lo realmente significativo es el
cambio de paradigma. Este nuevo escenario ha de saber integrar en pie de igualdad los
tres acertados ámbitos de intervención: el humano, el natural y el económico. Ello supone
aceptar importantes y estructurales cambios en todos los órdenes, pero principalmente
nuestra manera de entendernos en el planeta.
Hasieratik, garapenaren kontzeptua ekonomiarekin lotu da gehienbat.
Hitz hori beste esparru batzuetara zabaldu denean ere, ezin izan du jatorriko esanahi hori
gainetik kendu. Hala, ekologiara jauzi egin duenean, ekonomia-zentzu osoa berekin eraman
eta planeta zaintzeari begira baliogabea den esamolde anbiguo bat sortu da. Horregatik,
planetako bizi-kalitatea benetan jasangarria izatea nahi bada, esanahi berri bat eman behar
zaio.
«Garapen-ostea» erabiltzea proposatzen da, baina paradigma-aldaketa da benetan esanguratsua.
Eszenatoki berri horrek maila berean integratu behar ditu esku hartzeko hiru eremuak:
humanoa, naturala eta ekonomikoa. Horretarako, maila guztietako egitura-aldaketak
onartu behar dira, baina batik bat planetarekiko gure harremana.
Development has from the very beginning a concept linked to the
economic world. When this term crossed to other fields it did not get rid of its original
burden. Hence when it took the leap to ecology it brought with it its whole economic
burden originating an ambigious expression that has revealed to be invalid for the purpose
of conservation of the planet. Therefore its meaning has to be exceeded in order to
promote sustainability to a life of quality in the planet.
Another term is proposed ¿postdevelopment¿ although the most relevant is the
change of paradigm. This new scenario has to be able to settle in equal terms the three accurate
fields of intervention: human, natural and economic. It implies accepting important
and structural changes in all orders, but basically in our way of getting on in the planet.

"Sembrar nos salvó la vida" es el resultado de un trabajo de investigación realizado en el Distrito de Aguabablanca, en la ciudad de Santiago de Cali Colombia. Bajo la mirada de los estudios culturales se concretó una etnografía de profundo compartir con la comunidad por más de siete meses. El interés académico y político del autor se concentra en pensar las distintas formas de solidaridad como una alternativa política emancipadora y posible de organización social. Por ello, la preocupación de diferenciar las prácticas solidarias que se emprenden en carácter de paliativo a una situación dada, o como respuesta puntual a una crisis coyuntural, de aquellas solidaridades que se consolidan como una apuesta de vida en sí misma. Constituyéndose en propuestas políticas, económicas, culturales y comunitarias alternativas al capitalismo que promueve la sociedad de consumo actual, pero también de otras opciones políticas e ideológicas tradicionales. El proceso de los Patios, llevado adelante por un grupo de mujeres de Aguablanca durante los años 2003 y 2007, es un ejemplo de cómo la solidaridad puede generar espacios de transformaciones emancipadores. El análisis de este estudio de caso se realizó abordando autores que han teorizado sobre la memoria, la solidaridad, las economías solidarias, la comunidad, el desarrollo y el postdesarrollo. Pudiendo apreciar hacia el final, que los Patios fueron una alternativa al desarrollo, inscripta bajo lógicas de las economías solidarias, que generó nuevos espacios de comunidad dentro de un contexto urbano particularmente complejo y vulnerable. ; "Planting saved our lives" is the result of a research conducted in the District of Aguabablanca, in the city of Santiago de Cali Colombia. Under the gaze of cultural studies materialize an ethnography of deep sharing with the community for more than seven months. The academic and political interest of the author focuses on the different ways to think of solidarity as an alternative emancipatory politics and social organization possible. Therefore, the concern of differentiating solidarity practices that are undertaken in palliative character of a given situation, or as timely response to an economic crisis, those solidarities that are consolidated as a gamble of life itself. Proposals becoming political, economic, cultural and community that promotes alternatives to capitalism today's consumer society, but also other traditional political and ideological choices. Patios process, carried out by a group of women Aguablanca during 2003 and 2007, is an example of how solidarity can create spaces for emancipatory transformations. The analysis of this case study was conducted to address authors have theorized about memory, solidarity, solidarity economies, community development and post-development. Being able to appreciate towards the end, that playgrounds were an alternative to development, registered under the logic of solidarity economies, which generated new community spaces within an urban context particularly complex and vulnerable.

