Suchergebnisse

Fluctuations in the oil price profoundly impact many other prices in the economy, as oil is used to produce numerous goods and services. While literature is ample regarding the linear relationship between crude oil prices and food prices, academic discussion on the presence of non-linear relationships is relatively evolving. This paper strives to explore the existence of both linear and non-linear relationships between crude oil price and food price in Bangladesh by employing the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model and the non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model, respectively. The ARDL model indicates that the crude oil price has a linear and positive impact on food price inflation in Bangladesh. The NARDL model finds no asymmetric relationship between the two variables in the long run. As a result, in the long run, the response of food price inflation in Bangladesh is the same whether oil prices increase or decrease. However, the NARDL model reveals that the change in oil prices asymmetrically impacts food price inflation only in the short run. These findings are essential for further study, and the results can be used for policymaking to ensure food security in Bangladesh.

AbstractWe establish that non‐linear vertical contracts can allow an incumbent to exclude an upstream rival in a setting that does not rely on the exclusivity of the incumbent's contracts with downstream firms or any limits on distribution channels available to the incumbent or rival. The optimal contract we describe is a three‐part quantity discounting contract that involves the payment of an allowance to a downstream distributor and a marginal wholesale price below the incumbent's marginal cost for sufficiently large quantities. The optimal contract is robust to allowing parties to renegotiate contracts in case of entry.

L'obiettivo della ricerca è stato quello di sviluppare un metodo di calcolo semplificato per l'analisi non lineare di strutture in muratura soggette ad azione sismica, attraverso l'implementazione di un codice caratterizzato da un'elevata versatilità e semplicità di utilizzo, in grado di conseguire un bilanciato compromesso tra validità teorico-sperimentale e praticità applicativa. Il codice, sviluppato in ambiente Microsoft Excel tramite il linguaggio di programmazione Microsoft Visual Basic 6.3, punta a guidare il progettista, attraverso un'interfaccia semplice ed intuitiva, nel delicato compito di svolgere un'analisi non lineare di pareti murarie caricate nel proprio piano, fornendo, in corrispondenza di ogni singolo step di carico, una rappresentazione puntuale e intuitiva degli elementi costituenti la parete, individuandone immediatamente le possibili criticità. Attraverso un'interfaccia user-friendly l'utente ha la possibilità di inserire le caratteristiche geometriche e meccaniche della parete, giungendo agevolmente alla definizione del modello a telaio equivalente e alla definizione della curva di capacità della struttura. Attraverso il calcolo della domanda sismica e la valutazione del punto di funzionamento, il codice indirizza l'utente all'individuazione mirata degli interventi di miglioramento necessari, a seconda che si voglia diminuire la domanda o aumentare la capacità di spostamento della parete. Essendo il sottoscritto un Ufficiale del Corpo degli Ingegneri dell'Esercito Italiano, un codice di questo tipo si presterebbe ad essere utilizzato dall'Amministrazione Difesa nell'ambito delle verifiche di vulnerabilità sismica degli edifici strategici: con tale applicativo, infatti, i Reparti del Genio Militare potrebbero effettuare una prima verifica (caratterizzata da un accettabile compromesso tra la speditezza e l'accuratezza dei risultati forniti) di tali strutture, individuando le maggiori criticità relative agli immobili del demanio militare e progettando, ove necessario, i conseguenti interventi di consolidamento, per poi programmare in modo maggiormente oculato l'affidamento delle verifiche di vulnerabilità previste dalla normativa attualmente in vigore. ; The aim of this thesis work is to develop a simplified method for non linear analysis of masonry structures subjected to seismic action, throughout the implementation of an high versatility and simple-use code, in order to have a balanced compromise between theoretical and experimental efficiency and practical applicability. The code, written for Microsoft Excel using Microsoft Visual Basic 6.3 programming language, aims for guiding the structural designer, through a simple and intuitive interface, in the delicate task of a non linear analysis of masonry wall loaded in its own plane, giving, in correspondence of each load step, a punctual and intuitive representation of its elements, instantly defining the critical masonry panels and their failure mode. Thanks to a user-friendly interface, the user can insert geometrical and mechanical features of masonry wall, easily arriving to define the equivalent frame model and the capacity curve. Through the calculus of the seismic request and the evaluation of performance point, the code guides the user to the focused identification of proper improvement interventions, either decreasing seismic demand or increasing seismic capacity. Since I am an Officer of Italian Army Corps of Engineers, a code like the one developed could be efficiently used by military engineers for seismic vulnerability verifications of so called strategic buildings: with this application, each military unit could carry out a first approach (characterized by an acceptable compromise between rapidity and accuracy of the supplied results) for that kind of structures, identifying the main critical issues related to military buildings and designing, if necessary, the adequate improvement interventions, in order to carefully program the externalization of seismic vulnerability analysis services provided for by actual law.

