Suchergebnisse

While aging and the life-course appear to be normalized processes, the complex construction of age at the intersection of biology, society, and culture remains opaque. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of age(ing) by exploring its construction through the analysis of extraordinary cases. Focusing on life narratives of centenarians and children with progeria, Julia Velten analyzes the way in which these people experience age(ing) and shows how these experiences can contribute to our understanding of age. Situated at the intersection of aging studies and medical humanities, the study explores what extraordinary age(ing) can tell us about aging processes in general.

El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el sistema agroforestal Milpa Intercalada con
Árboles Frutales (MIAF) durante un ciclo productivo (2020-2021) en la comunidad
Icalumtic, Municipio de Chamula, Chiapas, comunidad que ha desarrollado una
experiencia de diez años con este sistema agroforestal. Se utilizó un método de evaluación
de la sustentabilidad agroecológica propuesto por Altieri y Nicholls (2002) usando 30
indicadores cuantitativos y cualitativos, los cuales fueron definidos con la comunidad de
manera participativa. Estos indicadores estuvieron categorizados en tres ejes de
sustentabilidad: eje ecológico-técnico-productivo, eje socioeconómico y eje
sociopolítico-cultural, abordados desde los conceptos de la agricultura sustentable y los
sistemas agroforestales. Se aplicó el cuestionario a ocho hombres y ocho mujeres y en
cada parcela se hicieron muestreos de área en cuadrados de 5x5m. Los resultados se
sistematizaron en hojas excel, para ser analizados con gráficas "ameba", para lo cual se
usó una escala de 0 a 10 para calificar la sustentabilidad del sistema de acuerdo con los
indicadores propuestos, 0 para el menos sustentable y 10 para el más sustentable. Para el
análisis de los resultados de los muestreos en parcelas y los cuestionarios también se usó estadística descriptiva y análisis del discurso. Entre los resultados se obtuvo un promedio
general y mediante el análisis de los gráficos radiales, encontramos un promedio de 8.16
para el eje ecológico técnico productivo, de 7.23 para el eje sociopolítico-cultural, ambos
dentro de la sustentabilidad medianamente aceptable; para el eje socioeconómicos fue de
4.04, dentro de la sustentabilidad no aceptable.

Schulgeschichtsbücher spiegeln das historische Verständnis einer Gesellschaft zur jeweiligen Zeit wider. Als Konglomerat dessen, was an nachfolgende Generationen weitergegeben werden soll, stellen sie damit einen zentralen und ergiebigen Forschungsgegenstand dar. Anhand der Darstellung des Versailler Vertrags in Schulbüchern aus Deutschland, Frankreich, Großbritannien und den USA vergleicht Lena Mörike die Entwicklung nationaler Erinnerungskulturen zwischen 1919 und 2019. Dabei zeigt sie Wechselwirkungen zwischen Geschichtsbildern und politischen Einflüssen auf, legt persistierende Narrative frei und untersucht bewusste und unbewusste Mechanismen der kollektiven Erinnerungsbildung.

When the 2007 global financial crisis hit financial markets, European leaders were quick to point the finger at US markets, excessive risk-taking, and insufficient regulation. However, it soon became apparent that European banks were more exposed than their Wall Street counterparts. With massive dollar liabilities, European banks were dependent on the US to act as a global lender of last resort. The crisis revealed a level of transatlantic interdependence that had been unknown to most observers and policymakers prior to the crisis. We argue that this represents a paradox, given that the project of the European Monetary Union was partly motivated by a desire to make Europe more independent from the US dollar. The euro was a response to the challenge of "it's our dollar, but it's your problem." In this article, we examine how the European vulnerability to the US dollar that began post-Bretton Woods did not, in fact, disappear with the creation of a European currency. Instead, through financialization and deregulation, European financial markets developed new, complex interactions with US financial markets. This financialization of transatlantic banking flows created a new type of interdependence. As European banks were so heavily invested in US markets, this gave the US authorities a direct interest in bailing them out. While cross-border banking flows have decreased since the crisis, the interdependencies remain, and currency swaps were used once again to handle the economic fallout from Covid-19. In the area of financial and monetary policy, the transatlantic relationship remains strong and stable within a dollar hegemony.