"Sembrar nos salvó la vida" es el resultado de un trabajo de investigación realizado en el Distrito de Aguabablanca, en la ciudad de Santiago de Cali Colombia. Bajo la mirada de los estudios culturales se concretó una etnografía de profundo compartir con la comunidad por más de siete meses. El interés académico y político del autor se concentra en pensar las distintas formas de solidaridad como una alternativa política emancipadora y posible de organización social. Por ello, la preocupación de diferenciar las prácticas solidarias que se emprenden en carácter de paliativo a una situación dada, o como respuesta puntual a una crisis coyuntural, de aquellas solidaridades que se consolidan como una apuesta de vida en sí misma. Constituyéndose en propuestas políticas, económicas, culturales y comunitarias alternativas al capitalismo que promueve la sociedad de consumo actual, pero también de otras opciones políticas e ideológicas tradicionales. El proceso de los Patios, llevado adelante por un grupo de mujeres de Aguablanca durante los años 2003 y 2007, es un ejemplo de cómo la solidaridad puede generar espacios de transformaciones emancipadores. El análisis de este estudio de caso se realizó abordando autores que han teorizado sobre la memoria, la solidaridad, las economías solidarias, la comunidad, el desarrollo y el postdesarrollo. Pudiendo apreciar hacia el final, que los Patios fueron una alternativa al desarrollo, inscripta bajo lógicas de las economías solidarias, que generó nuevos espacios de comunidad dentro de un contexto urbano particularmente complejo y vulnerable. ; "Planting saved our lives" is the result of a research conducted in the District of Aguabablanca, in the city of Santiago de Cali Colombia. Under the gaze of cultural studies materialize an ethnography of deep sharing with the community for more than seven months. The academic and political interest of the author focuses on the different ways to think of solidarity as an alternative emancipatory politics and social organization possible. Therefore, the concern of differentiating solidarity practices that are undertaken in palliative character of a given situation, or as timely response to an economic crisis, those solidarities that are consolidated as a gamble of life itself. Proposals becoming political, economic, cultural and community that promotes alternatives to capitalism today's consumer society, but also other traditional political and ideological choices. Patios process, carried out by a group of women Aguablanca during 2003 and 2007, is an example of how solidarity can create spaces for emancipatory transformations. The analysis of this case study was conducted to address authors have theorized about memory, solidarity, solidarity economies, community development and post-development. Being able to appreciate towards the end, that playgrounds were an alternative to development, registered under the logic of solidarity economies, which generated new community spaces within an urban context particularly complex and vulnerable.

Bu tez Soğuk Savaş'ın bitimi ile birlikte uluslararası ilişkiler disiplini içerisinde yaşanan paradigma değişimlerinin bir sonucu olarak güvenlik ve kalkınma politikalarının birbirlerine yakınsamasının ortaya çıkardığı güvenlik-kalkınma bağını ele almaktadır. Çalışmada güvenlik-kalkınma bağının nasıl ortaya çıktığı ve dış politika yapım süreçlerinde ne şekilde kullanıldığına yer verilmektedir. Çalışma boyunca güvenlik ve kalkınma arasındaki karşılıklı etkileşimin ortaya çıkardığı bağ sorgulanmakta ve bu çaba ana akım uluslararası ilişkiler teorilerinin yanı sıra Postdevelopment, Kopenhag Ekolü ve Aberystwyth Ekolü gibi eleştirel yaklaşımlar ekseninde şekillenmektedir.1990'larda insan güvenliği ve insani kalkınma kavramlarının ortaya çıkması, güvenlik-kalkınma bağının teorik zeminini güçlendirirken politika yapıcılar için de uluslararası güvenlik ve kalkınma politikalarının tasarımı, yapımı ve uygulanması noktasında fonksiyonel ve bütüncül bir etki kaynağı meydana getirmiştir. Ancak güvenlik-kalkınma bağının küresel aktörler tarafından nasıl algılandığı, tecrübe edildiği ve hangi kanallar aracığıyla uygulandığına yönelik tüm çevrelerce ortak kabul gören bir çerçeveye sahip olmayışı bu bağ aracılığıyla oluşturulan dış politika pratiklerine yönelik sorgulamaların önünü açmıştır. Bu argümandan hareketle çalışmada AB, ABD ve Çin'in -yoğun bir güvenlik-kalkınma bağı gündemine sahip olan 2000 sonrası Afrika dış politikası incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada; Afrika'ya yönelik kalkınma yardımları ve BM Barışı Koruma Operasyonlarının analizi aracılığıyla dış politika yapım süreçlerinde güvenlik-kalkınma bağının hangi amaçlar için hangi kanallar aracılığıyla kullanıldığı sorusuna yanıt aranmıştır. --- This thesis examines the link between security and development -the security – development nexus- which emerged when security and development policies converge to each other as a consequence of paradigm shifts in the discipline of international relations after the Cold War in the 1990s. This study includes how securitydevelopment nexus has emerged and how it is used in foreign policy making process. The "nexus" -emerged by mutual interaction between security and development has investigated throughout the study and this effort is shaped by critical approaches such as Post-development, the Copenhagen School and the Aberystwyth School, as well as mainstream international relations theories.The emergence of human security and human development concepts has strengthened the theoretical ground of security-development nexus. This has given authority to policy makers a functional and holistic source to design, construction andimplementation of international security and development policies. However, there is no common framework for all the spheres of how security-development nexus is perceived, experienced and formulated by global actors and it causes questioning of foreign policy practices which shaped by the security and development nexus. From this argument, this thesis examined the post-2000 African foreign policy of the EU, US and China – which has a dense security-development nexus agenda. In this thesis; through the analysis of development aid for Africa and analysis of current UN Peacekeeping Operations in there, i try to answer the question of: For which purposes is the security-development nexus used in the foreign policy making process through which channels?