Suchergebnisse

He identified the existence of five metropolitan áreas in Mexico in 1940, extended to twelve in 1960 (Unikel, 1978). ; In 1978 Luis Unikel introduced the idea of the metropolitan área. This was conceived as a political-administrative unit.

It is often argued that countries with a high population share of children and young workers should attract large capital inflows from aging industrialized economies. However, many of these countries deter foreign investors by a high risk of creeping or outright expropriation. In this paper we explore whether the correlation between countries' demographic structure and the perceived security of property rights reflects a causal relationship. We show that, in low-income countries, the ratio of young to old workers has a positive effect on the perceived security of property rights if the political system is sufficiently democratic. By contrast, this relationship cannot be observed in middle income countries. [Copyright Elsevier B.V.]

He identified the existence of five metropolitan áreas in Mexico in 1940, extended to twelve in 1960 (Unikel, 1978). ; In 1978 Luis Unikel introduced the idea of the metropolitan área. This was conceived as a political-administrative unit.

SummaryThe combination of results from the 1971 Population Census and data specific to Birmingham make it possible to revise past estimates of the numbers of coloured persons in Great Britain. Such information also permits projections of the relative age structures of the coloured and total populations of Birmingham under differing fertility assumptions and Thomas's (1970) conclusions may therefore be revised.

AbstractThe paper considers how the productivity and innovations of Russian regions are associated with the heterogeneity of the population by ethno‐linguistic affiliation, as well as by country and region of origin. The study contributes to the corpus of papers on economic impact of cultural diversity with the focus on Russia and addresses questions what are the spatial effects of the impact. We find positive associations of the productivity with population heterogeneity by country and region of origin, and the knowledge generation with heterogeneity within the group of immigrants. Our results also contribute to the economic policy by obtaining positive significant spatial effects for the productivity and knowledge creation for Russian regions and by defining main significant factors for these effects.

The paper deals with identifying modern features of population structure of Lviv city as the metropolis of the western region of Ukraine. It has been done by using comparative analysis of gender and age structure of Lviv population with the urban population of Lviv region and with the east and south Ukrainian metropolises. Th e modern peculiarities of gender and age composition of Lviv population are considered according to a set of indicators using statistical and demographic methods of structure and dynamics analysis as well as comparative assessment of structures using the model of stable population. Demographic structure is analyzed with estimation methods which haven't been used in studies of these territorial objects yet. Th ere are several diff erent "thresholds" of sexes balancing age in the population of Lviv and other metropolises, which is explained by the gender specifi cs of educational and labor migration to these cities as educational and economic centers of Ukraine with their inherent features of economic major. Th e analysis revealed that among the considered cities the population of Lviv is younger, it has a slightly higher proportion of youth and women in reproductive age, signifi cantly lower demographic burden on population of working age by older people and higher burden by children and adolescents. Th ese features are associated with more favorable regime of natural reproduction and refl ects the existing and potential demoeconomic advantages of Lviv against the background of the south and east cities. Th e population of Lviv is, however, demographically older than the urban population of Lviv region (minus the regional center) due to relatively higher life expectancy and slightly lower reproductive activity. Th e study has underlined the diff erences between Lviv and studied metropolises of the south and east in terms of its demographic structure. It should be noted that although in the short and medium term the population aging in Lviv will be pro gressing, but in general the center of the western region of Ukraine has better demographic prerequisites for socio-economic development and, in particular, spurring the innovation.

PurposeThis study investigates the impact of demographic structural changes on economic growth using data for Asian economies covering the period 1960–2020. Other factors affecting economic growth, such as human capital, are also considered.Design/methodology/approachA fixed-effects model and a fixed-effects model with endogenous covariates are used to examine a dynamic demographic model covering different age cohorts (i.e. youth-age, working-age and old-age populations) and other factors impacting economic growth.FindingsThe working-age population share, the labour force relative to the working-age population and growth of the actively employed population have significant and positive impacts on economic growth. Population growth and the youth-age population share exert a significant and negative impact on economic growth. A second and silver demographic dividend is found arising from a significant and positive association between the old-age population and economic growth. Human capital has an inverted U-shaped association with economic growth. Environmental degradation is significantly and negatively related to economic growth. No evidence is found for the importance of migration.Practical implicationsThe positive association between the old-age population and economic growth indicates the policy significance of retirement-income systems with high coverage to enhance economic growth in Asia. Lifelong learning and preventative health measures can also be supportive policies to strengthen the third (silver) demographic dividend via the extension of retirement for productive and healthy elders.Originality/valueThis study is the first to examine the impacts of demographic structure, human capital, migration and environmental degradation on economic growth in Asia, using the most up-to-date longitudinal data from 1960 to 2020. Unlike previous empirical studies, this study discovers empirically based evidence to support Asia's second and silver demographic dividends.