Looking at Russia's experiences with Western sanctions, China is even more eager than before to reduce its dependence on the US-dominated international financial and currency regime. To that end, it is promoting the renminbi as an international currency. Success, however, has been limited. To do better, Beijing would have to implement reforms that are economically very risky.

Am 9. März 2022 wählte Südkorea einen neuen Präsidenten. Nach einem äußerst aggressiv geführten, von Skandalen geprägten Wahlkampf und einem historisch knap­pen Wahlergebnis steht nun fest: Der ehemalige Generalstaatsanwalt Yoon Suk-yeol von der konservativen oppositionellen People Power Party (PPP) wird der nächste Präsident Südkoreas und Nachfolger von Amtsinhaber Moon Jae-in. Neben zahlreichen innenpolitischen sieht sich Yoon auch mit handfesten außenpolitischen Herausforderungen konfrontiert. Inwiefern der zukünftige südkoreanische Präsident seine poli­tischen Ziele umsetzen kann, hängt nicht zuletzt davon ab, ob es ihm gelingen wird, die tiefen parteipolitischen Gräben zu überbrücken, die notwendige gesellschaftliche Unterstützung zu erlangen und politische Durchsetzungsfähigkeit unter Beweis zu stellen. (Autorenreferat)

From spring 2019 until summer 2021, Israel was politically paralysed because no stable government could be formed. Four elections were necessary before a new gov­ernment took over on 13 June 2021. Not only was Benjamin Netanyahu replaced as prime minister after 12 years. A coalition was formed that covers almost the entire political spectrum. In the meantime, it has stabilised and its direction is becoming clearer. Nationally and internationally, the coalition has broken with the populist rhetoric of the Netanyahu government. At the same time, it is exploring different policies: Domestically, it is for the first time including an independent Arab party and has stopped the attacks on principles of liberal democracy. In its foreign policy, it is promoting rapprochement with the European Union (EU) and the Biden adminis­tration as well as more integration into the region. It is also trying to contain the conflict with the Palestinians through social and economic measures. But a political rapprochement is not in sight. A "point of no return" is looming, making a two-state solution impossible. (author's abstract)

We used a person-centered approach to examine associations among time attitude profiles - positive and negative feelings about the past, present, and future - and risky behaviors. Participants were adolescents from the U.S. and Germany. The U.S. sample included 742 participants (MAge = 15.71; 53.6% female). The German sample included 610 participants (MAge = 14.75; 51.4% female). Latent profile analyses supported three more adaptive (Positive, Balanced, and Optimists) and two less adaptive (Ambivalent, Extremely Past Negative) time attitude profiles in both samples. In the U.S., adolescents in the Positive profile reported fewer risky behaviors than their counterparts. In Germany, adolescents in the Extremely Past Negatives profile reported more risky behaviors than their counterparts. Findings support the investigation of time attitudes as a meaningful correlate of risky behaviors in adolescents and across cultures.

The resilience model to disinformation (Humprecht et al., 2020, 2021) suggests that countries will differ in exposure and reactions to disinformation due to their distinct media, economic, and political environments. In this model, higher media trust and the use of public service broadcasters are expected to build resilience to disinformation, while social media use and political polarization undermine resilience. To further test and develop the resilience model, we draw on a four-country (the US, Canada, the UK, and France) survey conducted in February 2021. We focus on three individual-level indicators of a lack of resilience: awareness of, exposure to, and sharing of misinformation. We find that social media use is associated with higher levels of all three measures, which is consistent with the resilience model. Social media use decreases resilience to misinformation. Contrary to the expectations of the resilience model, trust in national news media does not build resilience. Finally, we consider the use of public broadcasting media (BBC, France Télévisions, and CBC). The use of these sources does not build resilience in the short term. Moving forward, we suggest that awareness of, exposure to, and reactions to misinformation are best understood in terms of social media use and left–right ideology. Furthermore, instead of focusing on the US as the exceptional case of low resilience, we should consider the UK as the exceptional case of high resilience to misinformation. Finally, we identify potential avenues to further develop frameworks to understand and measure resilience to misinformation.

