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The Pact for Mexico signed in 2012 identified 108 policy actions to be implemented during the government of Enrique Peña Nieto. The signing of this agreement was the prelude to a new wave of market reforms. This article summarizes a previous document in which we analysed each reform implemented in several areas: labour, education, fiscal, financial, economic competition, telecommunications, and energy. This paper affirms and insists on the need to launch a new development agenda that promotes sustained growth, with the main focus being to reduce inequality and promote social mobility. ; El Pacto por México firmado en 2012 identificó 108 acciones de política a implementarse durante el gobierno de Enrique Peña Nieto. La firma de este acuerdo fue la antesala de una nueva oleada de reformas estructurales. Este artículo resume un estudio previo, donde analizamos con detalle cada una de las reformas implementadas en las materias: laboral, educativa, fiscal, financiera, competencia económica, telecomunicaciones y energía. En este texto se afirma e insiste en la necesidad de poner en marcha una nueva agenda de desarrollo que promueva el crecimiento sostenido, teniendo como eje toral abatir la desigualdad y promover la movilidad social. ; O Pacto por México firmado em 2012 identificou 108 ações políticas por implementar durante o governo de Enrique Peña Nieto. A firma deste acordo foi a antessala de um novo surto de reformas estruturais. Este artigo resume um estudo prévio, onde analisamos detalhadamente cada uma das reformas implementadas nas matérias: trabalhistas, educativa, fiscal, financeira, competência econômica, telecomunicações e energia. Neste texto se afirma a e insiste na necessidade de dar andamento a uma nova agenda de desenvolvimento que promova o crescimento sustentável, tendo como eixo o combate à desigualdade e a promoção da mobilidade social.

Accenture -- Adidas -- Adobe -- Acon -- Airbus -- Airtel -- Allianz -- Amazon.com -- American Express -- Apple -- Armani -- Asahi -- ASDA -- AT&T -- Audi -- Avon -- AXA -- BAE systems -- Bank of China -- Barclays -- BASF -- Bayer -- BBC -- Biore -- Blackberry -- BMW -- BNP Paribas -- Boeing -- Bombardier -- BP -- Bradesco -- BT -- Budweiser -- Burberry -- Cadbury -- Canon -- Capgemini -- Carrefour -- Cartier -- Caterpillar -- Chevrolet -- Chevron -- China Mobile -- China Unicorn -- Chipolte -- Chiquita -- Christian Dior -- Chrysler -- Cisco -- Citi -- Citroen -- Coach -- Coca-Cola -- Coles -- Colgate -- Comcast -- The Co-operative Group -- Corona Extra -- Costco -- Credit Suisse -- CVS -- Daewoo International -- Daimler -- Danone -- Dell -- Deloitte -- Delta -- Deutsche Bank -- DHL -- DIRECTV -- Disney -- DFM -- Dove -- Dr Pepper -- eBay -- Ecolab -- Eli Lilly -- Emirates Airlines -- E.ON -- Ericsson -- ExxonMobile -- Facebook -- Falabella -- Fanta -- FedEx -- Ferrari -- Fiat -- FIFA -- FNAC -- Ford -- Fujifilm -- Fujitsu -- Gap -- Gazprom -- GDF SUEZ -- GE -- General Group -- General Mills -- General Motors -- George Weston -- Gillette -- GlaxoSmithKline -- Goldman Sachs -- Google -- Goya -- Green Mountain Coffee -- Gropo Bimbo -- Gucci -- Harley-Davidson -- Heineken -- Heinz -- Hermes -- Hitachi -- H&M -- Home Depot -- Honda -- HP -- HSBC -- HTC -- Hyundai -- IBM -- ICBC -- IKEA -- ING -- Intel -- Isuzu -- Itau -- Jack Daniel's -- John Deere -- Johnnie Walker -- Johnson & Johnson -- Jollibee -- JP Morgan -- Kellogg's -- KFC -- Kia -- Kit Kat -- Kleenex -- KPMG -- Lancome -- Lexus -- LG Electronics -- Li-Ning -- Lipton -- L'Oreal -- Louis Vuitton -- Lowe's -- Lufthansa -- Lux -- Magnit -- Marks & Spencer -- Marlboro -- Marubeni -- Mattel -- Mazda -- McDonald's -- Medtronic -- Mercedes-Benz -- METRO Cash & Carry -- Microsoft -- Mitsubishi -- Mitsui -- Moet & Chandon -- Morgan Stanley -- Morrisons -- Moutain Dew -- Movistar -- MTV -- National Basketball Assocaiation (NBA) -- National Football League (NFL) -- Nescafe -- Nestle -- Next -- Nike -- Nintendo -- NTT Group -- Nissan -- Nivea -- Nokia -- Nordstrom -- Novartis -- O2 -- Olay -- Oracle -- Orange -- Panasonic -- Pao de Acucar -- Pearson -- Pepsi -- Perfetti Van Melle -- PetroChina -- Peugeot -- Pfizer -- Philips -- Pizza Hut -- PlayStation -- Porsche -- Prada -- Purina -- Randstad -- Raytheon Company -- RBC -- Renault -- Roche -- Rolls-Royce -- SABMiller -- Sainsbury's -- Saint-Gobain -- Sam's Club -- Samsung -- Santander -- Sanyo -- SAP -- Sberbank -- Schneider Electric -- Schwarzkopf -- 7-Eleven -- Shanghai Tang -- Sharp -- Shell -- Shiseido -- Siemens -- Singapore Airlines -- Sinopec -- Skoda -- SK Telecom -- Sky -- Smirnoff -- Sodexo -- Sony -- Sprite -- Starbucks -- Subaru -- Subway -- Sumitomo Corporation -- Suning -- Suzuki -- T -- Taco Bell -- Target -- Tata -- Tesco -- Thomson Reuters -- 3M -- Tiffany & Co. -- Time Warner Cable -- T-Mobile -- Toshiba -- Total -- Toyota -- Twitter -- UBS -- United Healthcare -- UPS -- Vauxhall -- Veolia -- Verizon -- Visa -- Vodafone -- Volkswagon -- Walgreens -- Walmart -- Whole Foods -- Woolworths -- Xerox -- Yahoo! -- Yamada Denki -- Zara -- Zurich.

Os sistemas de tratamento de efluentes buscam a eficiência na remoção ou transformação de substâncias indesejáveis, reduzindo os impactos gerados pelas atividades humanas e atendendo os padrões de lançamento de efluentes, determinados pelas legislações vigentes. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a eficiência da Estação de Tratamento de Efluentes (ETE) de instalada em uma Universidade localizada no estado do Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil, composta por um sistema modular com dois reatores anaeróbios, um reator aeróbio, contendo meio suporte de leito móvel, um decantador e um tanque de contato para desinfecção. Esta avaliação foi realizada em três cenários distintos, sendo cada um monitorado por seis semanas consecutivas. No primeiro cenário (3S) analisou-se a eficiência do sistema ao manterem-se três sopradores de ar em operação. No segundo (2S), foram mantidos dois sopradores ligados e no último cenário (1S), apenas um. Os parâmetros analisados foram: Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio (DBO5); Demanda Química de Oxigênio (DQO); Nitrogênio Total Kjeldahl (NTK); nitrogênio amoniacal; oxigênio dissolvido (OD); potencial de oxirredução (ORP); e série de sólidos. Os dados apurados foram confrontados com a eficiência de projeto estabelecida pelos fabricantes do sistema modular e com os padrões de lançamento de efluentes definidos pelas legislações vigentes. As diferentes condições de aeração interferiram na eficiência de remoção de matéria orgânica e nitrogênio, observando-se resultados mais satisfatórios na condição 3S. Apesar de ser verificada redução do OD no reator aeróbio entre os diferentes cenários analisados, em nenhum momento o reator apresentou concentrações abaixo de 2,5 mg O2/L. A maior parte dos valores de ORP obtidos durante o estudo corresponderam às condições esperadas para cada reator. Não foram percebidas alterações na formação de biomassa do meio suporte que pudessem estar relacionadas à mudança das condições de aeração do reator aeróbio. Os resultados de DBO5 e DQO do efluente tratado demonstraram que a estação apresenta alta eficiência de remoção destes parâmetros, mesmo na condição de menor aeração. Contudo, nos três cenários avaliados, constatou-se baixa eficiência de remoção de nitrogênio. Acredita-se que a baixa eficiência de remoção de nitrogênio da ETE não seja relacionada somente às condições de aeração, mas também à variação da concentração de matéria orgânica biodegradável afluente à estação.

