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International audience ; This paper aims to identify types of landowners in Lower Iraq, where land was asocial,political and economic issue, especiallyduring the 8 th century. The focus on landholders determines the characterisation of the imperial as well as regional Lower Iraqi elite. It takes into consideration Jewish and Christian landowners (for example, ecclesiastical landed elites in the Nestorian community), Persianl andowners (for example, the dahāqīn who settledi nt he region before the Islamic conquest) and the landed Islamic elites (who are related to the conqueringg roup). With this typology, Is hedl ight not onlyo nt he diversity of landede lites in Lower Iraq but also on the subgroup of Islamic landowners. Defining landownergroups is aprerequisite to the studyofthe interplaybetween local and imperial elites over the course of the 8 th century.Thisperiod is regarded as that of the rise of Islamic elites.Researchers agree these elites werenolongers pecificallyb ound to military functions, ad evelopmentw ith consequences for other landed groups.S ubsequent interplays took place in the context of inter-a nd intra-group relationships. This paper seeks to offer at ypologyo f these interactions in order to understand the relationships and power ratios at stake.

International audience ; This paper aims to identify types of landowners in Lower Iraq, where land was asocial,political and economic issue, especiallyduring the 8 th century. The focus on landholders determines the characterisation of the imperial as well as regional Lower Iraqi elite. It takes into consideration Jewish and Christian landowners (for example, ecclesiastical landed elites in the Nestorian community), Persianl andowners (for example, the dahāqīn who settledi nt he region before the Islamic conquest) and the landed Islamic elites (who are related to the conqueringg roup). With this typology, Is hedl ight not onlyo nt he diversity of landede lites in Lower Iraq but also on the subgroup of Islamic landowners. Defining landownergroups is aprerequisite to the studyofthe interplaybetween local and imperial elites over the course of the 8 th century.Thisperiod is regarded as that of the rise of Islamic elites.Researchers agree these elites werenolongers pecificallyb ound to military functions, ad evelopmentw ith consequences for other landed groups.S ubsequent interplays took place in the context of inter-a nd intra-group relationships. This paper seeks to offer at ypologyo f these interactions in order to understand the relationships and power ratios at stake.

Featuring over five hundred illustrations and forty tables, this book is a collection of in-depth discussions by a tremendous range of experts on topics related to wildlife and fisheries management in Mississippi. Beginning with foundational chapters on natural resource history and conservation planning, the authors discuss the delicate balance between profit and land stewardship. A series of chapters about the various habitat types and the associated fish and wildlife populations that dominate them follow. Several chapters expand on the natural history and specific management techniques of