Suchergebnisse

Cover -- DIGITAL MEDIA DISTRIBUTION -- Title -- Copyright -- CONTENTS -- List of Figures -- Introduction: Media Distribution Today -- SECTION 1: CONCEPTUALIZING DISTRIBUTION AND CIRCULATION -- 1. Points of Origin: Asking Questions in Distribution Research -- 2. Media Circulation: Reconceptualizing Television Distribution and Exhibition -- 3. Reassessing the "Space in Between": Distribution Studies in Transition -- 4. Disingenuous Intermediaries: The Gatekeeping Power of Distributors and Publishers -- 5. The Circulation Game: Shifting Production Logics and Circulation Moments in the Digital Games Industry -- 6. Questioning the Content Supply Model: A Provocation -- SECTION 2: DISTRIBUTION ECOSYSTEMS AND CULTURES -- 7. "Tech-Tonic" Shifts: The U.S. and China Models of Online Screen Distribution -- 8. Language, Culture, and Streaming Video in India: The Pragmatics and Politics of Media Distribution -- 9. "Sorry about That": Hopes and Promises of Geoblocking's End -- 10. Global TV Markets and Digital Distribution -- 11. Children's Television in an Era of Digital Distribution: Arab and European Responses -- 12. Distribution, Infrastructure, and Markets: SVOD Services in Latin America -- 13. VOD: Formal Challengers for Nollywood's Informal Domestic Market -- 14. The King Is Dead, Long Live the Algorithm: MindGeek and the Digital Distribution of Adult Film -- 15. Amazon and Automated Recommendations: Distribution and Discovery in the Book Trade -- 16. Free, Bundled, or Personalized? Rethinking Price and Value in Digital Distribution -- 17. "Every Day Should Be a Holiday": Black Friday and the Importance of Retail in the Circulation of Media -- Acknowledgments -- Contributors -- Index.

Context
The bell miner (Manorina melanophrys) is thought to prefer the dense vegetation of Lantana camara, a dominating noxious weed, to nest in compared with native plant communities in northern New South Wales and south-eastern Queensland. As miner numbers seemed to have increased with increased availability of nesting habitat, larger numbers of despotic bell miners territorially reduce native avian diversity. The resultant high insect numbers in the canopy lead to dieback. It is unknown to what extent the native bell miner relies on lantana for nesting sites and if restoration through removal of lantana, resulting in an influx of native species, changes food availability and thus foraging behaviours.

Aims
The objective of our study was to understand the relationship between the presence of lantana and bell miners by determining: (1) bell miner behaviours in response to different understorey types; (2) bell miner nesting choices on a broad scale; (3) nesting preference for each site on a broad scale; and (4) whether nest height is related to fledging success.

Methods
Fifty individual bell miners were observed within five colonies (four containing comparison quadrats of treated and intact lantana as part of a restoration study and one containing water vine for comparison as a pristine site; n=10 per treatment) during four seasons. Five bouts of gleaning, probing or sallying were observed, noting height and plant species. Nest sites were examined over a large area, noting plant species present, nest height and plant height.

Key results
Bell miners used gleaning as the primary foraging tactic primarily in eucalypts (93%; n=600, mean=13.6m±0.29, s.e.). Bell miners generally nested in understorey vegetation (83.5% of nests observed) at a mean height of 2.7m in 37 different plant species, native and exotic. Nest height did not influence the probability of broods fledging.

Conclusions
Bell miners exhibit considerable nest plasticity, and the removal of lantana as an oft-used nesting habitat is unlikely to lead to relocation by this species.

Implications
Instead, future research needs to focus on canopy insect assemblages in bell miner colonies, a potentially more important determinant of bell miner distribution.

An Air Force technical report, known by two titles and closeted from public view not once but twice, was freed of restrictions via Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request filed by the staff of the Paul V. Galvin Library in 2015. This allowed the report to be scanned and posted online as part of Galvin's Contrails digital initiative. This presentation follows the history of the report and its importance in the field of hemodynamics. The report has been cited under one title at least 200 times, and under the other title at least 100 times, and continues to be cited under both titles to the present day. Theories are presented that explain the emergence of the two varying titles, the role of government restrictions on public availability of the report played in the continued inconsistency of citations, and the variation of the patterns of citations based on the type of publications in which the report was cited. In summation, this presentation will provide an anecdotal example of the damage inflicted on scientific research by arbitrary government restrictions on the availability of taxpayer funded research, illustrating the value of the successful FOIA request.

The potential of the Internet to act as a global distribution outlet for screen content has long come into conflict with the nationally focused strategies of producers, broadcasters, governments and Internet service providers. Online viewing therefore acts as a useful case study for interrogating how tensions between 'global' and 'local' manifest within an increasingly digitized media landscape. This article examines the online viewing markets in three countries at different stages of digital maturity (South Korea, Brazil and India) to consider how online viewing has evolved in each. It then examines audience questionnaire and interview data generated in each country to explore how viewers are making sense of and valuing online viewing services. By interrogating all three samples before focusing specifically on India in more detail, it examines two tensions within the global expansion of online film and television distribution: between global trends and local infrastructures and between the ideals of online viewing services and the grounded realities of their daily use.

Bell miner (Manorina melanophrys) colonies are closely associated with decreased avian abundance and diversity and an apparently associated increase in psyllid abundance. However, a causative link between the presence of bell miners and increased psyllid abundance has yet to be established. We took advantage of the movement of bell miners into two new areas to investigate the ecological consequences of bell miner occupation on both avian and psyllid abundance. We monitored the number of bell miners and other avian species, using area searches, and psyllid abundance by monthly counts of lerp on leaves. Bell miner presence alone had limited effect on either bird diversity or abundance. However, when miners were also giving their distinctive 'tink' vocalisation, a significant decrease in avian abundance and diversity was observed. This evidence supports the hypothesis that 'tink' vocalisations are used by interspecific competitors to detect bell miner colonies. At the time of initial occupation, new sites did not have significantly elevated levels of psyllids compared with surrounding areas unoccupied by bell miners. Six months later one of the two newly occupied sites had significantly more Cardiaspina spp. than either the long-established colony or an unoccupied control site. In contrast, infestations of Glycaspis spp. remained significantly lower at both new sites when compared with the long-established colony, but equivalent to unoccupied areas. Given this, we conclude that bell miner occupation does not necessarily lead to an increase in psyllid abundance, characteristic of tree dieback in some colonies, and that a causative link between bell miner presence and declining tree health remains to be demonstrated.

The potential of the internet to act as a global distribution outlet for screen content has long come into conflict with the nationally-focused strategies of producers, broadcasters, governments and internet service providers. Online viewing therefore acts as a useful case study for interrogating how tensions between 'global' and 'local' manifest within an increasingly digitized media landscape. This article examines the online viewing markets in three countries at different stages of digital maturity (South Korea, Brazil, India) to consider how online viewing has evolved in each. It then examines audience questionnaire and interview data generated in each country to explore how viewers are making sense of and valuing online viewing services. By interrogating all three samples before focusing specifically on India in more detail, it examines two tensions within the global expansion of online film and television distribution: between global trends and local infrastructures, and between the ideals of online viewing services and the grounded realities of their daily use.