AbstractAmmonia has been considered as a novel fuel for decarbonization purposes. However, emissions from combustion systems are still posing a problem. Therefore, experimental and numerical simulations have been conducted to study the concentration of exhaust emissions (Nitric oxide "NO", Nitrous oxide "N2O") from burning the ammonia/hydrogen (NH3/H2) blend 85/15 (vol%). The effects were measured at various thermal powers ranging 10 to 20 kW and with different Reynolds numbers from 20,000—40,000. The experimental points were numerically investigated in the Ansys CHEMKIN-Pro environment employing seven chemical kinetic mechanisms taken from the literature. All experiments have been undertaken at standard atmospheric conditions. The experimental results showed that both NO and N2O gradually increased when the Reynolds number increased from 20,000 to 40,000. Along with that, the concentration of NO emissions at the exhaust reported minimum level when the Re = 20,000 due to lower reactivity radical formation, all that led to a deterioration of the flame characteristics. Also, the integrated radical intensities of NO*, OH*, NH*, and NH2* demonstrate an increasing trend as Re increased from 20,000 to 40,000. In terms of thermal power, N2O suffered an abrupt decrease when the thermal power increased up to 15 kW, while the opposite occurs for NO. In addition, the radicals intensity of OH*, NH*and NH2* figures show an increase in their concentration when the thermal power increased up to 15 kW then decreased with increasing thermal intensity to reach 20 kW, reflecting into increased NO productions and decreased N2O levels. The numerical analysis showed that Stagni, Bertolino, and Bowen Mei were the most accurate mechanisms as these give a good prediction for NO and N2O. The study also showed that the chemical reaction (HNO + O2 ↔ NO + HO2) is the main source of NO formation. While the chemical reaction (NH + NO ↔ N2O + H) is responsible for the formation of N2O by consuming NO and when there will be abundance in NH radicals. Finally, dealing with a blended fuel of high ammonia concentration encourages ammonia chemistry to become more dominant in the flame. It decreases the flame temperature, hence lowering heat loss between the flame and the surrounding.

Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is a critical component of food security, economy and planetary health. Human production of reactive nitrogen (Nr) via Haber-Bosch process and cultivation-induced biological N2 fixation (BNF) has doubled global N cycling over the last century. The most important beneficial effect of Nr is augmenting global food supplies due to increased crop yields. However, increased circulation of Nr in the environment is responsible for serious human health effects such as methemoglobinemia ("blue baby syndrome") and eutrophication of coastal and inland waters. Furthermore, ammonia (NH3) emission mainly from farming and animal husbandary impacts not only human health causing chronic lung disease, inflammation of human airways and irritation of eyes, sinuses and skin but is also involved in the formation of secondary particulate matter (PM) that plays a critical role in environment and human health. Nr also affects human health via global warming, depletion of stratospheric ozone layer resulting in greater intensity of ultra violet B rays (UVB) on the Earth's surface, and creation of ground-level ozone (through reaction of NO2 with O2). The consequential indirect human health effects of Nr include the spread of vector-borne pathogens, increased incidence of skin cancer, development of cataracts, and serious respiratory diseases, besides land degradation. Evidently, the strategies to reduce Nr and mitigate adverse environmental and human health impacts include plugging pathways of nitrogen transport and loss through runoff, leaching and emissions of NH3, nitrogen oxides (NO
x
), and other N compounds; improving fertilizer N use efficiency; reducing regional disparity in access to N fertilizers; enhancing BNF to decrease dependence on chemical fertilizers; replacing animal-based proteins with plant-based proteins; adopting improved methods of livestock raising and manure management; reducing air pollution and secondary PM formation; and subjecting industrial and vehicular NO
x
emission to pollution control laws. Strategic implementation of all these presents a major challenge across the fields of agriculture, ecology and public health. Recent observations on the reduction of air pollution in the COVID-19 lockdown period in several world regions provide an insight into the achievability of long-term air quality improvement. In this review, we focus on complex relationships between Nr and human health, highlighting a wide range of beneficial and detrimental effects.

