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"Snacks" is a history of Canadian snack foods, of the independent producers and workers who make them, and of the consumers who can't put them down. Janis Thiessen profiles several iconic Canadian snack food companies, including Old Dutch Potato Chips, Hawkins Cheezies, and chocolate maker Ganong. These companies have developed in distinctive ways, reflecting the unique stories of their founders and their intense connection to specific locations. These stories of salty or sweet confections also reveal a history that is at odds with popular notions of "junk food." Through extensive oral history and archival research, Thiessen uncovers the roots of our deep loyalties to different snack foods, what it means to be an independent snack food producer, and the often-quirky ways snacks have been created and marketed. Clearly written, extensively illustrated, and lavish with detail about some of Canadians' favorite snacks, this is a lively and entertaining look at food and labour history

Intro -- Copyright -- Contents -- Introduction -- Alice Allison Dunnigan -- Bessie Coleman -- Charles Hamilton Houston -- Daisy Bates -- Eartha Kitt -- Fritz Pollard -- Guion Bluford Jr. -- Henrietta Lacks -- Ida B. Wells-Barnett -- Joe Louis -- Kwame Ture -- Langston Hughes -- Maya Angelou -- Nance Legins-Costley -- Oscar Micheaux -- P. B. S. Pinchback -- Queen Latifah -- Rebecca Lee Crumpler -- Sidney Poitier -- Tarana Burke -- Unita Blackwell -- Victor Glover -- Wally Amos -- Xernona Clayton -- Yolanda King -- Zoe Saldana -- About the Author -- About the Illustrator.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: History from the Bottomless Cup -- 1 Faith, Efficiency, and the Modern Donut: Inventing a Mass Commodity, 1920-1960 -- 2 'Our New Palace of Donut Pleasure': The Donut Shop and Consumer Culture, 1961-1976 -- 3 'He Must Give Up Certain Things': Franchising and the Making of the Donut Shop, 1960-1980 -- 4 Expansion and Transformation: Colonizing the Canadian Foodscape, 1974-1999 -- 5 Eddie Shack Was No Tim Horton: Donuts and the Folklore of Mass Culture in Canada, 1974-1999 -- Conclusion: Commodity and Culture in Postwar Canada -- Notes -- Index

In Canada, the donut is often thought of as the unofficial national food. Donuts are sold at every intersection and rest stop, celebrated in song and story as symbols of Canadian identity, and one chain in particular, Tim Horton's, has become a veritable icon with over 2500 shops across the country. But there is more to the donut than these and other expressions of 'snackfood patriotism' would suggest. In this study, Steve Penfold puts the humble donut in its historical context, examining how one deep-fried confectionary became, not only a mass commodity, but an edible symbol of Canadianness. Penfold examines the history of the donut in light of broader social, economic, and cultural issues, and uses the donut as a window onto key developments in twentieth-century Canada such as the growth of a 'consumer society, ' the relationship between big business and community, and the ironic qualities of Canadian national identity. He goes on to explore the social and political conditions that facilitated the rapid rise and steady growth of donut shops across the country. Based on a wide range of sources, from commercial and government reports to personal interviews, The Donut is a comprehensive and fascinating look at one of Canada's most popular products. It offers original insights on consumer culture, mass consumption, and the dynamics of Canadian history.

"Snacks is a history of Canadian snack foods, the independent producers and workers who make them, and the consumers who can't put them down. Janis Thiessen profiles several iconic Canadian snack food companies, including Old Dutch Potato Chips, Hawkins Cheezies, and chocolatier Ganong. These companies have developed in distinctive ways, reflecting the unique stories of their founders and their intense connection to specific places. These stories of salty or sweet confections also reveal a history that is at odds with popular notions of 'junk food.' Through extensive oral history and archival research, Thiessen uncovers the roots of our deep loyalties to different snack foods, what it means to be an independent snack food producer, and the often-quirky ways snacks have been created and marketed. Clearly written, extensively illustrated, and lavish with detail about some of Canadians' favorite snacks, this is a lively and entertaining look at food and labour history."--

This paper is an attempt to suggest methods of approach to the materials of Canadian social history. As such it is an appeal for a greater utilization of historical data in the development of sociological principles. It should be admitted at the outset that the point of view advanced is partly the result of a bias in favour of what might be described as the documentary as opposed to the interview method of research. Certain problems can be studied only by means of the interview. There are times, however, when a greater understanding could be gained from documentary records with much less expenditure of time and energy. Furthermore, the interview method, if it is to yield fruitful results, must be employed by those with a particular aptitude for "feeling out" information in this way. It is no accident that the most successful research students in sociology very often have been those with experience in journalism or those with a flare for journalism who found an outlet for their inclinations in sociological research. The penetrating insight of a Sinclair Lewis or Sherwood Anderson cannot be matched by the finest tools forged in the laboratory of the sociologist.

Reviewed is the development of the health care system in Canada, focusing on the role of MDs. It is concluded that the arrangements that were established to accommodate MDs at the time the medical care component of health care was introduced left the basic conditions under which medical services are produced unchanged. Moreover, in all provinces except Quebec, MDs were given, in one form or another, the right to opt out of Medicare arrangements & extra-bill patients. This opting-out provision built a "Trojan Horse" into the health care system that was activated when governments began to apply restraints to health care spending after 1974. Specifically, some MDs in some provinces exercised their right to opt out & extra-bill, thereby undermining the concept of universal accessibility. Emmett M. Hall (Canada's National-Provincial Health Program for the 1980's: A Commitment for Renewal, Ottawa, 1980) proposed that the threat posed to Medicare by such actions would be resolved if provincial governments outlawed extra-billing & agreed to submit impasses in negotiations over revisions to fee schedules to binding arbitration for resolution. Hall's proposal is rejected & it is argued that the fee-for-service system of payment & other remnants of the "medicine for profit" arrangement that were incorporated in the health care system must be eliminated if Canada is to make further progress toward "the achievement of socialized health care." 1 Table. Modified AA.