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Is conditional and temporary collection of data necessary in a public health crisis for democracies? This article attempts at examining the institutional variance in digital tool deployment to contact trace COVID-19 across six different democratic systems: South Korea, Europe (Germany, France, Italy and the UK post-Brexit) and the U.S. It aims at projecting varied country strategies in embracing the digital economy of the future driven by artificial intelligence (AI) as the contactless economy becomes the norm. Europe and the U.S. have refrained from a centralized contact tracing method that involve GPS data collection and used a minimalist approach utilizing apps based on Google and Apple's Application Programming Interface (API) enabled by Bluetooth technology downloadable only voluntary by citizens, with western European countries striving to abide by the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), in turn failing to flatten the curve earlier on during the COVID-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, South Korea's maximalist approach of digital tracing utilizing big data analysis on the centralized COVID-19 Smart Management System (SMS) platform and apps on self-diagnosis and self-quarantine under the Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Act (IDCPA) – revised in the aftermath of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in 2015 – led the country to flatten the curve at an early stage. In addressing the gaps among varied approaches, this article analyzes the legal foundations and policy rationale for conditional and temporary data collection and processing across jurisdictions.

The combination of two methodological resources - natural user interface and multimodal learning analytics - is creating opportunities for educational researchers to empirically evaluate theoretical models accounting for the emergence of concepts from situated sensorimotor activity. Seventy-six participants (9-14 years old) solved tablet-based presymbolic manipulation tasks designed to foster grounded meanings for the mathematical concept of proportional equivalence. Data gathered in task-based semi-structured clinical interviews included action logging, eye-gaze tracking, and videography. Analysis of these data indicates that successful task performance coincided with spontaneous emergence of stable dynamical gaze path patterns soon followed by multimodal articulation of strategy. Significantly, gaze patterns included unmanipulated, non-salient screen locations. We present cumulative evidence that these gaze patterns served as ''attentional anchors'' mediating participants' problem solving. By way of further contextualizing our claim, we also present case studies from the various experimental conditions. We interpret the findings as enabling us to revisit, support, refine, and perhaps elaborate on seminal claims from Piaget's theory of genetic epistemology and in particular his insistence on the role of situated motor-action coordination in the process of reflective abstraction.

The definitive work on the best ways to support the healthy development of children and adolescents and their families, based on 20 years of the groundbreaking TOPP Study The unique longitudinal study "Tracking Opportunities and Problems (TOPP)" began following nearly 1,000 children and their families in Norway in 1993. Few studies have ever accumulated such extensive information from such a large number of families. Eight waves of data on many aspects of child and family life have been collected from children aged 18 months to 18 years. The TOPP Study has provided new knowledge about and insight into the precursors, developmental paths and predictors of both good adaptation and mental health problems of children, as well as into parenting and family relationships. The editors have collated the key findings in three parts. Part 1 addresses the mental health and development of children and adolescents. Part 2 focuses on parents, looking at individual parental and family-related factors, including parental couple relationships. Part 3 looks at the methodological issues, including the sample, response rate and measurement and analytical approaches. Each chapter reviews the existing knowledge in these areas in relation to the TOPP findings and provides extensive reference lists for those who want to dig deeper. This unique book provides thought-provoking insights into the TOPP findings to help guide therapeutic practice, to suggest new avenues of research, to inform teaching, and to shape policy planning and preventive actions. It is thus an invaluable resource for all professionals, researchers, educators, policy makers, and students working with children and adolescents and their families

Sixteen nonpilot Naval ROTC students were tested on tasks involving conflicting visual and vestibular cues while flying with each of four basic aircraft attitude presentations (moving horizon, moving airplane, frequency-separated, and kinalog) in a Beechcraft C-45H airplane. Flight-director versions of each display presenting either compensatory or pursuit steering guidance were also compared on a command flight path tracking task involving random heading changes. For all attitude presentations, pursuit tracking was superior to compensatory tracking and the order of merit of the four attitude presentations in flight casts doubt upon the validity of previous simulator experiments. It was concluded that the principle of display frequency separation provides at least equivalent pilot steering performance to that obtained with the conventional moving horizon format, while the anticipatory cues it affords tends to reduce the incidence of control reversals under circumstances of subliminal angular acceleration by providing initial direction-of-motion compatibility.