We present the first application of a hierarchical Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) follow-up on continuous gravitational-wave candidates from real-data searches. The follow-up uses an MCMC sampler to draw parameter-space points from the posterior distribution, constructed using the matched-filter as a log-likelihood. As outliers are narrowed down, coherence time increases, imposing more restrictive phase-evolution templates. We introduce a novel Bayes factor to compare results from different stages: The signal hypothesis is derived from first principles, while the noise hypothesis uses extreme value theory to derive a background model. The effectiveness of our proposal is evaluated on fake Gaussian data and applied to a set of 30 outliers produced by different continuous wave searches on O2 Advanced LIGO data. The results of our analysis suggest all but five outliers are inconsistent with an astrophysical origin under the standard continuous wave signal model. We successfully ascribe four of the surviving outliers to instrumental artifacts and a strong hardware injection present in the data. The behavior of the fifth outlier suggests an instrumental origin as well, but we could not relate it to any known instrumental cause. ; This work was supported by European Union FEDER funds, the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación Grants No. PID2019–106416 GB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, No. RED2018-102661-T, No. RED2018-102573-E, Comunitat Autònoma de les Illes Balears through Conselleria de Fons Europeus, Universitat i Cultura and the Direcció General de Política Universitaria i Recerca with funds from the Tourist Stay Tax Law ITS 2017-006 (PRD2018/24), Generalitat Valenciana (No. PROMETEO/2019/071), EU COST Actions No. CA18108, No. CA17137, No. CA16214, and No. CA16104. R. T. is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (ref. FPU 18/00694). D. K. is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (ref. BEAGAL 18/00148) and cofinanced by the Universitat de les Illes Balears. The authors thankfully acknowledge the computer resources at Picasso and the technical support provided by Barcelona Supercomputing Center—Centro Nacional de Supercomputación through Grants No. AECT-2020-3-0022 and No. AECT-2021-1-0029 from the Red Española de Supercomputación (RES).

Three types of glaucony grains were identified in the late Eocene (~35.5-34.1 Ma) sediments from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Hole 696B in the northwestern Weddell Sea (Antarctica). The grains are K2O-rich (~7 wt%) and formed by smectite-poor interstratified ~10 Å glauconite-smectite with flaky/rosette-shaped surface nanostructures. Two glaucony types reflect an evolved (types 1 and 2 glaucony; less mature to mature) stage and long term glauconitization, attesting to the glaucony grains being formed in situ, whereas the third type (type 3 glaucony) shows evidences of alteration and reworking from nearby areas. Conditions for the glaucony authigenesis occurred in an open-shelf environment deeper than 50 m, under sub-oxic conditions near the sediment-water interface. These environmental conditions were triggered by low sedimentation rates and recurrent winnowing action by bottom-currents, leading to stratigraphic condensation. The condensed glaucony-bearing section provides an overview of continuous sea-level rise conditions pre-dating the onset of Antarctic glaciation during the Eocene-Oligocene transition. Sediment burial, drop of O2 levels, and ongoing reducing (postoxic to sulphidic) conditions at Hole 696B, resulting in iron-sulphide precipitation, were a key limiting factor for the glauconitization by sequestration of Fe2+. ; This research used samples from the ODP. We thank the staff at the Gulf Coast core repository for assistance in ODP Leg 113 core handling and shipping. Funding for this research is provided by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (grants CTM2014-60451-C2-1-P and CTM2017-89711-C2-1-P, CGL2016-75679P) co-funded by the European Union through FEDER funds and RNM-208 group (Discontinuidades estratigráficas, Junta de Andalucía, Spain). We acknowledge the help of Dr. María del Mar Abad, Dr. Isabel Sánchez Almazo, Dr. Miguel Angel Hidalgo, Dr. Miguel Angel Salas, and Isabel Nieto (Scientific Instrumentation Center of the University of Granada, CIC) for their help along different phases of the laboratory work. We also acknowledge the constructive comments of two anonymous reviewers that have helped to improve this paper. We wish to thank Prof. C. Hans Nelson for their constructive comments and improvement of our English, which contributed greatly toward clarification of the text. Thanks are also given to Dr. Francisco J. Lobo and Dr. Fernando Bohoyo for their helpful comments related to the study area and regional tectonics.

