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Totalitarianism and art ; Propaganda, Communist -- Soviet Union ; Propaganda, Communist -- China ; Nazi propaganda ; Fascist propaganda -- Italy ; Political posters . Grafikdesign, Kommunikationsgestaltung, Plakat, Plakatgestaltung - Totalitäre Systeme, Diktatur, Propoganda

Der große gegenseitige Einfluss welchen Theater und Politik aufeinander ausüben ist vor allem im Irland des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts sehr ausgeprägt und anhand von Ereignissen, wie etwa den "Playboyriots" oder der recht ähnlichen Reaktion des Theaterpublikums auf Stücke wie "The Plough and the Stars" leicht ersichtlich. Die in dieser Arbeit untersuchten Dramen reflektieren oder kommentieren wichtige historische Ereignisse der irischen Zeitgeschichte und nehmen dabei teils gegensätzliche Betrachtungsweisen ein. Dramatiker wie Sean O'Casey, Frank McGuinness, Dennis Johnston oder Brian Friel bedienen sich des Mediums des Dramas um über die Geschehnisse in ihrem Vaterland zu reflektieren und ihre persönlichen politischen Botschaften weiterzugeben. Ziel dieser Diplomarbeit ist es aufzuzeigen und zu untersuchen wie die oben genannten Dramatiker das politische und historische Geschehen, insbesondere den Ersten Weltkrieg, den Osteraufstand von 1916 und die Geschehnisse des Blutsonntags 1972 reflektieren, in ihre Dramen inkorporieren und somit das Geschehen kommentierten.Zum Zweck dieser Analyse werden zunächst die historischen Ereignisse in eigenen Kapiteln kurz und knapp dargelegt. Diese historischen Darstellungen sind dann gefolgt von einer Analyse von je zwei irischen Dramen, welche das jeweilige historische Ereignis thematisieren:Sean O'Casey - The Silver Tassie & Frank McGuinness - Observe the Sons of Ulster Marching towards the Somme, Sean O'Casey - The Plough and the Stars & Dennis Johnston - The Scythe and the Sunset, Frank McGuinness - Carthaginians & Brian Friel - The Freedom of the City.Die aus diesen Detailanalysen gewonnenen Erkenntnisse werden anschließend zusammengefasst und ein Vergleich der verschiedenen dargestellten Sichtweisen vorgenommen. ; Literature, theater and politics have always influenced each other in a variety of contexts, however, this influence is particularly apparent when it comes to what is often referred to as the "Irish Literary Revival" as promoted by such important authors as W.B. Yeats or Lady Gregory. Not only has the Irish National Theater had an important role to play in the Irish Freedom Movement and the creation of an Irish Free State, the Republic of Ireland, but it has also payed tribute to such problems as World War One or the Northern Ireland Troubles. Playwrights such as Sean O'Casey, Frank McGuinness, Dennis Johnston or Brian Friel are using the means of the unique medium of drama to convey their political messages and to reflect on 20th century Irish history. This thesis will examine, explore and illustrate how the above mentioned playwrights reflect on and deal with important aspects of Irish history, such as World War I, the Easter Rising or Bloody Sunday in Northern Ireland.The purpose of this thesis is to highlight the different points of view dramatists take on important historical developments and events and to illustrate how these different attitudes and positions are represented in a number of their plays. For this purpose each of the three above listed historical cornerstones of Irish contemporary history will at first be reflected on as such. The plays treating with these events will then be compared and put in context with both, the actual historical facts as well as the other plays dealing with the very same topic. For this purpose the following plays will be evaluated and compared: Sean O'Casey's The Silver Tassie & Frank McGuinness's Observe the Sons of Ulster Marching towards the Somme, Sean O'Casey's The Plough and the Stars & Dennis Johnston's The Scythe and the Sunset, Frank McGuinness's Carthaginians & Brian Friel's The Freedom of the City. ; vorgelegt von Lukas Rathner ; Zsfassung in dt. und engl. Sprache ; Graz, Univ., Dipl.-Arb., 2014 ; (VLID)240100

