Suchergebnisse

L'objectif de cette communication est d'identifier des voies possibles de développement territorial de l'arganeraie et en particulier en termes de complémentarités possibles entre plusieurs activités dont l'exploitation de l'arbre pour la production d'huile et l'élevage caprin. Nous choisissons comme point de départ les projets récents de valorisation et de certification de la production du chevreau de l'arganeraie et leur place dans le territoire. Nous analysons d'abord de manière générale, le contenu de différents documents programmatiques des politiques et projets, sur lesquels s'appuient les pouvoirs publics pour mettre en oeuvre leur action et les principes sur lesquels elle se fonde. Puis nous nous appuyons sur des résultats d'enquêtes pour identifier comment les différents acteurs appréhendent les projets de valorisation et de qualification du chevreau de l'arganier. Les résultats montrent que les initiatives en cours vont dans le sens d'une plus grande spécialisation des activités, avec des logiques dissociées qui ignorent les réalités des autres. Alors que des éléments de résilience sont à rechercher pour assurer la préservation de l'arganeraie, il y aurait probablement une grande pertinence à explorer comment favoriser de nouveau l'imbrication de ces différentes activités ; Des propositions sont énoncées pour aller dans cette direction.

ABSTRACT. We evaluated the physical and chemical characteristics of raw milk from goats supplemented with levels of Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN) in the dry period. Samples from 20 goats were divided into 4 groups, 3 groups received 400g concentrate per animal with different levels of TDN (65, 75 and 85%), and the control group (without concentrate). Four samples of milk were used for each animal, in four sampling periods, which were subjected to physical and chemical analysis. There was no significant difference between the treatments for the parameters of acidity and fat. The diet without concentrate presented higher value for the cryoscopic index. Mean values of the four treatments were within the range set by the Brazilian legislation for all parameters evaluated. The use of concentrate, containing 85% TDN in goat supplementation, was favored the physical and chemical characteristics of the milk during the dry period.

Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) cause different clinical forms of disease in sheep and goats. So far in Spain, Maedi visna virus-like (MVV-like) sequences have been found in both species, and the arthritic SRLV disease has never been found in sheep until a recent outbreak. Knowing that arthritis is common in goats, it was of interest to determine if the genetic type of the virus involved in the sheep arthritis outbreak was caprine arthritis encephalitis virus-like (CAEV-like) rather than MVV-like. Alignment and phylogenetic analyses on nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences from SRLV of this outbreak, allowed a B2 genetic subgroup assignment of these SRLV, compatible with a correspondence between the virus genetic type and the disease form. Furthermore, an isolate was obtained from the arthritic outbreak, its full genome was CAEV-like but the pol integrase region was MVV-like. Although its LTR lacked a U3 repeat sequence and had a deletion in the R region, which has been proposed to reduce viral replication rate, its phenotype in sheep skin fibroblast cultures was rapid/high, thus it appeared to have adapted to sheep cells. This outbreak study represents the first report on CAEV-like genetic findings and complete genome analysis among Spanish small ruminants. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ; Supported by Spanish CICYT AGL2003-08977-C03-01, AGL2006-13410-C06-01, AGL2007-66874-C04-01 and Government of Navarra (No. IIQ010449.RI1). R. Reina and X. de Andrés had a fellowship FPI from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education. ; Peer Reviewed

Organic goat production is poorly developed in Spain. Conventional dairy goat production systems located in Andalusian mountainous areas greatly depend on pasturing which implies that its transformation to organic model is not difficult. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the viability of organic dairy goat farms –as compared to conventional–, and to study the possibilities of transitioning from conventional to organic goat production. This study was carried out in 2006 in Sierra de Cádiz (Andalusia) with the autochthonous breed Payoya. To monitor technico-economic aspects of goat farms, FAO-CIHEAM method was implemented. Results indicate that organic farms are economically viable, due mainly to low costs of external feeds and income from European Union subsidies. For transitioning from conventional to organic dairy goat production a reduction of consumption of concentrates per animal and per year and/or cultivate grain on the farm are necessary. ; La production caprine biologique est encore peu développée en Espagne. Les systèmes caprins laitiers dans les zones de montagne de l'Andalousie disposent de grandes surfaces pour le pâturage, et, par conséquent, il est assez facile de transformer ces systèmes en systèmes biologiques. L'objectif de ce travail est d'évaluer la viabilité des systèmes caprins biologiques par rapport aux systèmes caprins conventionnels et d'étudier les possibilités de conversion des systèmes conventionnels en systèmes biologiques. L'étude a été réalisée en 2006 dans la Sierra de Cádiz (Andalousie) avec une race autochtone (Payoya). On a utilisé la méthodologie FAO-CIHEAM pour le suivi technico-économique des exploitations caprines. Les résultats montrent que les systèmes biologiques sont économiquement viables compte tenu surtout des moindres coûts alimentaires par rapport aux systèmes conventionnels et des aides de l'Union Européenne. Pour réussir la transformation des systèmes laitiers caprins conventionnels en systèmes biologiques, il faut réduire l'apport de concentrés et essayer de les produire dans l'exploitation. ; Junta Andalucía