This research used samples from the ODP. We thank the staff at the Gulf Coast core repository for assistance in ODP Leg 113 core handling and shipping. ; We acknowledge the help of Dr. María del Mar Abad, Dr. Isabel Sánchez Almazo, Dr. Miguel Angel Hidalgo, Dr. Miguel Angel Salas, and Isabel Nieto (Scientific Instrumentation Center of the University of Granada, CIC) for their help along different phases of the laboratory work. We also acknowledge the constructive comments of two anonymous reviewers that have helped to improve this paper. We wish to thank Prof. C. Hans Nelson for their constructive comments and improvement of our English, which contributed greatly toward clarification of the text. Thanks are also given to Dr. Francisco J. Lobo and Dr. Fernando Bohoyo for their helpful comments related to the study area and regional tectonics. ; Three types of glaucony grains were identified in the late Eocene (~35.5–34.1 Ma) sediments from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Hole 696B in the northwestern Weddell Sea (Antarctica). The grains are K2O-rich (~7 wt%) and formed by smectite-poor interstratified ~10 Å glauconite-smectite with flaky/ rosette-shaped surface nanostructures. Two glaucony types reflect an evolved (types 1 and 2 glaucony; less mature to mature) stage and long term glauconitization, attesting to the glaucony grains being formed in situ, whereas the third type (type 3 glaucony) shows evidences of alteration and reworking from nearby areas. Conditions for the glaucony authigenesis occurred in an open-shelf environment deeper than 50 m, under sub-oxic conditions near the sediment-water interface. These environmental conditions were triggered by low sedimentation rates and recurrent winnowing action by bottomcurrents, leading to stratigraphic condensation. The condensed glaucony-bearing section provides an overview of continuous sea-level rise conditions pre-dating the onset of Antarctic glaciation during the Eocene-Oligocene transition. Sediment burial, drop of O2 levels, and ongoing reducing (postoxic to sulphidic) conditions at Hole 696B, resulting in iron-sulphide precipitation, were a key limiting factor for the glauconitization by sequestration of Fe2+. ; Funding for this research is provided by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (grants CTM2014-60451-C2-1-P and CTM2017-89711-C2-1-P, CGL2016-75679P) cofunded by the European Union through FEDER funds and RNM-208 group (Discontinuidades estratigráficas, Junta de Andalucía, Spain).

Background: Boar seminal plasma is rich in cytokines, which could influence the capability of spermatozoa to tolerate preservation. Objectives: To evaluate the involvement of boar seminal plasma cytokines in the changes experienced by boar spermatozoa during their storage, either in liquid or frozen state. Materials and Methods: In two separated experiments, semen samples from healthy and fertile boars were split in two aliquots, one centrifuged twice (1,500 ×g for 10 min) to harvest seminal plasma, whereas the other was either commercially extended (3 × 107 sperm/mL) and liquid-stored at 17°C during 144 h (n = 28, Experiment 1) or frozen-thawed using a standard 0.5 mL protocol (n = 27, Experiment 2). Sixteen cytokines were quantified using Luminex xMAP®. Sperm attributes (CASA-evaluated total and progressive motility; flow cytometry-evaluated sperm viability, production of intracellular H2O2 and O2•-" role="presentation" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; line-height: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative; outline: 0px !important;">O∙−2O2•- and levels of lipid peroxidation in viable spermatozoa) were evaluated either at 0, 72, or 144 h of liquid storage (Experiment 1) or before freezing and at 30- and 150-min post-thawing (Experiment 2). Results: Multiple linear regression models, with Bayesian approach for variable selection, revealed that the anti-inflammatory TGF-β2, TGF-β3, IL-1Ra, and IL-4 and the pro-inflammatory IL-8 and IL-18, predicted changes in sperm motility for liquid-stored semen while the anti-inflammatory IFN-γ was included in the models predicting changes in all sperm attributes for cryopreserved semen. Conclusion: Specific boar seminal plasma cytokines would contribute to modulate the structural and metabolic changes shown by spermatozoa during preservation, either in liquid or frozen state. ; Funding Agencies|MINECO Madrid (Spain) [AGL2015-69738-R]; FEDER Madrid (Spain) [AGL2015-69738-R]; Seneca Foundation Murcia (Spain)Fundacion Seneca [19892/GERM/15]; Swedish Research Council Formas [Stockholm, Sweden] [2017-00946]; Swedish Research Council [Vetenskapsradet, VR, Stockholm, Sweden] [2015-05919]; FORSS [Stockholm, Sweden] [745971]; MICINN (Madrid, Spain)Spanish Government; MINECO (Madrid, Spain)

