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Soon after the Hong Kong Government changeover in 1997, the IT industry could have created substantial revenues for the Government and business sectors alike, and also somewhat rescued the economy following the collapse of the housing market. However, the use of royalties instead of an auction for four 3G licences scuppered this opportunity.

Predictability is a key function of law. When the application of law goes from being flexible to becoming unpredictable this key function is lost. This article shows how legal application can deviate from formal agreements and law, how legal predictability experiences a setback when other forces or values affect the decision making that is supposed to be strictly legally controlled. Non-legally acknowledged factors can affect the decision-making tacitly. This means that causes like economy and politics can affect the application of law, although not admittedly, and the legislative process in order to change the application. The example used for this demonstration is taken from the Swedish development of the third generation of mobile phone infrastructure, 3G, and more specifically the responsible authority's, the Post and Telecommunications Agency, supervision of the four licence winning operators during the infrastructure roll-out. The paper addresses the difference between the intentions of the law and the application of the law, analyses and aims to explain parts of the legal complexities or inconsistencies from a socio-legal perspective. To do so, data permit process data from a regional case collected within a MiSt study (Larsson 2008) is used, along with legal documents, cases, PTA reports and more.

Industry standards affect the diffusion and adoption of new technology and the competitiveness of individual players but their development is not under the direct control of individual actors. Examines the role and importance of personal networks in the development of industry standards on the basis of a case study of Ericsson's involvement in the development of standards for 3G mobile telephony. Notes how relations among parties and many types of forums stemming from previous development and marketing involvement affect the complex set of interactions shape the bottom‐up self‐organizing way in which standards emerge. The case study has implications for our understanding of the way standards develop and for managers attempting to influence the outcomes.

The Japanese mobile market has recently shown a remarkable growth in the last decade, with more than 106.2 million 3G (3rd Generation, or W-CDMA) subscribers and 4.4 million 2G (2nd Generation, or PDC) as of December 2009. This paper attempts to analyze factors promoting Japanese mobile phone, focusing on 3G technologies. Factors promoting it can be summarized as follows: (1) deregulations by government, such as MNP (Mobile Number Portability) and collocation; (2) competition among carriers, such as introduction of new charge plans; (3) technological development, such as connection speed; and (4) contents and applications. This paper utilizes the panel data of three main carriers of the mobile phone market, namely, NTTdocomo, au (KDDI), and Softbank. As for a model for estimation, we apply that of Madden and Coble-Neal [2004] which studied the relationship between fixed and mobile phone with the panel data by the dynamic random effects estimation. Dynamic models are based not only on the assumption such that carriers do not instantaneously adjust to satisfy their long-term demand but also on network externalities. Besides, the paper applies a dynamic panel data model in order to take care of the endogeneity problem. This paper deals with this problem rigorously by applying Arellano-Bond estimator (Arellano and Bond [1991] and Arellano and Bover [1995]) which estimates exogeneous or predetermined variables, in addition to instrumental variables, using the two-step generalized method of moments (GMM). Based on this framework, this paper identifies service innovations such as entertainment, flat rate charges are found significant for the 3G mobile phone diffusion.

Autor Alby ist Experte für technische und inhaltliche Entwicklungen im Web und war bereits für den Bestseller "Web 2.0" (zuletzt BA 6/08) verantwortlich. Hier nun befasst er sich eingehend mit aktuellen und künftigen technischen Errungenschaften, die über mobile Endgeräte (Mobilfunkgerät, Handy, Smartphone, Laptop und andere Formen von Mobilcomputern) Zugang zum Web ermöglichen und stellt hier insbesondere Webdienste vor, die Besitzer entsprechender Geräte bereits heute ansprechen und gewährt einen Ausblick auf denkbare künftige Geschäftsmodelle. Alby bedient dabei den versierten Web-Professional mit der Darstellung technischer Grundlagen und der praktischen Informatik ebenso wie den Web-User, der den Blick eher auf Inhalte, aber auch Chancen und Risiken bei der Alltagsdurchdringung richtet. Insgesamt gut verständlich, durch Glossar, umfangreiches Literatur- und Webadressenverzeichnis aufgewertet, wird der Titel überall auf großes Interesse stoßen, wo "Web 2.0" des Autors gut entliehen wurde. Erster Titel zum Thema mit dieser inhaltlichen Breite! (2)

LdN254 TV-Triell, Klima-Programme, Afghanistan, Inflation, 2G- vs. 3G-Regel, Justizreform in Polen (Interview Prof. Peter Oliver Loew), GDL-Streik

In this article we will investigate what kind of regulative bodies within China were formed and how they have acted. This is the principal research question. We use the TD-SCDMA development from standard definition phase to deployment as a beacon that elucidates which Actors came together to oversee regulatory actions and how they influenced the regulation decisions towards the emerging market. Because the regulative framework and processes in China appear different from those in the USA and the EU we call the Chinese approach latent regulation, This addresses the rules, principles or policies that were the actual factors or reasons formulated for most of the decision making processes during the build-up of China TD-SCDMA networks. From the methodical point of view we consider this a process of social-technical translation among actors, such as government ministries, political organizations (Communist Party of China, CPC), university professors, and the telecom industry. That is, we have not confined the analysis to the government. To understand the paths which have been taken, the sociology of translation was applied and the Actor-Network Theory (ANT) with its four steps of translation used. The Actors in the case studies shown in this research can be broadly categorized into three groups: the government related organizations /departments, the telecom operators, the telecom equipment /handset manufactures. This kind of analysis has revealed several unique hidden latent regulatory choices or decisions that were taken using this path.

The increasing number of customers and the need for reliable communication require the availability of coverage, sufficient capacity and good quality of mobile communications networks. New BTS implementation is required to cover a wider area with good network quality. However, it often requires high cost and long time to get permission from the government and local residents. Swap and Modernization Project is a project that swap the previous 3G equipment using BTS 3900 Huawei with Ericsson RBS 6000 and modernize the 2G RBS 2000 to RBS 6000 and then carry out parameter settings to optimize the network. In this paper, we report the results of mobile network performance after Swap and Modernization projects had been done in terms of the signal strength improvements, which are showed by Rx Level, RSCP and CDD Dump parameters. The study was conducted in PT XL Axiata Northern Areas of Central Java with D5 cluster as a sample. The results show improvement of Rx Level that increased by 89.93 %, and RSCP value increased by 58.36 %. The swap and modernization of the BTS and parameter settings are able to improve CDD Dump parameters. These improvements are able to expand the coverage area of cluster D5 sites.