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Lesser Civil Wars: Civilians Defining War and the Memory of War is an edited volume that surveys three hundred years of the Memory of war and the Will to war in the greater Ohio River Valley and Great Lakes region. Military theorists from von Clausewitz, to Dingiswayo and Chandragupta, calculated the Will of their own soldiers and of the enemy's soldiers. Sometimes the Will is assigned an erroneously low strength, as Abraham Lincoln learned quickly at the onset of the United States Civil War.In this volume, we examine the civilian production of the national Will to fight future wars through the least civil war - each individual's war to remember or to forget - and no armistice or accord brings this internal battle to an end. This is not a book about the atrocities committed during war. This is a book about the very nature of the Will-Memory-Will cycle, where the Memory of war continues for generations until a new war requires the resurrection of the Will. As these essays show, sometimes it only takes a few individuals to prosecute these Memory wars with rules of engagement that do not necessarily include civil behavior.By focusing on microhistories from a specific region and by bracketing the US Civil War with an essay about a century prior to it and essays about the century following it, we are able to demonstrate the power and energy of the incubating stage of Memory in the Will-Memory-Will cycle. In the greater Ohio River Valley and Great Lakes region, ordinary civilians controlled and incubated the memories of the Iroquois Wars, the French and Indian/Sevens' Years War (1756-1763), the American Revolution (1776-1783) and the War of 1812, and they converted Memory into the Will to fight the US Civil War and the Vietnam War. In these chapters, we present micro-wars between civilians over control of the Will of a nation. They are, indeed, lesser

"John W. Nelson charts the many peoples that traversed and sought power along Chicago's portage paths from the seventeenth to the mid-nineteenth centuries, including Indigenous Illinois traders, French explorers, Jesuit missionaries, Meskwaki warriors, British officers, Anishinaabe headmen, and American settlers. Each group sought to harness Chicago's portages as a space of waterborne movement in a bid for wider regional control. Nelson compellingly demonstrates that even deep within the interior, power relations fluctuated based on the control of waterways and local environmental knowledge. The book challenges readers to take waterborne mobility and strategic geography seriously while showing how Native peoples, along with incoming Europeans, leveraged Chicago's waterways and portage paths to consolidate their control over the region. Pushing beyond political and cultural explanations for Indigenous-European relations and eventual US conquest in the borderlands of North America, Nelson shows how the environments in which collaboration and contest took place directly influenced such interactions"--

During the American Revolution the British enjoyed a unified alliance with their Native allies in the Great Lakes region of North America. By the War of 1812, however, that "chain of friendship" had devolved into smaller, more local alliances. To understand how and why this pivotal shift occurred, Restoring the Chain of Friendship examines British and Native relations in the Great Lakes region between the end of the American Revolution and the end of the War of 1812.

Slavery was more important in the Great Lakes region than often has been assumed and Africans from the interior played a more complex role than was previously recognised.These ten 10 studies by the most prominent historians of the region. They reveal the connections between the peoples of the region as well as their encounters with conquering Europeans.Slavery was not a uniform phenomenon and the line between enslaved and non-slave labour was fine. This book challenges the assertion that domestic slavery increased in Africa as the result of the international trade.HENRI MEDARD is a Lecturer in History at the University of Paris I Pantheon Sorbonne and Cemaj; SHANE DOYLE is a Lecturer in History at Leeds UniversityContributors include: DAVID SCHOENBRUN, JAN-GEORG DEUTSCH, MARK LEOPOLD, RICHARD REID, HOLLY HANSON, EDWARD I. STEINHART, JEAN-PIERRE CHRETIEN & SHANE DOYLENorth America: Ohio U Press; Uganda: Fountain Publishers; Kenya: EAEP

1. The role of biology and ecological engineering in watershed and river restoration -- 2. Codification, case studies, and methods for economic analysis of river systems -- 3. Estimating willingness to pay for additional protection of Ohio surface waters : contingent valuation of water quality -- 4. The economics of high-head dam removal in an ecological context : a case study of the Ballville Dam, Fremont, Ohio -- 5. The economics of low-head dam removal : a case study on the Salmon River in Fort Covington, New York -- 6. Economic analysis of infrastructure and water quality improvements in the Muskingum River Corridor -- 7. Economic analysis of water quality and recreational benefits of the Hocking River Valley -- 8. Effects of pesticide use and farming practices on water treatment costs in Maumee River Basin communities -- 9. Economic efficiency and distribution evaluation of dredging of toxic sediments and selected dam removal in the Mahoning River -- 10. An economic analysis of Lower Great Miami River segment improvements -- 11. The Cuyahoga River Valley initiative : framing, codification, and preliminary economic analysis in an urban river corridor -- 12. Overview, key findings, and approaches including benefit transfer for generalization of research results.

The field of Bioregional Planning is a relatively new approach to the study and management of land and the built environment. It addresses natural resources, human systems, environmental conditions, hazards, threats, and opportunities as they relate to public health, safety, and welfare on a regional scale. The Master's program at Utah State University integrates the fields of Economics, Planning, Sociology, Political Science, Landscape Ecology, and Natural Resources in order to address the multifaceted threats facing communities, ecosystems, and economies within an interdisciplinary graduate program.