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Laws surrounding the possession, use, and distribution of marijuana have undergone many changes for over a century. Political pressures and social prejudices have most often been the cause of these changes, rather than scientific research or rational thinking. As a result, the law has sometimes lagged behind social practice as in the current case in much of the U.S., including Colorado. In such an environment, it often falls on a police officer's definition, interpretation, and reaction to the laws to determine the extent to which certain laws and sanctions are enforced. Drawing on the work of Weick (1976), this dissertation utilizes the theoretical framework of sensemaking to examine two research questions. First, what sense are police officers in Colorado making of new legalization of marijuana laws? Second, how are officers defining, interpreting, and reacting to marijuana laws in Colorado? Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 Denver police officers. Findings suggest that the lack of bright line policies regarding marijuana enforcement play a role in officers making sense of the law in different ways. Officers' definition and interpretation of marijuana law seems to be founded upon their experiences, as well as the experiences of their peers. Several unintentional consequences of marijuana legalization were identified by officers, and appear to play a substantial role in the sensemaking process. Theoretically, this research contends that the four key components of sensemaking (Weick 1976) (i.e., social process, ongoing process, reliant on extracted cues, and based off of plausibility rather than accuracy) are interwoven with the aspects of defining, interpreting, and reacting to laws. As such, a call exists for the elaboration or construction of a theory combining the intertwined elements of defining, interpreting, and reacting to organizational change with the interwoven elements of sensemaking. Findings suggest several policy implications. The call for Colorado and all states that are considering legalization for recreational purposes is to create bright line policies in an effort to reduce confusion among officers. The construction of such policies will reduce the grey area in which officers operate thereby ensuring that users are treated fairly across all jurisdictions and states.

When the SDP was founded in March 1981 it was a product of two main strands of opinion embodied in the persons of Roy Jenkins on the one hand and the 'Gang of Three' (David Owen, Shirley Williams and William Rodgers) on the other. Jenkins was the first of the four to talk openly of the desirability of 'breaking the mould' of British politics by the formation of a new centre party. During his time as President of the European Commission he had become convinced that a realignment of British parties was necessary and he argued this in the Dimbleby Lecture in November 1979. Initially the 'Gang of Three' were hostile to the idea of a new party. They remained deeply involved in the Labour party until the end of 1980, leading the battle against the constitutional and policy changes favoured by the left. When they eventually resigned from the Labour party the 'Gang' claimed that this was because the party had changed, not them.

Eight new members of the APSA Council have been elected in APSA's
fourth contested election in recent years. The new Council members are:
Lisa Baldez, Dartmouth College; Susan R. Burgess, Ohio University; Dennis
Chong, Northwestern University; Michael W. Doyle, Columbia University;
Kerry L. Haynie, Duke University; Arthur Lupia, University of Michigan;
Anna Sampaio, University of Colorado, Denver; and Melissa S. Williams,
University of Toronto. André Blais, Université de
Montréal, was not elected. Under APSA election rules, the APSA
Nominating Committee proposes one name per open seat and additional
nominations, sponsored by at least 10 members, may be made from the
membership. This year, Susan Burgess, Ohio University, was nominated from
the membership and was elected. The election was conducted by electronic
ballot, with a 31% turnout—similar to other recent APSA elections.
Detailed results can be found at http://apsanet.org/section_710.cfm.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Notes on Contributors -- Abstracts of Articles -- Articles -- What can We Learn from June 9? Voters in the 1994 European Parliament Elections -- Voter Strategies Under Preferential Electoral Systems: A Single Transferable Vote Mock Ballot Survey of London Voters -- The Motivational Basis of Participation in European Elections, 1979-94: The Case of Britain -- The Blue Map of Europe: Conservative Parliamentarians and European Integration -- An Analysis of Britain's Party Manifestos for Europe, 1979-94 -- Thatcherism and the Scottish Question -- From Mass Propaganda to Political Marketing: The Transformation of Labour Party Election Campaigning -- Political Communications in British Election Campaigns: Reconsidering Media Effects -- What Future for the Opinion Polls? The Lessons of the MRS Inquiry -- Class and Party Revisited: A New Model for Estimating Changes in Levels of Class Voting -- Reference Section -- 1: Chronology of Events 1994 -- 2: Parliamentary By-Elections 1994 -- 3: Public Opinion Polls 1994 -- 4: Local Elections 1994 -- 5: Results of Elections to the European Parliament 1994 -- 6: Recent Books and Articles of Interest -- 7: Political Parties -- 8: Politics Journals.