Defence date: 24 September 2021; Examining Board: Professor Lucy Riall (European University Institute); Professor Alexander Etkind (European University Institute); Professor John Foot (University of Bristol); Professor Marla Stone (Occidental College) ; My PhD has utilised the cultural representation of Italy's most popular military figure from the Fascist period to account for the myth-making and warped remembrance of Rodolfo Graziani in Modern-day Italy. By proving himself to Mussolini with his brutal tactics, namely, mass hangings, the erection of concentration camps, and utilisation of poison gas during the Italian 'pacification' of Libya in the 1920's and the Fascist conquest of Ethiopia in 1936, my project highlights that Graziani was chosen by the Fascist government to be a national imperial war hero. Facilitated by the dawn of totalitarianism and mass consumption, the propaganda campaign to promote the Fascist Empire utilised Graziani as a modern-day celebrity, through many mediums, which became the source base for my research. Images of Graziani filtered back to Italy in the 1930s through postcards, books, magazines, film, radio, busts and the like. During the Second World War, collaboration with the Nazis under the Salò Republic led to his trial in 1948, but his colonial crimes remained unquestioned, testament to the effect of heroisation for his previous colonial career. Since then, this manipulation of historical consciousness has continued to pervade Italian society as the state searched for a collective 'usable' past from the remnants of the Fascist dictatorship. As Mussolini's most popular enterprise, colonial ambition remained a shared goal across the political spectrum in the immediate post-war period. By countering national insecurities through the utilisation of male symbols, men like Graziani provided an opportunity to promote such ideals through untainted virtues of masculinity. Institutionally therefore, the role of individuals in bringing 'civilisation' to its African colonies continued to be revered in post-fascist and post-colonial Italy. Moreover, most recently, a regionally funded monument that was built in Graziani's honour near Rome in 2012 only led to public outcry abroad and from interested national parties with almost no negative response from the Italian public. Graziani's memory thus remains a fervent, multifaceted one and signifies tension in popular attitudes to Italy fascist and colonial history. It is with this timely and noteworthy case-study that I aim to shed light on the persistently neglected darker aspects of Italy's recent past.

Courtship, cohabitation, marriage, divorce, remarriage, and bereavement: family transitions in the 20th century -- How families lived -- Work and family life -- Rituals: how families developed and maintained shared meanings -- Mothers and motherhood -- Men in families -- Children and adolescents in families -- Family abuse and neglect: the dark side of families -- Alternative family forms

"Immigration has been a controversial topic throughout American history. Debates about whether or not immigrants adversely affect the American economy, exacerbate crime, threaten American values and quality of life, and should or should not be allowed into the country existed since the first European settlers came to America. However, these controversies intensified during the last four decades of the 20th century and spilled over into the 21st century because American laws allowed mass immigration to occur despite growing environmental, social, and cultural concerns"--

In 1964, the Italian poet Alda Merini was hospitalized in a mental hospital in Milan as the result of a violent fight with her husband. Merini would spend ten years in and out of hospital, while her relationship with her family and with the literary circles in which she moved deteriorated. Merini's experience in the asylum is narrated in her memoir L'altra verità. Diario di una diversa (1986). Through an analysis of some crucial passages in the memoir, this article seeks to demonstrate that Diario is a work charged with both literary and historical value that deserves more scholarly attention. Merini's memories shed new light on the situation of psychiatric patients, and especially of women, in Italy before and after Basaglia's reforms on mental institutions. Demonstrating how the abuse that she suffered in the hospital reflects society's attitudes toward mental illness, disability, and women, Merini shows that the type of trauma narrative that is produced under institutions of coercive control – such as the mental asylum – will often be one of resistance to oppression.

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Timeline of Major Events that Affected Families in the 20th Century -- 1. Courtship, Cohabitation, Marriage, Divorce, Remarriage, and Bereavement: Family Transitions in the 20th Century -- 2. How Families Lived -- 3. Work and Family Life -- 4. Rituals: How Families Developed and Maintained Shared Meanings -- 5. Mothers and Motherhood -- 6. Men in Families -- 7. Children and Adolescents in Families -- 8. Family Abuse and Neglect: The Dark Side of Families -- 9. Alternative Family Forms -- References -- Index.

Abstract
After Poland gained independence in 1918, logic developed very quickly both as a scientific direction and as a taught discipline. This introduction to the special issue "Logic in Poland in the 20th Century," published in Volume 13:1 (2024) and Volume 13:2 (2024), provides the historical context for the development of logic in the interwar period.