The main aim of the present work is to study the accumulation of acetaldehyde and Strecker aldehydes (isobutyraldehyde, 2-methylbutanal, isovaleraldehyde, methional, phenylacetaldehyde) during the oxidation of red wines, and to relate the patterns of accumulation to the wine chemical composition. For that, eight different wines, extensively chemically characterized, were subjected at 25°C to three different controlled O2 exposure conditions: low (10 mg L−1) and medium or high (the stoichiometrically required amount to oxidize all wine total SO2 plus 18 or 32 mg L−1, respectively). Levels of volatile aldehydes and carbonyls were then determined and processed by different statistical techniques. Results showed that young wines (3 years-old bottled wines) accumulated acetaldehyde while their content in SO2 was not null, and the aged wine containing lowest polyphenols accumulated it throughout the whole process. Models suggest that the ability of a wine to accumulate acetaldehyde is positively related to its content in combined SO2, in epigallocatechin and to the mean degree of polymerization, and negatively to its content in Aldehyde Reactive Polyphenols (ARPs) which, attending to our models, are anthocyanins and small tannins. The accumulation of Strecker aldehydes is directly proportional to the wine content in the amino acid precursor, being the proportionality factor much higher for aged wines, except for phenylacetaldehyde, for which the opposite pattern was observed. Models suggest that non-aromatic Strecker aldehydes share with acetaldehyde a strong affinity toward ARPs and that the specific pattern of phenylacetaldehyde is likely due to a much reduced reactivity toward ARPs, to the possibility that diacetyl induces Strecker degradation of phenyl alanine and to the potential higher reactivity of this amino acid to some quinones derived from catechin. All this makes that this aldehyde accumulates with intensity, particularly in young wines, shortly after wine SO2 is depleted. ; This work has been funded by the Spanish MINECO (Project AGL2014-59840, RTC-2015-3379 and RTC-2016-4935-2) and parly cofunded by the European Union (FEDER). VC and AM-C have received a grant from the Spanish FPU and FPI programs, respectively. Funding from Diputación General de Aragón (T53) and Fondo Social Europeo is acknowledged. ; Peer reviewed

10 págs.; 7 figs.; Optical Components and Materials XIII ; Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) is used to produce Er-doped lead-niobium germanate (PbO¿Nb2O5¿GeO2) and fluorotellurite (TeO2¿ZnO¿ZnF2) thin film glasses. Films having high refractive index, low absorption and large transmission are obtained in a narrow processing window that depends on the actual PLD configuration (O2 pressure: a few Pa, Laser energy density: 2-3 J cm-2 for the results presented in this work). However, Er-doped thin film glasses synthetized at room temperature using these experimental parameters show poor photoluminescence (PL) performance due to non-radiative decay channels, such as a large OH- concentration. Thermal annealing allows improving PL intensity and lifetime (TPL), the latter becoming close to that of the parent Er-doped bulk glass. In addition, the use of alternate PLD from host glass and rare-earth targets allows the synthesis of nanostructured thin film glasses with a controlled rare-earth concentration and in-depth distribution, as it is illustrated for Er-doped PbO-Nb2O5-GeO2 film glasses. In this case, PL intensity at 1.53 microns increases with the spacing between Er-doped layers to reach a maximum for a separation between Er-doped layers close to 5 nm, while TPL is close to the bulk value independently of the spacing. Finally, the comparison of these results with those obtained for films grown by standard PLD from Er-doped glass targets suggests that nanostructuration allows reducing rare-earth clustering and concentration quenching effects. © 2016 SPIE ; We acknowledge J. García-Lopez from the Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CNA, Spain) and B. Mate from the Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM, CSIC, Spain) for Ion beam and FTIR analysis, respectively. We thank R. Serna from the Instituto de Optica and past PhD students at the Institute, D. Munoz-Martin and O. Sanz for their contribution to different parts of the results presented. This work was supported by the Spanish Government MINECO under Projects No. TEC2012-38901-C02-01 and MAT2013-48246-C2-2-P and the Basque Country Government IT943- 16. R. Morea acknowledges a FPI grant from the Spanish Government. ; Peer Reviewed

