Suchergebnisse

Unsere Gesundheit ist von dem geprägt, wer wir sind, wo wir leben, was wir tun und mit wem wir uns umgeben. In vielen Ländern ist die "medical geography" oder die "health geography" bereits ein etabliertes Fach und auch im deutschsprachigen Raum wächst die Beschäftigung mit den regionalen Gesichtspunkten von Gesundheit, Krankheit sowie Gesundheitsversorgungsleistungen. Die unterschiedlichen Forschungsansätze und die mit ihnen verknüpften Methoden werden in diesem Buch erstmals im deutschsprachigen Raum strukturiert und übersichtlich dargestellt. Hintergründe und Erklärungsansätze von Gesundheit und Raum Räumlich-geografische, sozialwissenschaftliche und medizinische Herangehensweisen mit Blick auf die besondere Interdisziplinarität des Fachs. Angewandte Forschungsbeispiele und Methoden Mobilitätsanalysen, Surveillance-Systeme, Geografische Informationssysteme (GIS), Monitoring von Infektionserkrankungen, Kartografische Visualisierung, Mapping-Tools. Konkrete Anwendungsgebiete der Gesundheitsgeografie Unter anderem Epidemiologie, Gesundheitsversorgung sowie "Global Change and Health".

1. Migration and HIV infection : what does data from destination countries show? / Islene Araujo, Mary Haour-Knipe, Karl Dehne -- 2. Leaving loved ones behind : Mexican gay men's migration to the USA / Hector Carrillo -- 3. Concentrated disadvantages : neighbourhood context as a structural risk for Latino immigrants in the USA / Emilio A. Parrado, Chenoa A. Flippen, Leonardo Uribe -- 4. Conflict, forced migration, sexual behaviour, and HIV/AIDS / Bayard Roberts and Preeti Patel -- 5. Negotiating migration, gender, and sexuality : health and social services for HIV-positive people from minority ethnic backgrounds in Sydney / Henrike Karner -- 6. Treat with care : Africans and HIV in the UK / Jane Anderson -- 7. Touristic borderlands : ethnographic reflections on Dominican social geographies / Mark B. Padilla and Daniel Castellanos -- 8. Rice, rams, and remittances : bumsters and female tourists in the Gambia / Stella Nyanzi and Ousman Bah -- 9. Fantasies, dependency, and denial : HIV and the sex industry in Costa Rica / Jacobo Schifter and Felicity Thomas -- 10. 'Que gusto estar de vuelta en mi tierra' : the sexual geography of transnational migration / Jennifer Hirsch and Sergio Meneses Navarro -- 11. From migrating men to moving women : trends in South Africa's changing political economy and geography of intimacy / Mark Hunter -- 12. Labour migration and risky sexual behaviour : tea plantation workers in Kericho District, Kenya / Kennedy Nyabuti Ondimu -- 13. Young sex workers in Ethiopia : linking migration, sex work, and AIDS / Lorraine van Blerk -- 14. Labour migration and HIV risk in Papua New Guinea / Holly Wardlow -- 15. Migration, men's extramarital sex, and the risk of HIV infection in Nigeria / Daniel Jordan Smith -- 16. Migration, detachment, and HIV risk among rural-urban migrants in China / Xiushi Yang.

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Editor and Contributors -- Contributors -- Part I: Introduction -- The Arctic Region and Its Inhabitants -- 1 Borders of the Arctic -- 2 Prehistoric Human Settling of the Arctic -- 3 Ongoing Population and Health Developments in the Arctic -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- A Holistic Approach to One Health in the Arctic -- 1 What Is One Health? -- 2 The Role of the Veterinarian in One Health -- 3 One Health Concerns in the Circumpolar North -- 3.1 Zoonotic Diseases -- 4 Food Safety, Security, and Sovereignty -- 5 Contaminant Monitoring -- 6 Mental and Behavioral Health and Well-Being -- 7 Operationalizing One Health -- References -- Seasonal Animal Migrations and the Arctic: Ecology, Diversity, and Spread of Infectious Agents -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Arctic Migrations -- 2.1 A Seasonal Environment -- 2.2 Why Migrate to the Arctic? -- 2.3 Diversity of Arctic Migrations -- 2.3.1 Shorebirds: Global Distributions and Major Flyways -- 2.3.2 Arctic Geese: Large Birds and Populations, with Major Ecosystem Signatures -- 2.3.3 Caribou and Reindeer: Seasonal Movements Within the Arctic -- 2.3.4 Marine Migrants: Travelling to the Arctic to Feed -- 3 Migratory Animals and Their Role as Long-Distance Dispersers of Infectious Agents -- 4 Outlook -- 4.1 Changing Migrations and Threats to Migrants -- 4.2 What Do These Changes Mean for Migrants as Dispersers of Parasites and Pathogens? -- 4.3 Conservation of Migrants and Migrations -- 5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Part II: Major Health Threats to Arctic Animals and People -- Climate Change in Northern Regions -- 1 Scope -- 2 Climate Change: The Global Perspective -- 2.1 Consistent Indicators of a Warming Climate -- Box 1 Key Global Indicators of Climate Change and Their Recent Trend -- 2.2 Lines of Evidence of Human-Made Climate Change.

