Agricultural productivity and growth in Mali are under threat from erratic rainfall, resulting in more frequent dry years. The national economy is vulnerable to climate change due to 50% of the gross domestic product coming from the agricultural sector and 75% of the population living in rural areas. The Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) concept arises from a need to provide innovative solutions towards the complex and integrated goals of increasing yields, improving resilience, and promoting a low emissions agricultural sector. A major challenge for policymakers to operationalize CSA is the identification, valuation (cost-benefit), and subsequent prioritization of climate-smart options and portfolios (groups of CSA options) for investment. This paper presents the process, results, and lessons learned from a yearlong pilot of the Climate-Smart Agriculture Prioritization Framework (CSA-PF) in Mali. Key national and international stakeholders participated in the co-development and prioritization of two CSA portfolios and related action plans for the Malian Sudanese zone. Initial steps towards outcomes of the process include inclusion of prioritized CSA practices in ongoing development projects and prompting discussion of modifications of future calls for agricultural development proposals by regional donors.
This study was undertaken to assess farmers' preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for various climate-smart interventions in the Indo-Gangetic Plain. The research outputs will be helpful in integrating farmers' choices with government programs in the selected regions. The Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) was selected because it is highly vulnerable to climate change, which may adversely affect the sustainability of the rice-wheat production system and the food security of the region. Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) can mitigate the negative impacts of climate change and improve the efficiency of the rice-wheat-based production system. CSA requires a complete package of practices to achieve the desired objectives, but adoption is largely dependent on farmers' preferences and their capacity and WTP. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; CRP7; Theme 3; Subtheme 3.1 ; SAO ; CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)
This paper presents a framework to prioritize locally suitable climate-smart agricultural (CSA) interventions and implementation suitability assessments with key stakeholders: state and district agriculture departments, extension offices, agriculture research institutions, NGOs and donor agencies, private sector and farmers. Prioritization of appropriate interventions for given contexts is needed to assist relevant stakeholders to make strategic decisions and improve adaptability and efficiency of agriculture production system in the face of climate change and variability. First step includes participatory identification and evaluation of location specific CSA interventions suitable for different crop and cropping system with potential to reduce climatic risks in agriculture. All CSA interventions were evaluated based on their contribution to increase farm productivity and income, building resilience to changing climate and reduction of agricultural emissions. Second step includes evaluation of overall implementation feasibility of selected CSA interventions based on their technical feasibility, cost of implementation, inclusivity and synergy with current government programs. In the third step, potential barriers of CSA technology adoption were assessed linking with availability of resources, farmers' knowledge and acceptability, access to agriculture extensions service, market and government support. In the fourth step, incentive mechanisms to promote CSA interventions such as government subsidy, market linkage, provision of loan and capacity building were evaluated with farmers and key stakeholders. Finally, this prioritization framework assessed the role of different organizations such as the government, private sector, non-government organizations, custom hiring centers and community based organizations in promoting CSA interventions at the local level. Results show that this framework provides ample space for local stakeholders to integrate their knowledge and experience on CSA interventions in prioritization and investment planning. Stakeholders prioritized mainly water and nutrient management technologies, agriculture insurance against climatic risks and ICT based weather and agro-advisory services. This framework provides a decision support tool for policymaking in adaptation and mitigation activities in agriculture sector at the local level. This framework can be used by governments, development organizations and the private sector for investment decision-making. ; Peer Review
Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is an important approach towards minimizing impacts due to climate risks and maintaining agricultural growth. This report is part of the project that aims to contribute towards building a national strategy for scaling out climate resilient agricultural practices and technologies by synthesizing cumulative knowledge, experiences, and learnings gained by ICAR, CCAFS, and CG Centre's Programs in climate risk management. The report outlines the process of developing a district level adaptation plan for resilient farming in the Adilabad district of Telangana by following steps of climatic risks characterization, identification and prioritization of CSA technologies and practices, the convergence of government policies and programs. Dry spell, uneven rainfall, heat wave and cold wave frequently occur in the district with severe impact on the rainfed cropping system in the district. Location specific CSA practices have the potential to reduce the losses due to climate risk. Potential CSA technologies are categorized into six main categories of water-smart, energysmart, nutrient-smart, carbon-smart, weather-smart and knowledge-smart. Area specific suitable CSA technologies are identified following a participatory approach through stakeholder's participation. The identified list of technology is evaluated and prioritized for implementation feasibility, acceptability, adoption barriers, synergy with government plans, incentive mechanisms and key institutions. For the implementation of these technologies at the district level, the total estimated budget was estimated to be Rs. 273.0 Crore. The convergence of resources from relevant government schemes/projects for mobilizing funds for prioritized CSA technologies has been proposed for implementing climate adaptation plans at the district level. This integrated framework will be useful for the investment decision making process for resilient farming.
