Suchergebnisse

Nigeria is experiencing a gradual shift from subsistence to commercialized agriculture, thereby increasing involvement and activities at different nodes of agribusiness. Participation of farmers in markets is an important determinant of well-being and development, and one of the pathways towards economic growth. This study analysed household crop commercialization in Nigeria. The secondary data used were the General Household Survey (GHS, 2018) Wave 4. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, household crop commercialization index (HCCI) and ordered probit regression model. Mean age of Nigerian farmers was 50.04 years (±15.22), majority (85.68%) were male, married (82.51%), and 72.14% had formal education. Farming is viable in all the geopolitical zones and majority (87.64%) of the farmers were from the rural sector, holding a mean total plot size of 12.61(±15.63) hectares, and planted 3 crops on the average. The most produced crop categories are cereals (46.75%), tubers (20.70%) and legumes (19.00%); legumes and cereals are highest in the North, and tubers in the South. Subsistence households were 32.81% (HCCI=0), only 1.71% of the households were fully commercial (HCCI=100), while semi-subsistence households (0≤HCCI≤100) constitute 65.48%. Years of education (p<0.05) and crop production in North East and North West zones (p<0.01) constrain commercialization, while at p<0.01, crop production in the rural sector and the South zones, and increased land holding are the drivers of household crop commercialization in Nigeria. Nigerian farming households are mainly semi-subsistence and are diversified in crop production. Nigeria relies more on market participation of the semi-subsistence households, through their marketable surplus, to feed her teeming population and for exports. Further attention on rural infrastructure development in all geopolitical zones and awareness creation on producing market oriented products will increase agribusiness activities. This will generate green decent jobs that will take unemployed youths off the streets of urban centres. This is in tune with the economy diversification bid and the new Nigeria Economic Sustainability Plan of the Federal Government of Nigeria. JEL CODE – Q13

Intro -- Half Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- FOREWORD AN INNOVATOR'S PERSPECTIVE ON CANNABIS -- INTRODUCTION OVERVIEW, PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES -- CHAPTER ONE FROM DIME BAGS TO DOSED PORTIONS -- CHAPTER TWO A CANNABIS PRIMER -- THC is the Primary Psychotropic Ingredient -- Cannabis Strains: Indica vs. Sativa -- CBD: A Key Ingredient in Cannabis -- Terpenes: What They Are and What They Do -- The Entourage Effect: Chemical Teamwork -- CHAPTER THREE A BRIEF U.S. CANNABIS HISTORY -- History at Odds -- Federal Approaches to Alcohol and Drug Prohibition -- When Truth Battles Perception -- The Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 and Beyond -- CHAPTER FOUR THE CREATION OF CANNABIS STEREOTYPES -- Cannabis in Counterculture and the Anti-Establishment -- From Presidents to Pop Culture -- Where the Rubber Hits the Road -- CHAPTER FIVE THE REAL CANNABIS CONSUMER -- Consumer Segments Emerge -- What Drives the Consumer Segments? -- CHAPTER SIX DEVELOPING CANNABIS BRANDS -- A Brief Overview of Branding -- Branding and Brand Identity -- Branding Strategies -- What Should a Cannabis Brand Stand For? -- What Does This Mean for Cannabis Brands? -- CHAPTER SEVEN CANNABIS COMMERCIALIZATION -- Means of Ingestion and Form Factor -- A Look at Current Legal Cannabis Brands -- Cannabis Flower -- Cannabis Concentrates, Oils and Extracts -- Cannabis Topicals -- Cannabis Edibles -- Cannabis Beverages -- Cannabis Tinctures and Capsules -- Innovative Cannabis Products -- CHAPTER EIGHT CANNABIS BRANDS: A CRITICAL REVIEW -- What Makes a Cannabis Brand Successful? -- The Evolution of a Cannabis Brand -- Brand Differentiators and Critical Characteristics -- The 14 Cannabis Brand Archetypes -- CHAPTER NINE TAKING CUES FROM OTHER INDUSTRIES -- Best Practices and Pertinent Processes -- Creative Compliance -- It's Not Easy Being Green.

