Suchergebnisse

The influence of incident wavelengths of four ranges: short-wave red (623–641 nm), long-wave red (646–667 nm), far red (727–751 nm) and blue (452–477 nm) on the carbon isotopic composition of lettuce biomass (Lactica sativa L.) of the Aficion variety was studied. Lettuce was grown in climatic chambers, lighting was provided by irradiators based on narrow-band LEDs. Monochromatic blue and red light have the strongest multidirectional influence. Radiation from the blue range shifts the carbon isotopic composition of lettuce biomass towards enrichment in 12C. Radiation from the red range shifts the carbon isotopic composition of lettuce biomass towards enrichment in 13C. Based on the previously developed model of carbon isotope fractionation in a photosynthesizing cell, carbon isotopic shifts of plant leaf biomass were analyzed. It is shown that in the dark period the biomass is enriched in 12C. This is a consequence of dark respiration, during which the plant loses CO2 enriched in 13C. It is shown that the reason for the observed isotopic differences between the water-soluble and water-insoluble fractions of the leaf biomass is a result of the different participation of the assimilatory carbon flux, enriched in 12C, and the photorespiratory carbon flux, enriched in 13C, in the formation of these fractions during photosynthesis.

Amulet-pendants made of jaws and teeth of predatory mammals are recorded by
archaeologists almost everywhere in the northern part of Eurasia, from the Paleolithic
to the Late Middle Ages. Traditionally, they are considered an integral part of hunting
magic, zoolatria pagan attitudes and distinctive signs of the social status of their
owners. Such finds allow us to trace the echoes and remnants of pre-monotheistic beliefs
in Late Medieval societies. A small amulet in the form of a pendant made of a bronze
clip with a part of the lower jaw of a predatory animal was discovered in burial 9
during excavations of the cemetery Solyony II on the territory of the Taman Peninsula
(Russia). Chronological attribution of the cemetery by the assemblage of finds refers
this burial to the time of the Crimean Khanate (17 th —18 th centuries). Taxonomic
examination has established the origin of the lower mandible from the skull of an old
fox (Vulpes vulpes), for which the status of a tamed animal is not excluded. The
specific characteristics of the amulet and the archaeological context of its location
emphasizes the uniqueness of this artifact. The following are discussed in detail: the
belonging of the amulet to a relatively rich burial complex of a deceased young woman;
the using of a sacred skeletal element (lower jaw) in the amulet; and the fox, which in
the medieval period was perceived as one of the female ongons. The variants of the
semantic load for the amulet under discussion are considered on the basis of the verbal
epos, myths and zoolatry tradition preserved among the multi-ethnic population of the
Caucasus.

The authors present a paleoanthropological study of the necropolises from several 16 th—18 th century towns and villages in the western part of Russia. In this area and time period, the average life expectancy was very low. The lowest, 14.5 years, is observed in the population of the borderline fortress Blokhino-1 in Saransk County. The higher the infant mortality in the groups, the lower the average life expectancy. The infant mortality rate in different localities was different. The peak of infant mortality falls on 0—5 age group in all studied groups from the western part of Russia of the 16 th—18 th centuries. The representativeness of this cohort often depends on the mortality rate of children in the first year of life. The high mortality rate of young children was associated with a low level of medical development, lack of antibiotics, and sometimes with historical situations. Mortality in the first year of life, especially newborns, was the highest in the borderline fortress Blokhino-1 of Saransk County. The reason for such a dangerous demographic situation here was the historical purpose of the fortress and the task of the population to defend their homeland. Much less attention was paid to everything else. In general, the most prosperous demographic situation was in the village of Isupovo, Kostroma region, in the city of Kazan and on the territory of Nizhny Novgorod Posad near the Kremlin (necropolis on the Verkhnevolzhskaya embankment) in the 16th—18th centuries.