Les productions bovines, ovines et caprines (lait et viande) occupent une place importante dans l'Union Européenne (UE), tant sur le plan économique (elles représentent 45% de la production agricole finale), social (elles contribuent à l'emploi de certaines zones rurales peu dotées en services et en industries) que territorial (entretien des sols, ouverture des paysages, aménagement de l'espace, y compris dans des régions à fortes contraintes pédo-climatiques). Les interactions entre chacune de ces filières ont toujours été importantes, en particulier entre le lait et la viande bovine. Cette synthèse présente la localisation du cheptel d'herbivores au sein des régions européennes et insiste sur les facteurs, principalement ceux issus des réformes successives de la Politique Agricole Commune (PAC), qui ont influé sur les mouvements géographiques. A l'avenir, la suppression éventuelle du régime des quotas laitiers et les modalités d'application du découplage pourraient avoir un impact conséquent sur la répartition territoriale de l'offre. ; The bovine, ovine and caprine productions (milk and meat) play an important role in the European union (EU), in terms of economic (they account for 45% of the final agricultural production), social (they contribute to employment in certain rural areas where services and industries are low developed) and territorial (opening of the landscapes, space occupation, including in areas with strong natural constraints). The interactions between theses productions were always important, in particular between milk and the beef and veal. This synthesis presents the localization of the herbivores livestock within the European areas and insists on the factors, mainly those resulting from the successive reforms of the Common agricultural policy (CAP), which influenced the geographical movements. In the future, the possible suppression of the dairy quota system and the methods applied to implement the decoupling could have a consequent impact on the territorial distribution of theses productions.

12 páginas, 4 figuras. ; The Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Projects AGL2015-66540-C21-R and RTI2018-099496-B-I00) and Junta de Castilla y León (Project LE259P18) fnanced this work. This work was also fnancially supported by the University of León. Noive Arteche Villasol has been fnancially supported by a predoc‑ toral contract (BES-2016-076513) from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. Daniel Gutiérrez-Expósito and José Espinosa are the recipients of a postdoctoral contract from the Ministry of Science and Innovation (Grants No. FJCI-2017-32020 and FJC2019-042422-I, respectively). Iraia Ladero-Auñon holds a pre-doctoral grant from "Departamento de Economía e Infraestruc‑ turas" of the Basque Government. ; Peer reviewed

Scrapie is a fatal, neurodegenerative disease of sheep and goats. It is also the earliest known member in the family of diseases classified as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) or prion diseases, which includes Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), and chronic wasting disease in cervids. The recent revelation of naturally occurring BSE in a goat has brought the issue of TSE in goats to the attention of the public. In contrast to scrapie, BSE presents a proven risk to humans. The risk of goat BSE, however, is difficult to evaluate, as our knowledge of TSE in goats is limited. Natural caprine scrapie has been discovered throughout Europe, with reported cases generally being greatest in countries with the highest goat populations. As with sheep scrapie, susceptibility and incubation period duration of goat scrapie are most likely controlled by the prion protein (PrP) gene (PRNP). Like the PRNP of sheep, the caprine PRNP shows significantly greater variability than that of cattle and humans. Although PRNP variability in goats differs from that observed in sheep, the two species share several identical alleles. Moreover, while the ARR allele associated with enhancing resistance in sheep is not present in the goat PRNP, there is evidence for the existence of other PrP variants related to resistance. This review presents the current knowledge of the epidemiology of caprine scrapie within the major European goat populations, and compiles the current data on genetic variability of PRNP

Les auteurs examinent la politique de diversification agricole mise en oeuvre par les différentes institutions qui travaillent sur le développement agro-alimentaire. Une démarche méthodologique permet d'analyser la compétitivité des filières de diversification : tomate, igname, mangue, agrume, élevage ovin et caprin

Après une présentation succinte des conditions de l'élevage au Niger, l'auteur donne les quantités de cuir produites par espèce (ovins, caprins, reptiles) et étudie successivement, le conditionnement et sa législation, l'industrialisation, la commercialisation et la fiscalité. Il présente enfin les perspectives d'avenir

Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV = maedi-visna in sheep and caprine arthritis encephalitis in goats) are distributed throughout most countries of the world, particularly Europe. Laboratories from 16 European countries established collaborations within the framework of a COST (CO-operation in the field of Scientific and Technical Research) action sponsored by the European Union in order to (i) better organize their research programmes on SRLVs and (ii) to coordinate efforts to combat these two diseases. After five years, a consensus conference – the first one in the veterinary medicine field – concluded the work of this network of laboratories by reviewing the present position and discussing three important questions in the field of SRLVs: routes of transmission, consequences of infection and potential role of eradication programmes at either a European or local level, according to the situation in each country or region. This paper brings together existing information regarding these questions and identifies areas for future research. ; This work was supported by funds from EU through the COST action 834.