The ferry port of Likupang is the path that connects the island of Celebes with Sitaro Islands District, which is managed by the Department of Transportation North Minahasa. The ferry port of Likupang still a pioneer and still get subsidies from the government each year. In the calculation of subsidies to local authorities still use the subsidy calculation based Director General of Land Transportation Regulation Number SK.218 / AP.204 / DrJD / 2018 on Income and Cost Component Counts In Operation Activity ferries transport Pilot which has been repealed and replaced by Director General of Land Transportation Regulation Number SK.5856 / AP.204 / DrJD / 2018 regarding Calculation and Transport Subsidy Funding Procedures Pioneer Crossing.Therefore, it warrants further evaluation regarding ferry transport subsidies KMP Lohoraung in Likuoang-Biaro Tracking North Celebes using the calculation ofSK 5856 / AP.201 / DrJD / 2018. The research method used is observation and interview vessel operators as well as literature. Based on the analysis of the government should provide subsidy in accordance with applicable regulations, namelyDirector General of Land Transportation Regulation Number SK.5856 / AP.204 / DrJD / 2018 on Procedures Calculation and Pioneer Ferries transport Subsidy Funding for Rp.3.145.418.407, - and writer suggest the making of leaflets in the form of a schedule and departure times are propagated to the service user to increase the size of the load factor so that the vessel can potentially increase the income of the ship itself.

Multimodal theories informed by Systemic Functional Linguistics involve postulations on users' interactions with multimodal artifacts which need to be tested with behavioral data. Studies empirically testing the postulations are of great theoretical and methodological significance for multimodal research but have so far remained nascent. To open up new avenues of research in this area, findings from an eye-tracking experiment designed to test social semiotic postulations are reported and discussed. Specifically, the experiment adopted a between-group matched design and involved 44 viewers and 10 trials in each of which a print advertisement was randomly presented to the viewers who were instructed to perform a group-specific ad viewing task. Eye movement metrics obtained from the experiment were analyzed by descriptive statistics based on Areas of Interest and the Scanpath Trending Algorithm to link fixation metrics to semantic components of the ads and to calculate the common viewing path per group and trial, respectively. Data analysis results revealed, among others, a concentration of visual attention on human faces placed at various regions of the ads. The findings are then channeled into discussions on information value theory in the grammar of visual design to explicate its implications for theorizing multimodal communication.

AbstractResearchers have proposed that two processes featuring distinct types of inhibition support inhibitory control: a response threshold adjustment process involving the global inhibition of motor output and a conflict resolution process involving competitive inhibition among co‐active response alternatives. To target the development of these processes, we measured the reaching behavior of 5‐ to 10‐year‐olds (Experiment 1) and adults (Experiment 2) as they performed an Eriksen flanker task. This method provided two key measures: initiation time (the time elapsed between stimulus onset and movement onset) and reach curvature (the degree to which a movement deviates from a direct path to the selected target). We suggest that initiation time reflects the response threshold adjustment process by indexing the degree of motoric stopping experienced before a movement is started, while reach curvature reflects the conflict resolution process by indexing the degree of co‐activation between response alternatives over the course of a movement. Our results support this claim, revealing different patterns effects in initiation time and curvature, and divergent developmental trajectories between childhood and adulthood. These findings provide behavioral evidence for the dissociation between global and competitive inhibition, and offer new insight into the development of inhibitory control.

This paper presents a technique to estimate the coefficients of a multiple-look-up table (LUT) digital predistortion (DPD) architecture based on the partial least-squares (PLS) regression method. The proposed 3-D distributed memory LUT architecture is suitable for efficient FPGA implementation and compensates for the distortion arising in concurrent dual-band envelope tracking power amplifiers. On the one hand, a new variant of the orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm is proposed to properly select only the best LUTs of the DPD function in the forward path, and thus reduce the number of required coefficients. On the other hand, the PLS regression method is proposed to address both the regularization problem of the coefficient estimation and, at the same time, reducing the number of coefficients to be estimated in the DPD feedback identification path. Moreover, by exploiting the orthogonality of the PLS transformed matrix, the computational complexity of the parameters' identification can be significantly simplified. Experimental results will prove how it is possible to reduce the DPD complexity (i.e., the number of coefficients) in both the forward and feedback paths while meeting the targeted linearity levels. ; Grant numbers : This work was supported by the Spanish Government (MINECO) and FEDER under projects TEC2014-58341-C4-03/04-R (AETHER) and by the Generalitat de Catalunya under grant 2017 SGR 891.© 2018 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.