The main aim of this paper is to map agricultural policies and programmes, with components of climate smart agriculture, implemented by the Government of India (GoI). Although climate resilience is not the explicit goal of these, our analysis shows that the GoI has been spending 15% of the total expenditure for agriculture towards enhancing resilience on agriculture to climate change. This expenditure has been made through micro-irrigation, watershed development and conservation agriculture under National Food Security Mission (NFSM), National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA), National Horticulture Mission (NHM), Rasthrya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY), crop insurance, neem coated urea, and weather advisory systems. Moreover, the government of India is committed to invest Rs 838 billion towards development of climate smart agriculture in the coming five years. We can argue that the increase in public expenditure will also attract significant additional investments from farmers, private sectors and state governments. This large resource commitment by the central and state governments and the farmers of India will have a greater impact on agrarian economy and environment only if there is a greater convergence among different programmes and more farmers' participation in these
Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is an important approach towards minimizing impacts due to climate risks and maintaining agricultural growth. This report aims to contribute towards building a national strategy for scaling out climate resilient agricultural practices and technologies by synthesizing cumulative knowledge, experiences, and learnings gained by ICAR, CCAFS, and CG Centre's Programs in climate risk management. The report presents district level adaptation plan for resilient farming in the Beed district of Maharashtra. The process consisted of characterization of climatic risks followed by identification and prioritization of CSA technologies and practices and identifying scaling up opportunities through the convergence of government policies and programs. Drought, heat wave, dry spells, and deficit rainfall are frequently occurring climate risks in the district with severe impact on rainfed cropping system. For the identification and prioritization of CSA technologies, all potential technologies are first categorized into six main categories of water-smart, energy-smart, nutrient smart, carbon-smart, weather-smart and knowledge-smart. Thereafter, district specific suitable CSA technologies are identified following a participatory approach through stakeholder's workshop. The identified technologies are evaluated and prioritized for implementation feasibility, acceptability, adoption barriers, synergy with government plans, incentive mechanisms and key institutions. Total estimate budget of Rs. 387.0 Crore will be required for implementing these technologies in the district. The convergence of resources from relevant government schemes/projects for mobilizing funds for prioritized CSA technologies has been proposed. The process and results provided here are intended to assist decision makers to prioritize investments for CSA interventions to build resilient farming in the district.
Globally, food and agriculture production consume 30% of the world's energy and produce around 20% of the worlds greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions . Acknowledging increasing global food demand, this highlights the urgency to move towards a Climate Smart Agriculture in South-East-Asia and beyond to tackle the global climate challenge. Valorization of agricultural residues is a promising approach but faces challenges in technology, logistics and feasibility under current economic and legal conditions. With an average annual increase of more than 6% since 2000, Viet Nam belongs to the countries with the fastest growing GDP . One primary driver for this development is the agricultural sector contributing with 16 % to the national GDP in 2016 . Agricultural production leads inherently to production of residual biomass from crop growing, livestock breeding and food production. Rice with a yield of 45.2 million tons in 2014 (world rank 5) is the most important agricultural GDP contributor3. Nevertheless, it leads to the production of 51.5 million tons of rice straw. Similar to India and China, the majority of the rice straw is burned in the rice fields causing air pollution on a supra-regional scale . Other components of the rice straw, are incorporated into the soil of the flooded paddies, causing CH4 emissions . A second crucial agricultural sector is livestock farming. With 75 million cattle and pigs as well as high annual growth rates (up to 3,7%)3, this sector is rapidly gaining importance for the Vietnamese economy. Due to the lack of compliance with emission control standards (QCVN 62-MT:2016/BTNMT ), this development comes along with adverse environmental effects. Together with the intensive use of fertilizers in the rice fields, the disposal of manure from livestock farming contributes largely to the pollution of water and soils, to the loss of nutrients, and to the emission of greenhouse gases. Frequently, manure is treated in small-scale household biogas digesters (up to 15 cows or 50 pigs). Nationwide the installation of 158,000 plants were supported by the Vietnam Biogas Programme , 47,800 of these plants (more than 30%) are situated in the Mekong Delta. Due to the insufficient heating energy demand at the households, the excess biogas is released to the atmosphere. Furthermore, biogas leaks from the plants altogether result in a methane loss up to 40% , . According to 8,9, , and observations during the surveys of previous Vietnamese-German projects like INHAND and BioRist or UKAVita, also the 1,000 mid- (for 50 to 2,000 pigs or 16 to 80 cows) and large-scale (for > 2,000 pig or > 80 cows) biogas plants show a need for technological improvement along the