Due to the rapid growth of the market of scientific and technical products and the high level of competition, market appropriate solution becomes finding ways to commercialization of research products. The article substantiates the need for accelerated modernization of the Kazakh economy based on increasing the effectiveness of scientific research and introduction into industrial production of research results while diversifying the ways of commercializing R&amp;amp;D results. In this article, the authors analyze the current state of Kazakh science. As a result of the research, a new mechanism for multi-criteria selection of promising R&amp;amp;D results of scientific organizations has been proposed and a system of organizational and economic support for their commercialization has been substantiated. The results will be useful in the practical activities of both scientific and industrial organizations.

In the process of political, economic and social changes that have taken place in Poland since 1989, state radio and television, so far carefully controlled by the communist government, could not remain unaff ected. The establishment of a new order required several years and involved numerous changes in management and the content of programs. It is often said that this process has not been completed yet. What can be observed a$ er twenty years of transformation is the commercialization of media, whose "public" status is present only in their name. This is particularly apparent in the analysis of Polish television. In fact, the activity of this media is based on certain market mechanisms, including the desire to reach high viewership, attract the attention of advertisers and as a consequence, to maximize profit.

Presenting detailed analysis of the industrialization of pharmaceutical patents in China, this timely book explores a range of related topics including a comparison of the ideal and existing state of the pharmaceutical market and patent industrialization. It argues that the core purpose of the industrialization of pharmaceutical patents is to promote the development of the local pharmaceutical industry whilst also protecting society's right to safe and effective medication.

The ever more frequent appearance of queer folk in advertisements may suggest a social recognition for queerness. Especially during the Pride months – international celebrations of queer life including protest, parades, and parties – queer ads fill western screens and billboards. This paper wants to explore the impact of queer visibility in advertising on the (re)construction of queer identities in consumer societies by bringing together Jean Baudrillard's theory of consumption, Robert Goldman's and Anne Cronin's analysis of advertisements and Rosemary Hennessy's findings about queerness in capitalisms. I will argue that the commodification of queers in western mainstream advertising, framed through the concept that consumption is closely tied to citizenship, is often mistaken as recognition. Furthermore, queerness is mystified in advertising through an attempt to maintain the fiction of a coherent queer identity that contributes to the construction of either an 'abnormal' queerness or aims to soothe derivations from the heterosexual norm. These findings will be put into perspective by a critical examination of an American advertising clip and reflection on the viewer's position.

"OTA-BP-ITC-165"--P. [4] of cover. ; "September 1995"--P. [4] of cover. ; Shipping list no.: 96-0039-P. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.

The article researches legal aspects of commercialization intellectual property objects, determination of legislation settles in the sphere of disposition of intellectual property rights, determination of main advantages for owner in the process of object commercialization. Intellectual property is valuable asset which may be exploited in a number of ways. Commercialization of intellectual property objects is one of the ways to satisfy owner's economical interests, which basis are profits from using intellectual property objects in their own production and also by granting property rights for third persons. One of the effective ways for economical development of every country is legal opportunity for granting intellectual property rights. Nowadays those rights have an economical value and are the subject of business dealings. Main subjects for commercialization of intellectual property objects are, first of all, authors and inventors; also it can be persons that have intellectual property rights due to their business activity, which deals with creation and usage of intellectual property objects; persons who is interested in getting intellectual property rights as a user or an owner. Article is describing main directions of commercialization of intellectual property rights, such as: using objects in own production of goods and services; agreements on alienation of intellectual property rights; license agreements; entering intellectual property rights to the statutory capital; franchise agreement. All the ways are efficient and can bring to the owner economical profits in case of their effective usage. We should say, that the way of commercialization of intellectual property object, depends on decision of the owner, who is legally allowed to use different ways at the same time. As an example, the owner can use his intellectual property at his own production, giving the license to user at the same time. Licenses may be exclusive or non-exclusive. An exclusive license grants the rights governed by the license to the ...