International audience ; L'objectif de cette communication est d'identifier des voies possibles de développement territorial de l'arganeraie et en particulier en termes de complémentarités possibles entre plusieurs activités dont l'exploitation de l'arbre pour la production d'huile et l'élevage caprin. Nous choisissons comme point de départ les projets récents de valorisation et de certification de la production du chevreau de l'arganeraie et leur place dans le territoire. Nous analysons d'abord de manière générale, le contenu de différents documents programmatiques des politiques et projets, sur lesquels s'appuient les pouvoirs publics pour mettre en oeuvre leur action et les principes sur lesquels elle se fonde. Puis nous nous appuyons sur des résultats d'enquêtes pour identifier comment les différents acteurs appréhendent les projets de valorisation et de qualification du chevreau de l'arganier. Les résultats montrent que les initiatives en cours vont dans le sens d'une plus grande spécialisation des activités, avec des logiques dissociées qui ignorent les réalités des autres. Alors que des éléments de résilience sont à rechercher pour assurer la préservation de l'arganeraie, il y aurait probablement une grande pertinence à explorer comment favoriser de nouveau l'imbrication de ces différentes activités ; Des propositions sont énoncées pour aller dans cette direction.

[EN] Three batches of yoghurts were made from goat s milk with different enrofloxacin concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 150 lg/kg). Quality parameters were analysed at 1, 7, 14 and 28 days at 5 °C. Drug residues were also quantified by HPLC. Coagulation time and most yoghurt properties remained unaffected by the presence of enrofloxacin in goat s milk. However, quality parameters were affected by the storage period. 74.9 99.2% of enrofloxacin initially added to goat s milk remained in the yoghurt throughout its entire shelf life, potentially posing a risk to consumer health. Therefore, an enrofloxacin maximum residue limit in yoghurt should be established. ; Beltrán Martínez, MC.; Morari-Pirlog, A.; Quintanilla-Vázquez, PG.; Escriche Roberto, MI.; Molina Pons, MP. (2017). Influence of enrofloxacin on the coagulation time and the quality parameters of goat's milk yoghurt. International Journal of Dairy Technology. 71(1):105-111. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0307.12388 ; S ; 105 ; 111 ; 71 ; 1 ; Regulation UE 37/2010 of 22 December 2009 on pharmacologically active substances and their classification regarding maximum residue limits in foodstuffs of animal origin Official Journal European Union ; Adetunji, V. O. (2011). Effects of Processing on Antibiotic Residues (Streptomycin, Penicillin−G and Tetracycline) in Soft Cheese and Yoghurt Processing Lines. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 10(8), 792-795. doi:10.3923/pjn.2011.792.795 ; Beltrán, M. C., Berruga, M. I., Molina, A., Althaus, R. L., & Molina, M. P. (2015). Performance of current microbial tests for screening antibiotics in sheep and goat milk. International Dairy Journal, 41, 13-15. doi:10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.09.007 ; BERRUGA, M. I., NOVÉS, B., MOLINA, M. P., ROMÁN, M., & MOLINA, A. (2008). Influence of cephalosporins on the coagulation time of yogurt made from ewes' milk. International Journal of Dairy Technology, 61(4), 372-378. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0307.2008.00421.x ; Elsheikh, H. ., Taha, A. A. ., Khalafallah, A. ., & Osman, I. A. . (2002). ...

International audience ; Scrapie is a fatal, neurodegenerative disease of sheep and goats. It is also the earliest known member in the family of diseases classified as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) or prion diseases, which includes Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), and chronic wasting disease in cervids. The recent revelation of naturally occurring BSE in a goat has brought the issue of TSE in goats to the attention of the public. In contrast to scrapie, BSE presents a proven risk to humans. The risk of goat BSE, however, is difficult to evaluate, as our knowledge of TSE in goats is limited. Natural caprine scrapie has been discovered throughout Europe, with reported cases generally being greatest in countries with the highest goat populations. As with sheep scrapie, susceptibility and incubation period duration of goat scrapie are most likely controlled by the prion protein (PrP) gene (PRNP). Like the PRNP of sheep, the caprine PRNP shows significantly greater variability than that of cattle and humans. Although PRNP variability in goats differs from that observed in sheep, the two species share several identical alleles. Moreover, while the ARR allele associated with enhancing resistance in sheep is not present in the goat PRNP, there is evidence for the existence of other PrP variants related to resistance. This review presents the current knowledge of the epidemiology of caprine scrapie within the major European goat populations, and compiles the current data on genetic variability of PRNP.