Suchergebnisse

A particular problem for Canada was the ambivalent nature of her relationship with the United States. Canadians were anxious to maintain, at the same time, full political independence and a close military alliance with the United States. They insisted upon economic independence, but they wanted the benefits of American participation in the development of their economy. Richard Preston, Canada in World Affairs 1959 to 1961

THESE SAME WORDS COULD BE WRITTEN TODAY OR COULD HAVE BEEN WRITTEN AT ANY TIME DURING THE TWENTY-FIVE-YEAR PERIOD THIS SPECIAL ISSUE OF THE JOURNAL SURVEYS. THAT DOES NOT MEAN THAT NOTHING HAS CHANGED IN THE RELATIONS OF CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES. IN THIS QUARTER-CENTURY THERE WERE MANY EVENTS WHICH SOUGHT AND DID AFFECT THEIR ECONOMIC RELATIONS: THE MERCHANT-HEENEY REPORT AND THE THIRD OPTION, THE GORDON BUDGET AND THE MERCANTILE BANK AFFAIR, SILENT SURRENDER AND THE QUIET REVOLUTION, THE TIME AND READER'S DIGEST CASES AND THE AUTOMOTIVE AGREEMENT, THE WATKINS REPORT AND THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT REVIEW AGENCY, THE NATIONAL ENERGY PROGRAM AND PETRO-CANADA, A CANADIAN DOLLAR SOMETIMES WORTH MORE AND SOMETIMES LESS THAN THE AMERICAN DOLLAR, CANADA'S EXEMPTION FROM AMERICAN BALANCE-OF-PAYMENTS MEASURES IN THE 1960S BUT NOT IN THE 1970S. NORTH OF THE BORDER GOVERNMENTS WERE HEADED BY JOHN DIEFENBAKER, LESTER PEARSON. PIERRE TRUDEAU, JOE CLARK, AND TRUDEAU AGAIN.

The U.S. military's prevailing norms of professionalism exhibit three paradoxes that render the organization poorly suited to meet contemporary challenges to its nonpartisan ethic, and that undermine its relations with civilian leaders. These norms, based on Samuel Huntington's objective civilian control model, argue that the military should operate in a sphere separate from the civilian domain of policymaking and decisions about the use of force. The first paradox is that Huntingtonian norms, though intended to prevent partisan and political behavior by military personnel, can also enable these activities. Second, the norms promote civilian leaders' authority in decisionmaking related to the use of force, yet undermine their practical control and oversight of military activity. Third, they contribute to the military's operational and tactical effectiveness, while corroding the United States' strategic effectiveness in armed conflict. These tensions in Huntington's norms matter today because of intensifying partisanship in society and in the military, the embrace by civilian leaders of objective control and their concomitant delegation of authority in armed conflict to the military, and growing questions about the causes of the inconclusive outcomes of the United States' recent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. It is time to develop a new framework for military professionalism.

Since the fall of the Berlin Wall & the nature of international conflict has changed. At the same time, the Canadian Forces & the Department of National Defense have seen dramatic reductions in their budgets & personnel strength, with an increase in operational tempo amid missions in the former Yugoslavia, the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan, Haiti & other areas. Concurrently, the European Union, as a grouping of twenty-five Member States, has begun to coordinate their foreign & defense policy, establishing a Security Strategy, a Defense Agency, & a Rapid Reaction Force. In the academic literature, the Canada- EU military relationship, specifically in the area of procurement, tends to be overlooked, but is important in understanding the wider context of transatlantic security, defense & foreign policy. This paper will explore the procurement of major capital equipment, specifically aircraft, naval ships & mobile ground equipment & the factors influencing those decisions, including bilateral relationships between Canada & the United States & the European Union (EU). This paper will argue that Canada's procurement decisions are based on domestic & economic considerations combined with our increasing interdependence with the United States in both the economic & military fields, which is making it difficult to cooperate with the European Union in the area of procurement & defense related research & development. Adapted from the source document.

THE PURPOSE OF THIS ESSAY IS TO EXPLORE THE IMPACT OF THE ELECTORAL PROCESS ON AN IMPORTANT ASPECT OF CANADIAN - AMERICAN RELATIONS: THE RESOLUTION OF BILATERAL CONFLICTS.

'Wives and Warriors: Women and the Military in the United States and Canada' edited by Laurie Weinstein and Christie C. White is reviewed.

Wives and Warriors: Women and the Military in the United States and Canada. Laurie Weinstein and Christie C. White. eds. Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey, 1997. 252 pp.

Front: photograph of cadets marching in two groups, one holding rifles, and one lead by a flag-bearer. Back: "United States Military Academy, West Point, New York. The long gray line." ; https://digital.kenyon.edu/arthistorystudycollection/1572/thumbnail.jpg