Suchergebnisse

Indonesia develops palm oil biodiesel driven by mandatory biodiesel which requires the use of biodiesel as a mixture of fuel oil by 30 percent. However, the development of the biodiesel can cause a trade off CPO for the production of biodiesel and palm cooking oil. The purpose of this study is to analyze the achievement of Indonesia's biodiesel production, and formulate policies for the development of the biodiesel industry with consideration of the balance of the food and non-food sectors. The data used are secondary data obtained from various related agencies such as the Central Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture, BAPPEBTI, World Bank and other institutions related to this research which are analyzed by dynamic system models. The results of the analysis show that the development of Indonesian biodiesel has not been able to meet the level of the blending rate according to mandatory biodiesel. Efforts to increase the achievement of the blending rate level can be done by providing biodiesel subsidies. Export duty policy is also needed in an effort to maintain the stability of domestic CPO prices and the price of palm cooking oil. The export duty policy in accordance with Minister of Finance Regulation No. 136 of 2015 is more effectively implemented than Minister of Finance Regulation No. 140 of 2016. Keywords : blending rate, dynamic system, mandatory biodiesel, policy scenario

A produção de biodiesel na lógica da agricultura familiar demanda empenhos institucionais diversos. São necessárias pesquisas agronômicas e tecnológicas e é preciso desenvolver a produção por meio do associativismo e do cooperativismo. O zoneamento agrícola e o crédito, assim como a assistência técnica, são também aspectos importantes para a atividade, cujo propósito é garantir uma nova alternativa de mercado aos agricultores, sem agressões ambientais e sem que isso signifique prejuízo à produção de alimentos. Significa dizer que o biodiesel, na lógica da agricultura familiar, exige a integração de muitas abordagens, o que pode ser alcançado mediante uma ação sistêmica, capaz de articular competências institucionais diversas aos interesses de agricultores familiares e assentados da reforma agrária. Esse é o objetivo da Rede Paraense de Agricultura Familiar e Biodiesel. Mais que constituir um fórum de discussão, a rede busca a articulação de competências institucionais em função de projetos definidos conforme contextos territoriais. Nessa direção, a rede integrou-se ao projeto Araguaiana Biodiesel, cujo escopo é desenvolver, com o apoio da Petrobras, uma alentada ação no sul do Pará. A esse conjunto institucional soma-se, decisivamente, a Secretaria de Agricultura do Estado do Pará.

Biofuel production has been widely debated in Brazil and in 2014 was created the National Program for Production and Use of Biodiesel (NPPB). This program encouraging a greater share of renewable energies in the Brazilian energy matrix, aiming to implement sustainably , technical , and economic , production and use of biodiesel, with a focus on social inclusion and regional development by generating employment and income . On the national scene, the State of Tocantins is distinguished by having a wide availability of land and has good prospects because of logistical deployment of new modes of transportation. Family farming is considered the major driver of agribusiness with approximately 45000 farms. In this context, this paper aims to demonstrate the factors that contribute to the scenario of biodiesel production in the state of Tocantins.

One renewable energy form currently being promoted is that of biodiesel asa substitute for diesel fuel. This involves mixing biodiesel with petrodieselin proportions governed by the respective regulations of each country. Thepurposes of this research are to support the exploiting of biodiesel forms ofrenewable energy and to optimize the palm oil-sourced biodiesel supply chainby conducting an Indonesia-based case study. The optimization process wasimplemented in accordance with the government's mandate and long-termplanning. There are two decision variables to consider. First, the model willidentify the optimum delivery point locations as a blending terminal betweenbiodiesel and petrodiesel (petroleum diesel). Second, it will determine thelocation of biodiesel plants' construction in order to satisfy the government'smandate. The results show that, while determining delivery point locationsaffects supply chain costs, it does not do so significantly. More influentialis determining the construction locations of biodiesel plants and this studyprovides a model for deciding the delivery points and locations of biodieselplants in order to minimize biodiesel supply chain costs in Indonesia. This study presents in detail biodiesel supply chain process in Indonesia and basedon the literature, no research was found on studying optimization biodieselsupply chain in Indonesia.

Biodiesel from used cooking oil (UCO) is one of the most sustainable solutions to replace conventional fossil fuels in the transport sector. It can achieve greenhouse gas savings up to 88% and at the same time reducing the disposal of a polluting waste. In addition, it does not provoke potential negative impacts that conventional biofuels may eventually cause linked to the use of arable land. For this reason, most policy frameworks favor its consumption. This is the case of the EU policy that double-counters the use of residue and waste use to achieve the renewable energy target in the transport sector. According to different sources, biodiesel produced from UCO could replace around 1.5%–1.8% of the EU-27 diesel consumption. This paper presents an in-depth thermoeconomic analysis of the UCO biodiesel life cycle to understand its cost formation process. It calculates the ExROI value (exergy return on investment) and renewability factor, and it demonstrates that thermoeconomics is a useful tool to assess life cycles of renewable energy systems. It also shows that UCO life cycle biodiesel production is more sustainable than biodiesel produced from vegetable oils.

Petroleum fuel plays an important role in industry, transportation, agriculture and other related industries in Iran. Iran has about 9.5% of the world's total oil reserves in 2020 and is ranked 4th in the world. The presence of sufficient conventional fossil fuels for internal combustion engines has caused environmental problems. If these Iranian fossil fuels were to run out right now, there is no suitable alternative that is just as effective. The need to research alternative fuels in Iran is therefore unavoidable. In this study, the potential and available resources of raw materials, including rapeseed oil, palm oil, fish oil, waste oil, algae, animal fat, olive oil and jatropha oil for biodiesel production in different regions of Iran, have been reviewed. Given the potentials and resources described in this study, it is hoped that the findings of this study will play an important role in biodiesel production in Iran in the future and stimulate more researchers to create biodiesel from existing sources. It is also expected that this study will increase the attention of the governmental and non-governmental organizations in Iran to the existing resources for biodiesel production and development of these resources and get rid of the existing problems of fossil fuels by investing in this field.