Infrared focal plane arrays (IRFPA) sensors, due to their high sensitivity, high frame frequency and simple structure, have become the most prominently used detectors in military applications. However, they suffer from a common problem called the fixed pattern noise (FPN), which severely degrades image quality and limits the infrared imaging applications. Therefore, it is necessary to perform non-uniformity correction (NUC) on IR image. The algorithms of non-uniformity correction are classified into two main categories, the calibration-based and scene-based algorithms. There exist some shortcomings in both algorithms, hence a novel non-uniformity correction algorithm based on non-linear fit is proposed, which combines the advantages of the two algorithms. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm acquires a good effect of NUC with a lower non-uniformity ratio.

The paper extends the basic Stiglitz (1982) model of optimal income taxation into general search equilibrium. When we extend the basic taxation model to include a more realistic treatment of the labor market, a number of new interesting mechanisms arise. When wages are fixed we find that a work hour effect gives the government incentives to lower the marginal tax rate for both high and low skilled workers. The optimal marginal tax on high skilled is thus negative, and the sign for the low skilled marginal tax is ambiguous. With wages determined by bargaining between firm and worker the results are changed. Both marginal tax rates are of ambiguous sign. The tax systems' effects on the wage formation and the unemployment rates may result in new intricate redistribution channels. Simulations show that the marginal tax rate for high skilled is increasing in the level of redistribution when wages are fixed, but decreasing in the level of redistribution when wages are determined by bargaining.

This paper re‐examines the persistence and source of non‐linear predictability in the stock markets of G7 countries. Applying the Brock–Dechert–Scheinkman (BDS) test on autoregression (AR)‐filtered returns in rolling estimation windows, we find evidence of local non‐linear predictability in all the sampled stock markets. To identify the source, we apply the BDS test on AR‐generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH)‐filtered returns in rolling windows. After accounting for conditional heteroskedasticity, we still find brief time periods with non‐linear predictability in all markets, contradicting the weak‐form efficient markets hypothesis.

AbstractRecent empirical finance research has reported non‐linear dynamics within asset returns. However, much of this extant research has focussed upon asset markets within the US and UK. This paper examines whether such dynamics are also present in a series of six international equity index returns. Using empirical models which are consistent that the theoretical behavioural finance noise trader motivation of non‐linearity, whereby market dynamics differ between small and large returns, our results suggest these models improve the in‐sample fit and out‐of‐sample forecast over linear alternatives. Further, the point of regime transition differs between positive and negative returns indicating that noise traders are more likely to engage in trend‐chasing behaviour in up markets and anchoring behaviour in down markets. Finally, the forecast gain in the Asia‐Pacific markets is greater than in the European markets suggestive that limits to arbitrage are greater perhaps as fundamental traders knowledge of market dynamics and noise trader behaviour is still evolving.