This article explores the use of video data analysis to study escalation processes. Based on an in-depth study of officer-involved shootings in the United States, it first discusses the use of body-worn footage, CCTV camera, mobile phone, and dash cam footage for the analysis of escalation processes and the benefits of triangulating video data and document data for contextualizing situational analyses. The article then examines video data analysis as a fruitful tool to study police use of force and discusses two key aspects in such analyses: validity assessment and focus on specific analytic dimensions and lenses. Both aspects are illustrated by my study of officer use of force. Findings indicate that by triangulating various sources of ready-made videos available online with document data, the role of situational dynamics, as well as biases for officer use of force, can be studied systematically. Officer use of force is a striking and present example for how 21st century video data and video data analysis can allow novel insights into social phenomena. But such data and analysis also increasingly allow for examining other instances of escalation, as well as other types of extraordinary and everyday events.

The second decade of the twenty-first century witnessed a significant 'rightward drift' as populists in the West scored striking electoral gains. We argue that this reflects a shift in the power of electoral cleavages that is asymmetric in nature. Specifically, voters for whom immigration is salient are more likely to switch to conservative and national populist parties than to liberal or left-wing parties. We leverage data from three prominent cases, the United States, Britain and Germany, to demonstrate that immigration-specific asymmetric realignment occurred in the three countries. These findings have implications for our understanding of electoral politics, populism and the emerging 'culture divide' in party systems.

Die Colonia Dignidad erlangte wegen zahlreicher bis heute unaufgeklärter Menschenrechtsverbrechen internationale Bekanntheit. Dass einstige Mitglieder der deutschen Gruppe das historische Siedlungsgelände in Chile unter dem Namen "Villa Baviera" (deutsch: bayerisches Dorf) schrittweise zu einem touristischen Freizeitort umfunktioniert haben, sorgt angesichts der mangelnden Aufarbeitung für anhaltende Kritik. Meike Dreckmann-Nielen untersucht, wie sich einstige Mitglieder der Gruppe heute an ihre eigene Vergangenheit erinnern. In ihrer Studie ermöglicht sie einen intimen Einblick in komplexe erinnerungskulturelle Dynamiken im Mikrokosmos der ehemaligen Siedlungsgemeinschaft.

El "excepcionalismo" como conciencia de las diferencias entre los Estados Unidos y Europa (y el resto del mundo) y un sentido de superioridad se convirtieron en componentes del nacionalismo estadounidense y han afectado la forma en que los estadounidenses perciben el mundo y su papel en él. Hay muchas interpretaciones de cómo llegó a ser el país, cuáles son sus características definitorias y qué tan fácticos o meramente autocomplacientes fueron realmente o son ahora los elementos de las afirmaciones nacionalistas de excepcionalidad. Como cualquier principio nacionalista, la tesis de la excepcionalidad ciertamente requiere una interpretación deliberadamente selectiva e incompleta de la historia nacional. Este estudio examina el desempeño real actual del país, en términos económicos, sociales y políticos, en comparación con otras democracias desarrolladas, para evaluar la validez empírica de esa afirmación de "excepcionalidad" en la práctica real. Se ofrecen muchos enlaces a fuentes en línea gratuitas y de alta calidad en inglés para ayudar a las personas interesadas que deseen analizar más a fondo algunos aspectos de la situación contemporánea de los Estados Unidos en un contexto comparativo.