Suchergebnisse

La Constitución argentina, aunque proyectó una política migratoria generosa, dio a la autoridad estatal competencia para regular el ingreso y la salida de extranjeros. La legislación y la jurisprudencia aplicaron las cláusulas constitucionales respectivas de manera variable, según las circunstancias políticas de cada época. Tales cláusulas deben ser hoy leídas de conformidad con el derecho internacional de los derechos humanos. ; The Argentinian Constitution, although it established a generous immigration policy, recognised the State authority to regulate the entry and exit of aliens. The respective constitutional clauses have been applied through legislation and jurisprudence in a changing way, according to the political circumstances of the time. Such clauses must now be interpreted in accordance with the international law of human rights. ; Fil: Arlettaz, Fernando Emmanuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina

With the expulsion of the Jesuits from the government of Tucumán, dependent on the viceroyalty of Peru, there were riots in the cities of Jujuy and Salta, in which Lieutenant Colonel Juan Manuel Fernández Campero, governor of the province, was implicated on the one hand , and wounded by a bullet in a skirmish, and by other members of the local elites, considered partisans of the Society of Jesus, who participated for their own benefit in the Juntas created for the sale of Jesuit assets, and which were protected by the Audiencia de Charcas. The Consejo Extraordinario, after ordering the principals involved in those events to be taken to Spain, carried out an investigation that lasted until february 1777, when a real resolution lifted the penalties imposed on the accused of sedition. ; Con la expulsión de los jesuitas de la gobernación de Tucumán, dependiente del virreinato del Perú, se vivieron tumultos en las ciudades de Jujuy y Salta, en los que se vieron implicados por una parte el teniente coronel Juan Manuel Fernández Campero, gobernador de la provincia, y herido de bala en una refriega, y por otra miembros de las élites locales, considerados partidarios de la Compañía de Jesús, que participaban en provecho propio en las juntas creadas para la venta de los bienes de los jesuitas, y que se hallaban protegidos por la Audiencia de Charcas. El Consejo Extraordinario, tras ordenar que fueran conducidos a Españas los principales implicados en aquellos hechos, realizó una investigación que se prolongó hasta febrero de 1777, en que una resolución real levantó las penas impuestas a los acusados de sedición.

Abstract
With Russia outside the Council of Europe, the possibilities for successful litigation against the state by Russian citizens have become limited. In more ways than one, Russians made the Strasbourg court their own. Russia was among the states with the most applications against it. At the same time, victims of Russia's abuses, dissenters, and human rights defenders were among the ECtHR's main beneficiaries. Despite Russia's mixed record of compliance, the Court provided a singular avenue for accountability, and served as a catalyst for domestic mobilization. Expulsion appears to have accelerated authoritarian decline. Although it is hard to know how much stronger respect for human rights would have been had Russia remained, in the absence of European Court, human rights in Russia face massive challenges. The cost of expulsion raises questions about how human rights institutions should balance institutional legitimacy and condemnation of states with responsibility to the people living within them.

For over 700 years Czechs and Germans lived together in those lands which in this century would be consolidated as Czechoslovakia. It was not always a harmonious existence, but a kind of symbiosis did develop which sustained the relationship to the point where one group was unthinkable without the other. All of that changed in the twentieth century in an age characterized by awakening, intolerant ethnic nationalism and total war. Indeed, by the end of the Thirty Years' War of this century, the long Czech-German relationship in Bohemia came to a bitter, and seemingly permanent, end through the expulsion of the Germans of Czechoslovakia.

The international community has been called upon to ramp up efforts to end statelessness and provided with a guiding framework of 10 Actions. This dossier presents the practical consequences of expulsion, both direct and indirect outcomes of collective violence, directed towards the Rohingyas. Touching upon the nexus between children's rights, human trafficking, and practical challenges associated on-the-ground, the dossier also discusses the imperative need for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) states—collectively as a region—to take steps in fulfilling Action 7 of the Global Action Plan through the birth registration of Rohingya children as part of their existing efforts in order to enhance the protection of refugee children.

Intro -- MEMBERS OF CONGRESS: TRENDS IN CHARACTERISTICS AND TERMS OF SERVICE -- MEMBERS OF CONGRESS: TRENDS IN CHARACTERISTICS AND TERMS OF SERVICE -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1: REPRESENTATIVES AND SENATORS: TRENDS IN MEMBER CHARACTERISTICS SINCE 1945 -- SUMMARY -- CHARACTERISTICS OF REPRESENTATIVES AND SENATORS -- Age -- Congressional Service Tenure -- Representatives -- Senators -- Sex -- Representatives -- Senators -- Previous Occupation -- Representatives -- Senators -- Race and Ethnicity -- Representatives -- Senators -- Education -- Religion -- Representatives -- Senators -- Military Service -- CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS -- MEMBER CHARACTERISTICS DATA TABLES -- Age -- Congressional Service Tenure -- Sex -- Previous Occupation -- Race/Ethnicity -- Education -- Religion -- Military Service -- APPENDIX: DEVELOPING MEMBER DATA -- Member Characteristics -- Congressional Service Tenure -- Comparing Members to the U.S. Population -- Education -- Previous Occupation -- Race and Ethnicity -- Religion -- End Notes -- Chapter 2: CONGRESSIONAL CAREERS: SERVICE TENURE AND PATTERNS OF MEMBER SERVICE, 1789-2011 -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODOLOGY -- Data -- Summary Statistics -- AVERAGE SERVICE TENURE -- House of Representatives -- Senate -- Analysis -- The Rate of Members Seeking Re-Election -- Re-election Success Rate -- Discussion -- PATTERNS OF CONGRESSIONAL SERVICE -- Distribution of Service Experience -- Cross-Chamber Experience -- CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS -- End Notes -- Chapter 3: AVERAGE YEARS OF SERVICE FOR MEMBERS OF THE SENATE AND HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, 1ST - 111TH CONGRESSES -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- ANALYSIS OF DATA -- House of Representatives -- Senate -- End Notes -- Chapter 4: FIRST-TERM MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES AND SENATE, 64TH - 112TH CONGRESSES