This book offers a comprehensive exploration of the transformative trajectory undertaken by Chinese domestic enterprises, with a particular focus on Geely Automobile. Comprising five chapters and totaling 13 sections, the study delves into Geely's remarkable progression from a state of catch-up to surpassing established competitors. The initial chapter chronicles Geely's entry into the automotive industry amidst resource and technological scarcity, shedding light on the strategies employed to achieve breakthroughs during the nascent stages. The subsequent section elucidates Geely's transition from a late entrant to a prominent player in the global automotive market, facilitated by innovative practices across organizational, technological, talent-driven, quality-oriented, and cultural dimensions. The third chapter examines Geely's successful foray into globalization, offering a comprehensive analysis of its non-linear growth trajectory, overseas mergers and acquisitions, and strategic expansion efforts. The fourth part explores Geely's approach to embracing uncertainty and navigating cyclical challenges in the automotive industry, seeking determinative opportunities for future growth. Finally, the concluding chapter draws insights from Geely's non-linear growth and advances the "C theory," an enriched local innovation management framework grounded in China's unique developmental context. Wu Xiaobo is a Professor of Innovation and Strategic Management,Zhejiang University.He used to be a visiting fellow at IfM, Cambridge University, and a Fulbright Fellow at MIT Sloan School. He is currently serving as Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences, Zhejiang University. He is also serving as strategic advisor for corporates. He is dedicated to the theory building of "Beyond Catch up" Du Jian is a Professor of Innovation and Strategic Management, Zhejiang University. Her research focuses on technology innovation, foreign direct investment and global manufacturing strategy. She published several papers in international journals. She is the project leader of three NSFC projects on foreign investment and global innovation. Li Sihan is a Ph.D. candidate in Innovation and Strategic Management at the School of Management, Zhejiang University. He was a visiting student at Cambridge University and National University of Singapore. He has been engaged in research on digital innovation, digital governance, technological innovation, and information management change. He is dedicated to exploring the mystery of firm innovation

In the short term, the Euorocode‐based techniques will be implemented as the main design specifications for structural engineers from the member‐states of the European Union instead of the national standards. Therefore, it is of primary importance draw attention to the observed inaccuracies, particularly, in predicting non‐linear creep strains according to EC‐2. The analysis performed was mainly focused on an inconsistency elimination observed in the original EC‐2 approach, when transition from the linear to non‐linear creep laws for a constant compressive stress is required. A recent CEN corrigendum eliminating the observed inconsistency was also discussed in detail. In this context, similar techniques which were reported in the literature for predicting the creep non‐linearity function were analysed to account for the results obtained. It was particularly demonstrated that the recent CEN amendment results in an extremely enhanced creep strain for low strength concrete. A comparison of the creep non‐linearity functions with experimental test results was also considered. Santrauka Artimiausiu metu nacionalines normas pakeis Europos normos, kurios taps privalomu normatyviniu dokumentu Europos Sajungos šaliu statybos inžinieriams. Todel labai svarbu konstatuoti ir patikslinti jose pastebetus netikslumus. Straipsnyje akcentuojamas normu EC2 metodikoje pastebetas valkšnumo deformaciju nesutapimas, kai reikalingas perejimas iš tiesiniu valkšnumo deformaciju prie netiesiniu. Pateikiama žinomu metodu ir eksperimentiniu tyrimu rezultatu lyginamoji analize, autoriu siūlymai bei detaliai nagrinejamas neseniai išleistas CEN komiteto taisymas. Atlikus analize nustatyta, kad CEN korektūra lemia nepaprastai dideles mažo stiprumo betonu netiesinio valkšnumo deformacijas. First Published Online: 10 Feb 2011 Reikšminiai žodžiai:normos,standartai,betono valkšnumas,netiesine valkšnumo deformacija, valkšnumo netiesiškumo funkcija

The linear instability and nonlinear stability analyses are performed for the model of bidispersive local thermal non-equilibrium flow. The effect of local thermal non-equilibrium on the onset of convection in a bidispersive porous medium of Darcy type is investigated. The temperatures in the macropores and micropores are allowed to be different. The effects of various interaction parameters on the stability of the system are discussed. In particular, the effects of the porosity modified conductivity ratio parameters, and , with the inter-phase momentum transfer parameters and, on the onset of thermal Convection are also considered. Furthermore, the nonlinear stability boundary is found to be below the linear instability threshold. The numerical results are presented for free-free boundary conditions.