Suchergebnisse

We combed through hundreds of thousands of segments of the advertising industry – faces: thispersondoesnotexist.com; map: Datawrapper; Montage: netzpolitik.orgFor targeted advertising, data brokers want to know about our bank accounts, children and illnesses. Our data research shows the dimension of this dubious business for the first time in a European country comparison. Experts call it a "catastrophe".

Internet censorship is a widely studied and important field of research with implications for society, politics, and business. However, little focus has been spent on cross‐country comparisons of online content control. This article aims at reducing this research gap by performing a comparative literature review of Internet censorship practices in France, Turkey, and Iran. The historic development and current status of each country is studied, focusing on censorship levels, institutional characteristics, legislative environments, and current challenges. The assessment discloses several similarities and differences across the countries and allows for the identification of five key driving forces for online content control across France, Turkey, and Iran; namely, the ruling system, institutional setup, national identity, technical ability, and political opportunity. These findings will support future research and political debate on the freedom of expression and unrestricted access to content.

The growing interest in cross-national comparisons of income inequality is primarily a result of the establishment of the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) database and the wide range of studies on income inequality based on LIS data. The majority of these studies suffer, however, from a major weakness since sampling errors are neither reported nor taken into account when nations are ranked according to estimates of the Gini coefficient or some alternative measure of inequality. This paper discusses the impact of accounting for sampling errors when making comparisons of income inequality across nations.

The significance of cultural factors in economic development is analyzed. Culture here refers to values, behaviors, and beliefs. Culture alone cannot explain development, but there are some factors that help us understand why some countries develop faster than others. The study makes use of the World Values Survey as a road map for analysis using cross-cultural comparisons. The analysis focuses on two key core values: trust and achievement. This is applied to two regions: East Asia (Japan and Korea) and Latin America (Mexico and Peru). The aim is to examine how aspects of culture help accelerate or impede development.

This paper compares recent developments in income inequality in Canada, Germany, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In addition to descnbing cross- national variation in changes in income inequality, the paper examines different explana tory factors for these recent developments The findings reported indicate that there is substantial cross-national variation, not only with regard to the level of inequality, but furthermore with regard to changes in inequality. The results indicate that the equalizing effect of welfare state redistribution did not decrease in all countries By contrast, in all countries there was a universal tendency towards increased inequality in the pre-tax and transfer distribution, although the magnitude of the change differs from country to country. Even though a polarization of the earnings distribution is reported, the results still give no support to cross-national convergence with regard to income inequality during the 1980s.

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Henry, C., Orser, B. & Coleman, S. & Foss, L. (2017). Women's entrepreneurship policy: a 13 nation cross-country comparison. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship , 9(3), 206-228. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJGE-07-2017-0036, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1108/IJGE-07-2017-0036 . ; Purpose : Government attention to women's entrepreneurship has increased in the past two decades; however, there are few cross-cultural studies to inform policy development. This paper aims to draw on gender and institutional theory to report on the status of female-focused small and medium-sized enterprises/entrepreneurship policies and to ask how – and to what extent – do women's entrepreneurship policies differ among countries? Design/methodology/approach : A common methodological approach is used to identify gaps in the policy-practice nexus. Findings : The study highlights countries where policy is weak but practice is strong, and vice versa. Research limitations/implications : The study's data were restricted to policy documents and observations of practices and initiatives on the ground. Practical implications : The findings have implications for policy makers in respect of support for women's entrepreneurship. Recommendations for future research are advanced. Originality/value : The paper contributes to extant knowledge and understanding about entrepreneurship policy, specifically in relation to women's entrepreneurship. It is also one of the few studies to use a common methodological approach to explore and compare women's entrepreneurship policies in 13 countries.