Abstract. Two deep ice cores, Dome Fuji (DF) and EPICA Dome C (EDC), drilled at remote dome summits in Antarctica, were synchronized to better understand their chronology. A total of 1401 volcanic tie points were identified covering the past 216 kyr. DFO2006, the chronology for the DF core characterized by strong constraining by the O2/N2 age markers, was compared with AICC2012, the chronology for 5 cores including the EDC core, and characterized by glaciological approaches combining ice flow modelling with various age markers. The age gaps between the two chronologies are within 2 kyr, except at Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5. DFO2006 gives ages older than AICC2012, with peak values of the gap of 4.5 and 3.1 kyr at MIS 5d and MIS 5b, respectively. Accordingly, ratios of duration DFO2006/AICC2012 are 85% at a period from the late stage of MIS 6 to MIS 5d and 114% at a period from MIS 5d to 5b. We then compared the DFO2006 with another chronology of the DF core, DFGT2006, characterized by glaciological approaches with weaker constraining by age markers. Features of the DFO2006/DFGT2006 age gaps are very similar to those of the DFO2006/AICC2012 age gaps. This fact lead us to hypothesize that a cause of the systematic DFO2006/AICC2012 age gaps at MIS 5 are associated with differences in the dating approaches. Besides, ages of speleothem records from China agreed well with DFO2006 at MIS 5c and 5d but not at MIS 5b. Thus, we hypothesize at least at MIS 5c and 5d, major sources of the gaps are systematic errors in surface mass balance estimation in the glaciological approach. Compatibility of the age markers should be carefully assessed in future. ; This work is a contribution to the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA), a joint European Science Foundation/European Commission scientific program, funded by the European Union and by national contributions from Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. This study was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) (20241007) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). ; This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Copernicus Publications via http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-11-407-2015

34 Pags., 8 Figs., 1 Suppl. Tabl., 1 Suppl. Fig. Available online 18 September 2013. The defintive version is available at: http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/102.htm ; Metal homeostasis is an important aspect of plant physiology, and the copper transport into the chloroplast and its fate after delivery is of special relevance for plants. In this work, the regulation of the chloroplastic copper chaperone for the cuprozinc superoxide dismutase (GmCCS) and its target, the cuprozinc superoxide dismutase (GmCSD2), was investigated in photosynthetic cell suspensions and entire plants from Glycine max (L.) Merr. Both genes were expressed in cell suspensions and in all plant tissues analysed, and their RNAs matured by alternative splicing with intron retention (IntronR). This mechanism generated a spliced and three non-spliced mRNAs in the case of GmCCS but only a spliced and a non-spliced mRNAs in GmCSD2. Copper excess strongly upregulated the expression of both fully spliced mRNAs but mostly unaffected the non-spliced forms. In entire plants, some tissue specificity was also observed depending on copper content status. At the protein level, the GmCCS was mostly unaffected but the GmCSD2 was strongly induced under copper excess in all subcellular fractions analysed, suggesting a post-transcriptional regulation for the former. This different protein regulation of the chaperone and its target may indicate some additional function for the CSD2 protein. In addition to its well-known superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, it may also function as a metal sink in copper excess availability to avoid metal cell damage. Furthermore, the GmCCS seems to be present in the stroma only but the GmCSD2 was present in both stroma and thylakoids despite the general idea that the SOD enzymes are typically soluble stroma proteins. The presence of the SOD enzyme on the surface of the thylakoid membranes is reasonable considering that the superoxide radical (O2–) is preferentially formed at the acceptor side of the PSI. ; This work was supported by Grants AGL2008–00377 and AGL2011–23574 from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO), partially funded by the EU FEDER Program, and Grant E33 from Aragon Regional Government. SS would like to thank to Ramón Areces Foundation for financial support. MB acknowledges the support of the CSIC JAE-DOC Program, and MBC and DS that from the CSIC JAE-PREDOC Program. ; Peer reviewed