The history of the accumulation of materials on counting jetons of the 17th–18th centuries obtained from the burials in the Olkhon region (western coast of Lake Baikal from Cape Elokhin to the Buguldeika village, including Olkhon Island) is considered. Based on the study of literary sources, available archival and collection materials stored in the funds of the Irkutsk State University (excavations of V. V. Pavlutskaya in the 1980s), 8 burials from the Old Buryat cemeteries were identified, in which counting jetons were recorded (more than 244). For the first time, counting jetons from the accompanying inventory of the burial ground Todakta IV are introduced into scientific circulation in full. A generalization and analysis of all currently found counting jetons of the Olkhon region are carried out and their general classification is proposed. To determine the images on some counting jetons and establish the names of the masters who made them, A. A. Pushkarev's research was used. It was possible to identify 129 jetons with varying degrees of completeness. Among them, according to the plots on the front side, the portrait theme (chest profiles of monarchs) occupies a leading place. There is a variety of plots on the reverse side of the jetons: heraldic signs, an ancient warrior, a park with a fountain, a three-masted ship, a tree under the sun. Most of the counting jetons are marked with the seal of the master Johann Christian Reich (109). There are also works of Johann Friedrich Weidinger (7), Albrecht Hoger (4), Johann Jakob Ditzel (4), Johann Adam Vogel (3) and Cornelius Lauffer (1). Taking into account the periods of activity of these masters, it is possible to outline the chronology of the use of certain plots for decorating jetons. In the first half of the 18th century (along with heraldic signs marked in the 17th century) images are often found: a sailing ship and a tree under the sun; in one case, an ancient warrior was recorded (in combination with the image of Louis XV). The themes of coats of arms and ships were encountered in the second half of the 18th century. In the Old Buryat burials of the Olkhon region, counting jetons originating from different workshops are found together. The latest of them were made in the workshop of Johann Christian Reich, which is probably associated with the intensification of the export of jetons to Russia and Siberia in the second half of the 18th century.

The results of studying spatial-temporal CO2 variations near St. Petersburg during 2014–2017 based on satellite measurements (OSO-2 satellite), ground-based spectroscopic and local measurements are presented. According to satellite data the full amplitude of the spatial-temporal variations for the average CO2 mixing ratio (XCO2) amounted to 57.7 ppm (over 14%). The maximal XCO2 spatial variations during one day of observations (17.03.2015) were 46.8 ppm (more than 10%). Comparison of CO2 satellite and ground-based spectroscopic measurements has shown that ground-based measurements in the NDACC observing system after correction of systematic differences from the TCCON system can be used for validation of satellite measurements. Ground-based local measurements of the near-surface CO2 mixing ratio at Peterhof do not correlate with either spectroscopic ground-based or satellite measurements due to both mesoscale CO2 variations and significantly different spatial averaging kernels of direct and remote measurements.

Проведена оценка системы подготовки юношей к военной службе. Проанализированы данные первичной медицинской документации, результаты профилактических медицинских осмотров и организация лечебно-диагностического процесса данного контингента. Предложены организационнометодические и лечебно-профилактические мероприятия с целью усовершенствования медицинского обеспечения подросткового населения и повышения уровня его здоровья. Ключевые слова: юношеский контингент, медицинское обеспечение, профосмотр. ; Проведено оцінку системи підготовки юнаків до військової служби. Проаналізовано дані первинної медичної документації, результати профілактичних медичних оглядів та організацію лікувально-діагностичного процесу даного контингенту. Запропоновано організаційно-методичні та лікувально-профілактичні заходи з метою удосконалення медичного забезпечення підліткового населення та підвищення рівня його здоров'я. Ключові слова: юнацький контингент, медичне забезпечення, профогляд. ; The evaluation of the system of training young men for military service is conducted. The data of primary medical records, the results of preventive medical examinations and the organization of medical-diagnostic process of the present contingent is analyzed. It is proposed organizational and methodological treatments and also preventive measures with the aim of improvement of the medical support of adolescent population and their health improvement. Key words: juvenile contingent, medical support, baseline medical examination.

Проведена оценка системы подготовки юношей к военной службе. Проанализированы данные первичной медицинской документации, результаты профилактических медицинских осмотров и организация лечебно-диагностического процесса данного контингента. Предложены организационнометодические и лечебно-профилактические мероприятия с целью усовершенствования медицинского обеспечения подросткового населения и повышения уровня его здоровья. Ключевые слова: юношеский контингент, медицинское обеспечение, профосмотр. ; Проведено оцінку системи підготовки юнаків до військової служби. Проаналізовано дані первинної медичної документації, результати профілактичних медичних оглядів та організацію лікувально-діагностичного процесу даного контингенту. Запропоновано організаційно-методичні та лікувально-профілактичні заходи з метою удосконалення медичного забезпечення підліткового населення та підвищення рівня його здоров'я. Ключові слова: юнацький контингент, медичне забезпечення, профогляд. ; The evaluation of the system of training young men for military service is conducted. The data of primary medical records, the results of preventive medical examinations and the organization of medical-diagnostic process of the present contingent is analyzed. It is proposed organizational and methodological treatments and also preventive measures with the aim of improvement of the medical support of adolescent population and their health improvement. Key words: juvenile contingent, medical support, baseline medical examination.