entire process chain: a) substrate preparation, selection, and mixture, b) reactor design, process management and the conditioning of biogas and c) residues as well as biogas storage treatment and usage. Beyond severe local environmental problems, the future of agriculture needs to be discussed in the context of the Vietnamese energy market and climate policy. In 2011, the Vietnamese government promulgated a Masterplan for power development in which it is stated that the capacity of the bio-energy sector shall be increased to 500 MW by 2020 and 2,000 MW by 2030 (Decision No.: 81208/QD-TTg). Therefore, an adaptation towards efficient and cleanly operating biogas plants is crucial. In 2008 a 'National Target Program to Respond to Climate Change' had been published to create the necessary conditions for adaptation towards climate change effects and mitigation of GHG emissions. The "Intended Nationally Determined Contribution" (INDC) indicates that Vietnam is capable of reducing the CO2 emissions, with international support, by 25% by 2030 in comparison to the business as usual scenario (BUA). However, it is important that in searching for appropriate responses to this situation solutions has to be adapted to the local conditions, which means that the specific geographical conditions, climate, culture and society must be considered to contribute to a holistic approach beyond sole technical and administrative solutions but also to enhance science, research and education. After two successful conferences on "Valorization of agricultural residues in Vietnam" in Spring 2017 and 2018 the organizing committee from the Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City and the Technische Universität Berlin successfully established a joint forum for the Vietnamese scientific community and international scientists and experts. This success has convinced us when announcing the 3rd International Conference "Valorization of Agricultural Residues - Towards Climate-Smart Agriculture in South-East Asia", and we are glad to present an interesting program sponsored by the DAAD, the German Academic Exchange Service and BMBF, the German Ministry of Education and Research. This year, many contributions are focusing on strategies, technologies and ideas, to mitigate GHG emission from agricultural activities, emphasizing the increasing scientific attention. Therefore, we hope that our conference is a starting point for new scientific ideas, cooperations and innovative solutions to tackle the related challenges. ; BMBF, 01LY1508A, KMU-innovativ-Verbundprojekt Klimaschutz: Entwicklung und Integration eines innovativen Verfahrens zur Biogasherstellung aus Reisstroh in regionale Wertschöpfungsketten im ländlichen Raum in Südostasien unter Berücksichtigung nachhaltiger Entwicklung und Klimaschutz - Beispiel Vietnam, Teilprojekt 1
Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is being widely promoted as a solution for food insecurity and climate change adaptation in food systems of sub-Saharan Africa, while simultaneously reducing the rate of greenhouse gas emissions. Governments throughout Africa are writing policies and programs to promote CSA practices despite uncertainty about the ability for practices to meet the triple CSA objectives of CSA. We conducted a systematic review of 175 peer-reviewed and grey literature studies, to gauge the impact of over seventy potential CSA practices on CSA outcomes in Tanzania and Uganda. Using a total of 6,342 observations, we found that practice impacts were highly context (i.e. farming system and location) specific. Nevertheless, practice effect across CSA outcomes generally agreed in direction. While our results suggest that CSA is indeed possible, lack of mitigation data precludes a more conclusive statement. Furthermore, the inclusion of potential adoption rates changes the potential of CSA practices to achieve benefits at scale. Given the uncertainty and variable impacts of practices across regions and outcomes, it is critical for decision makers to prioritize practices based on their desired outcomes and local context.
On 21 September 2016, the Global Alliance for Climate-Smart Agriculture (GACSA), the Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA), the CGIAR research program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) and the International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI) hosted a panel event on "Innovative Approaches for Scaling Up Climate-Smart Agriculture." The event was held as part of New York Climate Week, and featured a panel of international experts. Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is a vision and approach for sustainably transforming agriculture to be more productive and profitable, more resilient to climate across time scales, and part of the solution to the increasing greenhouse gas burden, in the face of a changing climate. The panel brought in a range of perspectives on how to achieve these often contextspecific challenges at scale. Panellists recognized that there no single solution to the challenge of ensuring a food-secure future in the face of a changing climate. But there are many innovations that have been demonstrated successfully, and provide lessons for scaling up. Panel presentations and subsequent discussion brought out several key points. Some of the most promising innovations for scaling up CSA—including climate information services, insurance, and support from the global food industry—go beyond farm-level technologies and practice to foster an enabling institutional environment. Costa Rica's CSA strategy showcases how national policy can foster the CSA "triple win." Finally, scaling up CSA – making smallholder agriculture more productive and resilient in the face of a changing climate, while reducing agriculture's contribution to climate change – requires effective, sustained partnerships among governments, the private sector, the research community, and the development (including NGO) community.