Purpose
Employers using criminal background checks to make hiring determinations must carefully balance the need to protect themselves and their clients against legal mandates designed to protect the rights of individuals with criminal records. Yet, surprisingly little research examines this balancing act. The purpose of this paper is to examine how one large agency, the New York Department of Health (DOH), navigates a myriad of mandates to convey and create legitimacy in compliance with complex legal mandates and contrasting interests.


Design/methodology/approach
Prior research on civil right legislation suggests that while companies may create regulations that appear to comply with such mandates, their actual practice does not always comply with their own rules (Dobbin et al., 1988). Therefore, this study addresses two key questions: do the DOH policies appear to comply with the relevant New York State law and does the DOH effectively implement the policies in a way that upholds New York State law. Specifically, this study estimates probit models on a sample of over 7,000 potential employees with criminal records to determine compliance with the criteria established by law and policy.


Findings
Findings show that the variables indicated by law/regulations such as offense severity and time since conviction work in the intended direction. Using only these criteria the models are able to correctly predict clearance decisions approximately of the time and that extra-legal factors such as race and gender do not further influence final determinations.


Practical implications
These findings have practical implications for employers as they show that it is possible for employers to design formal rules that navigate this complex landscape while still opening up employment opportunities for individuals with criminal records.


Originality/value
This is important as many employers either utilize criminal background checks without regulation or are fearful of embarking on efforts to meet regulations such as those promulgated by the EEOC. This research is the first of its kind to actually document and explore the ability of a large employer to conduct socially responsible criminal history background checks.

"No issue has captured the interest and imagination of the Americanpublic more than the subject of ethics, particularly in relation toleadership in the public sector" (Rebore, 2000, p.v). One of the mostuniversal questions in educational leadership is "What is therelationship of ethics as it relates to educational leadership?" Theanswer can be very complex. Many authors who have written on thesubject of ethics in educational leadership have tried to answer thisquestion. All major branches of ethics must be considered whenattempting to answer this question. These branches include metaethics,normative ethics, applied ethics, moral psychology, anddescriptive ethics and how each relates to the moral dimension ofleadership. Research suggests that ethical leadership remains largelyunexplored offering researchers opportunities for new discoveriesand leaders opportunities to improve their effectiveness. In treating the subject of ethics as it relates toeducational leadership, the material and argumentation Rebore uses in The Ethics of EducationalLeadership (2000) in this text are organized in such a way that they support Standard Five of theInterstate School Leaders Licensure Consortium (ISLLC) Standards for School Leaders and helpanswer this very question. Standard Five of the ISLLC states that a school administrator is aneducational leader who promotes the success of all students by acting with integrity, fairness, and in anethical manner (ethical leadership).

Following the array of critiques of management higher education, many MBA programs are considering fundamental curricular change. This article describes the initial phases of such a change in the Daniels College of Business at the University of Denver. The resulting integrated, transdisciplinary core, delivered by teams of faculty members across disciplines, and the issues involved in such drastic change are explained.

Although dynamic mapping is an increasingly popular tool for law enforcement, this technology is uncommon for reentry practitioners. This article introduces the Community Supervision Mapping System (CSMS), a web-based tool that routinely integrates Rhode Island Department of Corrections data into a user-friendly interface designed for those who supervise and provide service referrals to probationers. Using pre- and post-implementation survey data and actual usage data, we find that probation officers who adopt the new technology find the system useful and easy to use. We also learned that current usage is a better indicator of future use than is a respondent's reported intention to use the system.

Proceedings of a panel discussion at the annual meeting of the Association of American Geographers, Denver, Colorado, Apr. 26, 1983. Encompasses those aspects of the Law of the Sea that have a spatial or territorial component, including such matters as the territorial sea and the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone, international straits, the regimes of islands and archipelagos, freedom of transit for land-locked states, deep seabed mining, and protection and preservation of the marine environment.

Controversy over the proposed Two Forks Dam, which would dam the South Platte River and create a reservoir for the city of Denver.