Funding Information: Funding: This study was financially supported by the Portuguese Fundação para a Ciência e Tec-nologia (FCT), grants PTDC/BIA-BQM/27959/2017 and PTDC/BIA-BQM/0562/2020, and Project MOSTMICRO-ITQB with references UIDB/04612/2020 and UIDP/04612/2020. This project has also received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement 810856. MCM is the recipient of FCT grant SFRH/BD/143651/2019. BAS is the recipient of FCT grant DFA/BD/8066/2020. Funding Information: This study was financially supported by the Portuguese Funda??o para a Ci?ncia e Tecnologia (FCT), grants PTDC/BIA-BQM/27959/2017 and PTDC/BIA-BQM/0562/2020, and Project MOSTMICRO-ITQB with references UIDB/04612/2020 and UIDP/04612/2020. This project has also received funding from the European Union?s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement 810856. MCM is the recipient of FCT grant SFRH/BD/143651/2019. BAS is the recipient of FCT grant DFA/BD/8066/2020. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. ; Flavodiiron proteins (FDPs) are a family of modular and soluble enzymes endowed with nitric oxide and/or oxygen reductase activities, producing N2O or H2O, respectively. The FDP from Escherichia coli, which, apart from the two core domains, possesses a rubredoxin-like domain at the C-terminus (therefore named flavorubredoxin (FlRd)), is a bona fide NO reductase, exhibiting O2 reducing activity that is approximately ten times lower than that for NO. Among the flavorubredoxins, there is a strictly conserved amino acids motif,-G[S,T]SYN-, close to the catalytic diiron center. To assess its role in FlRd's activity, we designed several site-directed mutants, replacing the conserved residues with hydrophobic or anionic ones. The mutants, which maintained the general characteristics of the wild type enzyme, including cofactor content and integrity of the diiron center, revealed a decrease of their oxygen reductase activity, while the NO reductase activity—specifically, its physiological function—was almost completely abolished in some of the mutants. Molecular modeling of the mutant proteins pointed to subtle changes in the predicted structures that resulted in the reduction of the hydration of the regions around the conserved residues, as well as in the elimination of hydrogen bonds, which may affect proton transfer and/or product release. ; published

Table grapes (Vitis vinifera cv. Cardinal) are highly perishable and their quality deteriorates during postharvest storage at low temperature mainly because of sensitivity to fungal decay and senescence of rachis. The application of a 3-day CO2 treatment (20 kPa CO2 + 20 kPa O2 + 60 kPa N2) at 0°C reduced total decay and retained fruit quality in early and late-harvested table grapes during postharvest storage. In order to study the transcriptional responsiveness of table grapes to low temperature and high CO2 levels in the first stage of storage and how the maturity stage affect these changes, we have performed a comparative large-scale transcriptional analysis using the custom-made GrapeGen GeneChip®. In the first stage of storage, low temperature led to a significantly intense change in grape skin transcriptome irrespective of fruit maturity, although there were different changes within each stage. In the case of CO2 treated samples, in comparison to fruit at time zero, only slight differences were observed. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that major modifications in the transcriptome profile of early- and late-harvested grapes stored at 0°C are linked to biotic and abiotic stress-responsive terms. However, in both cases there is a specific reprogramming of the transcriptome during the first stage of storage at 0°C in order to withstand the cold stress. Thus, genes involved in gluconeogenesis, photosynthesis, mRNA translation and lipid transport were up-regulated in the case of early-harvested grapes, and genes related to protein folding stability and intracellular membrane trafficking in late-harvested grapes. The beneficial effect of high CO2 treatment maintaining table grape quality seems to be an active process requiring the induction of several transcription factors and kinases in early-harvested grapes, and the activation of processes associated to the maintenance of energy in late-harvested grapes. ; This work was supported by the European Union under the 7th Framework Programme FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG no. 321694 and by CICYT projects AGL2011-26742 and AGL2014-53081-R. RR, IR, and CF were supported by a postdoctoral JAE contract from the CSIC, a postdoctoral Juan de la Cierva contract from the MICINN and a predoctoral contract from the MEC, respectively. The work benefited from the networking activities within the European COST Action FA1106-QualityFruit. Authors thank Dr. José Miguel Martínez-Zapater (ICVV, CSIC, Spain) and "Genoma España" for providing the custom-made Vitis vinifera GeneChip. ; USD 2116,5 APC fee funded by the EC FP7 Post-Grant Open Access Pilot ; Peer reviewed