Demographic structure of Vojvodina, based on available sources, is very well known. Domination of Serbian, Craoatian, Hungarian, and German population in Vojvodina is documented through registrations. Historical events had an impact on the certain demographic movements in Vojvodina. Matica Srpska, as an institution which takes care about spiritual heritage of Serbian people has tried to find its role under new circumstances. Among others, domination of Slavic population has been set as a crucial issue in the realization of an idea of Vojvodina as a teritory of Slavic corpus. Consequently the secretary of Matica Srpska, dr Nikola Milutinovic, has announced his concept about the modelity of the gradual domination of Slavic population in Vojvodina.

"Der Raum Berlin-Brandenburg hat seine demographischen Besonderheiten, er ist auf der anderen Seite typisch für die Situation im vereinigten Deutschland. Die Jahre 1989/1990 waren ein Schnittpunkt in der demographischen Entwicklung von Westberlin einerseits und dem übrigen Teil der Region andererseits - noch nicht der Beginn einer dominanten Annäherung. Viele bis 1989 bestehende Unterschiede wurden seitdem wiederhergestellt, andere haben sich ins Gegenteil verkehrt. Die demographische Katastrophe Ostdeutschlands ist auch in Ostberlin und in Brandenburg offenkundig. Ostberlin und die angrenzenden DDR-Bezirke hatten bis zum Jahre 1989 deutlich höhere, das Gebiet hat inzwischen aber wesentlich niedrigere Geborenenziffern als Westberlin. Die Gesamtbevölkerung der Region hat sich verringert. Nachhaltigen Einfluß darauf haben die hohen Wanderungsverluste in den Jahren 1989 bis 1991. Mit der politischen Teilung ist die Mauer um Westberlin verschwunden; die demographische Zäsur jedoch erweist sich als sehr resistent. Berlin ist heute eine Stadt mit einer extrem deutlich ausgeprägten Segregation. Traditionelle Muster der demographischen Struktur sind erhalten geblieben bzw. wiedererstanden. Der Anteil der Singlehaushalte ist z.B. in Westberlin viel größer als im Osten der Stadt. Die räumliche Bevölkerungsbewegung zwischen Ostberlin und Brandenburg ist wesentlich intensiver als zwischen Westberlin und dem Umland der Stadt. Die Westberliner sind räumlich vor allem auf das Gebiet der alten Bundesrepublik, die Ostberliner und Brandenburger auf das Gebiet der früheren DDR orientiert - trotz einer intensiven Arbeitspendelwanderung. Zwischen Westberlin und Ostberlin hat bestenfalls in zögerlichen Ansätzen eine Umverteilung der Bevölkerung stattgefunden. Durch den höheren Anteil von Ausländern wird diese Differenz zwischen Westberlin und Ostberlin sowie dem Umland von Berlin zwar verstärkt, der Unterschied ist aber nicht vor allem daraus zu erklären. Berlin (nun Ost- und Westberlin) und (jetzt besonders) sein Umland sind wiederum zu wichtigen Zielpunkten der Migration geworden, nun auch und in zunehmendem Maße von Beamten, Managern und Unternehmern aus den alten Bundesländern. An die Stelle von negativen sind in vielen Fällen positive Bilanzen der Wanderung gegenüber den alten Bundesländern getreten. Vor allem dadurch bedingt ist die demographische Entwicklung nicht nur von Berlin, sondern auch im Land Brandenburg viel günstiger als in den anderen neuen Bundesländern. Gleichzeitig vertieft sich die Kluft zwischen Zentrum und Peripherie im Raum Berlin-Brandenburg. Bedingt durch Migration und negative natürliche Bevölkerungsbewegung geht die Entleerung peripherer Räume weiter. Trotz der bestehenden Probleme kommt auch in der demographischen Entwicklung zum Ausdruck, daß Berlin und sein Umland zu einer Wachstumsregion geworden sind. Diese Region hatte in der früheren DDR und während der Spaltung Deutschlands viele Vorzugsbedingungen; unter den völlig neuen Bedingungen kann die Region ihre Standortvorteile ausbauen und nutzen. Das würde eine Trendwende der demographischen Entwicklung und den Abbau räumlicher Disparitäten begünstigen." (Autorenreferat)