This report seeks to provide an analysis of the political, social, cultural, institutional, environmental, agricultural and economic context of seven districts of Northern Uganda (Kitgum, Agago, Oyam, Lira, Amolatar, Dokolo and Napak), with a view of compiling a basket of climate smart agriculture options that are gender-responsive and suitable for the conditions of the respective districts. We are certain that more options exist, which are not captured in this report. The report lays the foundation to receive feedback and engage in further discussions with all stakeholders in the region.
Not Available ; The 37th Feed The Future-India Triangular Training (FTF-ITT) on "Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA)" is being organized during 20th August - 3rd September 2019. The program is sponsored by USAID representing United States and is being implemented jointly by National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management (MANAGE), ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA) and Water and Land Management Training and Research Institute (WALAMTARI). The main objective of the program is to address human and institutional capacity gaps in Agriculture and allied sectors to achieve food and nutritional security, in twenty selected African (Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda) and Asian (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal and Sri Lanka) countries. Weather continues to play a dominant role in agricultural production despite many technological advances made besides extreme events like drought, cyclone, hailstorm, unseasonal rain, heat/cold waves etc. Climate Smart Agriculture is nothing but the approach for developing agricultural strategies to secure sustainable food security under climate change. It is an approach that helps to guide actions needed to transform and reorient agricultural systems to effectively support development and ensure food security in a changing climate. CSA aims to tackle three main objectives: sustainably increasing agricultural productivity and incomes; adapting and building resilience to climate change; and reducing and/or removing greenhouse gas emissions, where possible. Therefore, in this training program, the main focus will be to apprise the participants about the current aspects of CSA, especially in the Indian perspectives. This compendium is a compilation of lectures pertaining to agro-climatological applications, real-time contingency plans, on-field soil and water management measures, efficient crops and cropping systems, water harvesting measures, farmers' practices and Indian success stories etc. for practicing Climate Smart Agriculture. The lectures include practical experiences of ICAR-CRIDA, MANAGE and WALAMTARI. We believe that the information provided in this book will be useful for researchers, academicians, extension personnel and policy makers interested in Climate Smart Agriculture. ; Not Available
This paper presents a framework to prioritize locally suitable climate-smart agricultural (CSA) interventions and implementation suitability assessments with key stakeholders: state and district agriculture departments, extension offices, agriculture research institutions, NGOs and donor agencies, private sector and farmers. Prioritization of appropriate interventions for given contexts is needed to assist relevant stakeholders to make strategic decisions and improve adaptability and efficiency of agriculture production system in the face of climate change and variability. First step includes participatory identification and evaluation of location specific CSA interventions suitable for different crop and cropping system with potential to reduce climatic risks in agriculture. All CSA interventions were evaluated based on their contribution to increase farm productivity and income, building resilience to changing climate and reduction of agricultural emissions. Second step includes evaluation of overall implementation feasibility of selected CSA interventions based on their technical feasibility, cost of implementation, inclusivity and synergy with current government programs. In the third step, potential barriers of CSA technology adoption were assessed linking with availability of resources, farmers knowledge and acceptability, access to agriculture extensions service, market and government support. In the fourth step, incentive mechanisms to promote CSA interventions such as government subsidy, market linkage, provision of loan and capacity building were evaluated with farmers and key stakeholders. Finally, this prioritization framework assessed the role of different organizations such as the government, private sector, non-government organizations, custom hiring centers and community based organizations in promoting CSA interventions at the local level. Results show that this framework provides ample space for local stakeholders to integrate their knowledge and experience on CSA interventions in prioritization and investment planning. Stakeholders prioritized mainly water and nutrient management technologies, agriculture insurance against climatic risks and ICT based weather and agro-advisory services. This framework provides a decision support tool for policy-making in adaptation and mitigation activities in agriculture sector at the local level. This framework can be used by governments, development organizations and the private sector for investment decision-making.
This study aimed at understanding the influence of policy frameworks on climate change adaptation in Uganda. It combined literature review on existing natural resource management policies, focus group discussions with farming communities and interviews with key informants across various policy implementation levels. Findings reveal that even when farmers are exposed to appropriate adaptation practices, adoption is still constrained by limited enforcement of policies and regulations. Various reasons constrain enforcement; policies are formulated through top–down approaches, NGOs and local governments are minimally involved while local communities are largely excluded. There is either lack of or existence of non-functional implementation structures prescribed by the policies. Coupled with unclear roles among actors, weak links between different administration levels, limited human and financial resources and political interference, the ability of smallholders to adopt climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is thus constrained. Due to lack of knowledge of what the policies provide for, smallholders are not able to demand their rights. There is need for more focused follow-up research on specific issues raised in this report.
