Suchergebnisse

The aim of this article is to offer some macro regional observations about the development of cities in the Baltic Sea Region. It is based on study that examines the development of 127 cities of the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) from 2005 to 2014 based on demographic, economic, transport, human capital and social indicators. While cities cities obviously generate growth and jobs, perform good on educational front and innovation front, the research confirms that development differences across the Western-Eastern axis are still still showing. After the economic crisis, public investment dropped substantially relative to GDP and the reliance of EU Cohesion Policy raises concerns about the long-term development. In addition, poverty, and closely related dimensions, such as housing is becoming more pressing issue in urban development.

"Monetisation and Commercialisation in the Baltic Sea, 1050-1450 explores the varied uses of silver and gold in the Baltic Sea zone during the medieval period. Ten original contributions examine coins and currencies, trade, economy, and power, taking care to avoid an out-of-date approach to economic history which assumes a progression from 'primitive' forms to 'developed' structures. Combining a variety of methodological approaches, and drawing on written sources, archaeological and numismatic evidence, and anthropological perspectives, the book considers the various ways in which silver and gold were used as monetary currency, fiscal instruments of power, and gifts in the High and Late Medieval societies of the Baltic Sea. This book will appeal to scholars and students of medieval European history, as well as those interested in economic history, and the history of trade and commerce"--

During the civil war which followed the Russian Revolution, Russia's naval power in the Baltic was reduced to insignificance. The Baltic Fleet lost the political confidence of the Government as a result of the Kronstadt mutiny of 1921, and its material and moral degenerated further in the confusion and chaos of the times.

For many years, the Baltic Sea region stood out for its remarkable stability. The dramatic changes following the end of the Cold War did not have a profound effect on the territory. However, Russia's cooperation with other states in the Baltic Sea region began to lose momentum. This paper discusses the negative effects of the Ukrainian and Syrian crises and the increasing tension between Russia and other countries in the Baltic Sea region. In the short term, these trends are unlikely to reverse. Of the two possible scenarios suspending relations until a solution to the political and military problems is found or trying to make use of every opportunity in economy, culture, science, education, etc., the latter is preferable. A breakdown in regional cooperation will weaken Russia's position. However, gaining positive momentum may prove instrumental in overcoming the confrontation between Russia and the West in the future.

This data submission is connected to a scientific paper accepted for publication in Ocean Science ("Modeling of discharges from Baltic Sea shipping" by Jalkanen et al.; https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2020-99) It consists of gridded binary data of daily shipping discharges during year 2012 in netcdf3 format, zipped to keep filesize smaller. The modeled quantities are volume releases of: 1. Bilge water 2. Black and Grey water 3. Ballast water 4. Effluents from Open and Closed loop SOx scrubber 5. Antifouling paints (CuO, ZnO, Cu-Pyrithione, Zn-Pyrithione, DCOIT and Zineb) 6. Mass of nitrogen in Food waste, grey and black water released from ships to the sea. ; This work started in the BONUS SHEBA project and it was supported by BONUS (Art 185), funded jointly by the EU, the Academy of Finland, Estonian Research Council, Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management, Swedish Environmental Protection Agency and FORMAS. We are grateful to the HELCOM member states for allowing the use of HELCOM AIS data in this research. The support from EU H2020 project EMERGE is appreciated, which has has received funding from the European Union's Horizon2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement #874990 (EMERGE project).

The paper examines flows of foreign direct
investment within the Baltic region. The author
demonstrates close investment ties among the
EU members, which are of special importance
for Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Transborder
corporate integration in the region is
characterized by significant imbalances. In
many aspects, it can be viewed as Sweden's
economic expansion or development of domestic
markets for northern European companies.
Although many German, Polish and Russian
companies are involved in corporate integration
in the Baltic region, other vectors of their
foreign economic relations are still more important
for them. As a result, the integration of
Russian business in the Baltic part of the
European integration area is still rather weak
despite Russia's considerable foreign direct
investment in the Baltic States.

This article offers a comprehensive definition of international, cross-border, and transnational clusters. The author presents a classification of international clusters of the Baltic Sea states, and identifies cross-border and transnational clusters. The paper considers the features of international clusters in the Baltic Sea region, as well as certain cases of implementation of national and international cluster policy. A comparative analysis of the Baltic Sea region provides a basis for identifying countries with high concentration of international clusters such as the Scandinavian countries and Germany. Also, the analysis indicates the potential participants of international clusters, namely the Baltics and Poland as they are involved in a large number of international cluster initiatives. The author identifies the factors contributing to the formation of international clusters in the Baltic Sea region.

Today in the Baltic Sea region, territorial marketing plays a substantial role both for tourist attraction and local young families, a quality workforce and students' retention to the region, which is not easy due to the wide scope of work and travel opportunities in the European Union Member States. Territorial marketing aims to increase the prestige of a territory by attracting local and foreign subjects to the territory by creating an expressive image, maximal use of the territory's natural, material and technical as well as financial, labour and social resources. The Baltic Sea region countries have a lot in common: historical heritage of Soviet Union influence until 1991, which has left its impact both on their architecture, city planning and on peoples' mentality; joining the European Union in 2004 and since then struggling with common market side effects that force these countries to look for new ways to sustain their regional competitiveness. The current research focuses on exploring the experience of territorial marketing use in four Baltic Sea region port cities: Parnu (Estonia), Ventspils (Latvia), Klaipeda (Lithuania) and Szczecin (Poland). The research aimed to compare the territorial marketing approaches used in the four Baltic Sea region port cities and specifics of brand positioning for the cities. In the research work, desk study and the comparative method were applied to aggregate and interpret secondary data on the four cities' development trends. Analysis and synthesis methods were applied to investigate the elements of territorial marketing.

HauptbeschreibungGo North! was the programmatic title of an international conference on Baltic Sea Region Studies that took place at Humboldt University of Berlin from April 4-6, 2005. It was hosted by the BalticStudyNet project, which is part of the European Union's Erasmus Mundus programme for the global promotion of European higher education. In order to discuss the past, present and future of Baltic Sea Region Studies, the Berlin conference brought together about fifty government representatives and scholars from all Baltic Sea Region countries, including Russia, as well as from the United

This volume focuses on the Baltic Sea region during the Cold War. Recent research conducted in several countries has sought to revise a number of long-established assumptions about the Cold-War conflict, as they do not seem to fit into the context of the Baltic world. The bipolar perspective on the Cold War is more and more being replaced by the idea of multiple players being active on different levels. Thus it is now recognised that the so called Iron Curtain was not insurmountable and a variety of contacts in such fields as economics, culture, media or tourism could take place. In addition