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THE FAMOUS FRONTISPIECE OF LEVIATHAN THAT DISPLAYS A KING'S BODY COMPOSED OF HIS COUNTLESS SUBJECTS IS A MAGNIFICENT IMAGE OF SOVEREIGNTY, EXEMPLIFYING THE CONFIDENT BELIEF THAT THE LIVES AND INTERESTS OF THE INDIVIDUALS THAT COMPOSE A NATION ARE ALL INVESDTED IN THE HEALTH AND SECURITY OF THE COMMONWEALTH. SWIFT'S READING OF THE FIGURE WAS, CHARACTERISTICALLY, LESS THAN CELEBRATORY; HE LIKENED IT TO 'A CARRION CORRUPTED INTO VERMIN, STILL PRESERVING THE SHAPE AND FIGURE OF THE MOTHER ANIMAL'.1 THIS VIVID IMAGE MAY SERVE TO INTRODUCE A THEME OF SWIFT'S POLITICAL THOUGHT THAT FORMS THE SUBJECT OF THIS PAPER: HIS CONCERN AT THE DISINTEGRATION OF THE NATION INTO CELLS. WHILE HOBBES AND THE ENGRAVER OF THE FRONTISPIECE WERE DRAWING UPON THE OLD MICROCOSM /MACROCOSM ANALOGY IN THEIR PORTRAYAL OF THE STATE AS A GREAT ARTIFICIAL MAN, SWIFT COULD NOT TAKE THIS STALE PLATITUDE SERIOUSLY ANY LONGER.2 HIS ATTENTION WAS DRAWN NOT TO THE SOLIDARITY OF THE LITTLE FIGURES BUT TO THEIR ESSENTIAL ATOMIC SEPARATENESS.

Political change in the Bakers, Food and Allied
Workers Union during 1960‐80 is examined and
the role of "parties" (legitimate and permanent
groups) and "factions" (non‐legitimate and
transient groups) in unions is discussed. Whether
the presence of specifically "party competition"
may be used to distinguish democratic unions from
non‐democratic ones is questioned, demonstrating
that factions may attain legitimacy, supposedly the
key distinguishing attribute of parties. Secondly,
it is argued that electoral outcomes and group
fortunes may be crucially affected by autonomous
shifts in membership goals rather than determined
by the relative organising ability of elite group
leaders (as is usually assumed). The spread of
compulsory secret ballots may stimulate greater
efforts to influence elections but also engender
less stable groupings. Finally, no necessary
connection is detected between the citizen as
voter and the trade unionist as voter.

What are the primary factions within the Democratic and Republican parties, and to what extent do rival factions cooperate? We address these questions using a unique data set of information sharing between party organizations, media outlets, 527s, and interest groups. Using social network methods, we identify two major information-sharing clusters, or expanded party networks; these networks correspond to a liberal/Democratic grouping and a conservative/Republican grouping. We further identify factions within each party network, but we find a high degree of cooperation between party factions. That is, our data suggest that beneath the intraparty disagreements we observe in primary elections and policy debates there is a subterranean pattern of organizational cooperation.

What are the primary factions within the Democratic and Republican parties, and to what extent do rival factions cooperate? We address these questions using a unique data set of information sharing between party organizations, media outlets, 527s, and interest groups. Using social network methods, we identify two major information-sharing clusters, or expanded party networks; these networks correspond to a liberal/Democratic grouping and a conservative/Republican grouping. We further identify factions within each party network, but we find a high degree of cooperation between party factions. That is, our data suggest that beneath the intraparty disagreements we observe in primary elections and policy debates there is a subterranean pattern of organizational cooperation. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright holder.]