In this dissertation, ethnographic, historical and epidemiologic data are brought to bear on the subject of the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in Haiti. The forces that have helped to determine rates and pattern of spread of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are examined, as are social responses to AIDS in rural and urban Haiti, and in parts of North America. History and its calculus of economic and symbolic power also help to explain why residents of a small village in rural Haiti came to understand AIDS in the manner that they did. Drawing on several years of fieldwork, the evolution of a cultural model of AIDS is traced. In a small village in rural Haiti, it was possible to document first the lack of such a model, and then the elaboration over time of a widely shared representation of AIDS. The experience of three villagers who died of complications of AIDS is examined in detail, and the importance of their suffering to the evolution of a cultural model is demonstrated. Epidemiologic and ethnographic studies are prefaced by a geographically broad historical analysis, which suggests the outlines of relations between a powerful center (the United States) and a peripheral client state (Haiti). These relations constitute an important part of a political-economic network termed the "West Atlantic system." The epidemiology of HIV and AIDS in Haiti and elsewhere in the Caribbean is reviewed, and the relation between the degree of involvement in the West Atlantic system and the prevalence of HIV is suggested. It is further suggested that the history of HIV in the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, and the Bahamas is similar to that documented here for Haiti

Increased public awareness and interest, together with government financing of health services, have created a need for measures of health status that can aid in planning and evaluating health care delivery systems. From a developmental perspective, the general consensus among health researchers is that traditional measures of health status, morbidity and mortality are too insensitive to other outside influences to be of much use in evaluating health services.

Intro -- FrontMatter -- Reviewers -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Abstract -- Summary -- 1 Introduction and Overview -- 2 Empirical Analysis of Geographic Variation -- 3 Indexing Value in Medicare: The Role of Geographic Area Performance -- 4 Payment and Organizational Reforms to Improve Value -- Appendix A: Glossary -- Appendix B: Acronyms and Abbreviations -- Appendix C: Summary of Empirical Modeling Methodology -- Appendix D: Regression Model Specifications with "Clusters" of Predictors -- Appendix E: Harvard University Price Adjustment Memorandums -- Appendix F: Harvard Market Variables Memorandum -- Appendix G: Selected Results of the Committee's Commissioned Empirical Analyses -- Appendix H: Public Workshop Agendas -- Appendix I: Committee Biographies.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Original Title -- Original Copyright -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Preface -- 1. The Geographical Basis of Organisation -- The Development of NHS Organisation -- Dislocations in the System -- 2. Regional Variations in Need and Provision -- Needs, Demands, Supply and Use -- Geographical Redistribution -- 3. The Location of Primary Care -- General Medical Practitioners -- Community Nurses -- Health Centres -- Dental, Ophthalmic and Pharmaceutical Services -- Other Primary Health Services -- 4. The Location of Hospitals -- Policies and Trends -- Centralisation versus Dispersal -- Regional Disparities -- 5. Transport to Health Services -- Personal Mobility -- Voluntary Transport Schemes -- The Ambulance Service -- 6. Health Care in Rural Areas -- Effects of Inaccessibility -- Isolated Rural Areas -- Policy Options -- 7. Health Care in the Inner City -- Characteristics of Inner-city Populations -- The Acheson Report -- Conditions outside London -- Policy Issues -- 8. Health Services for All -- Geographical Impact of Private Health Services -- Interdependence of Social Welfare Services -- Priorities in the NHS -- Radical Proposals for Change -- Towards Geographical Equity -- References -- Index.

The relevance of research in the field of human ecology – both in terms of its theoretical development and further application – at the present stage of development of scientific thought is revealed in the paper. It is noted that the formation of human ecology took several scientific lines in correlation of ecology with biological and social (sociological) components. The history of human ecology is briefly described, a review of scientific views on the problems of human ecology is given, and the contribution of various sciences to the development and formation of human ecology is noted. The special position of human ecology in the system of sciences is designated. The role of medical geography for the development of domestic human ecology is described. Regional anthropoecological studies are given as an example of applied research in the field of human ecology.