Paygo pension schemes are said to be difficult to transform. However, the study of the French pension system shows that progressively, funded schemes play a greater role in the transformation. This change has been possible, despite path‐dependent forces, through four sequences. First, the change is based on a diagnosis shared among most actors, which challenges the instruments chosen in the past. Second, the new instruments are chosen in opposition to the past. Third, the new measures are adopted on the basis of an ambiguous, even contradictory, agreement. Finally, the new instruments expand incrementally, but their development is leading to cumulative change and a profound transformation of both the logic and the structure of the pension system.

In what sequences have nations changed institutionally in history and does that order matter for later democratization? If so, are there historical-institutional pathways of "civilizations"? These previously neglected research problems are addressed in this paper on the basis of a new, unique, and enormous data set tracking all political institutions and systems in the world monthly since 1789. The aim is both empirical and theoretical: to take steps toward an understanding of the sequential aspects of political-institutional evolution. Results visualize sequences at regime level that show few signs of path dependency. They also show that democracy may emerge in all types of regimes, though at varying paces. Separating religious-majority nations, Muslim systems are less affected by democracy diffusion than other religious-majority nations. Muslim political systems also exhibit larger regime type unpredictability. Taken together with estimates of GDP per capita, majority religions explain a minor share of discrepancies between regime types: wealth of nations is more important than majority religion on a general, regime type diversity level. However, specifications of institutional details will have to be made in future research in this new area of historical political-institutional study.

The Cornell Leadership Program at Cornell University, USA, aims to assist talented veterinary students to embark on careers in research, academia, government agencies or industry. Over 400 students have participated since the Program began in 1990 and their subsequent careers have been followed. In this study, five sources of data were analysed: application documents of the participants; audio recordings of interviews with each participant from 2000 to 2007; annual tracking records of alumni after graduating with a veterinary degree; spontaneous comments from alumni about how the Program influenced their career plans; and a list of published scientific papers by alumni. Analysis revealed that about 50 per cent of veterinary graduates were establishing themselves in careers envisaged by the Program, although many of them experienced conflicts between a vocational commitment to clinical practice and a desire to solve problems through research. Many alumni asserted that the Program had influenced their career plans, but they had difficulty in accepting that rigorous scientific training was more important in acquiring research skills than working directly on a veterinary research problem. One career of great appeal to alumni was that of veterinary translational science, in which disease mechanisms are defined through fundamental research. It is concluded from the data that there are three challenging concepts for recently qualified veterinarians aiming to advance the knowledge of animal disease: research careers are satisfying and rewarding for veterinarians; a deep understanding of the chosen field of research is needed; and a high standard of scientific training is required to become an effective veterinary scientist.

The research on indicators on the state of child well-being is a growing field and one that has experienced several changes through time. Due to the growing supply of data on children, and in order to facilitate conclusions and tracking trends, researchers have been led to develop child well-being summary indexes. Several proposals have already been presented. In the present work, we critically review the most prominent summary child well-being indexes recently constructed, the Index of Child and Youth Well-Being in the United States, the Child Well-being Index for the European Union, the Microdata Child Well-Being Index, and the Deprivation Index. The examination is carried out according to the contributions and innovations the indexes have brought to the field. A critical assessment of the methods used in the construction of the indexes is made and their main limitations identified. Accordingly, some future lines of research to improve child well-being measurement through summary indexes are put forward. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Twenty-four nonpilot, volunteer subjects were tested on three flight tasks while flying four basic aircraft attitude presentations (moving horizon, moving airplane, frequency-separated, and kinalog) in a light twin-engine aircraft simulator providing three types of motion cues (no motion, standard GAT-2 motion, and washout motion). The flight tasks involved conflicting visual and vestibular cues and included disturbed attitude tracking, command flight path tracking in both pursuit and compensatory modes, and a series of recovery trials from discrete unknown attitudes. To provide a basis for comparison, the present simulator study closely replicated the procedures used in the Roscoe and Williges (1975) flight experiment. The frequency-separated display yielded performances at least equivalent and in some cases superior to those obtained with the conventional moving horizon display. Either type of simulator motion resulted in better disturbed attitude tracking performance than no motion, and washout motion provided stereotypic control responses in recovery from unknown attitudes most closely corresponding to those obtained in flight. It was concluded that care must be used in generalizing simulator results to flight performance when no physical motion cues or inappropriate ones are present in the simulator.