Suchergebnisse

International audience During March, April and May 2007 the local newspaper for the island of La Réunion, "Le Journal de L'Ile de La Réunion" (JIR), published 427 articles relating to natural hazards, with hazard-related articles occupying a total paper area of 21.94 m2 and appearing in all but four of the 90 editions of the newspaper. This high level of coverage was due to the passage of two cyclones in March, the largest historical eruption of Piton de la Fournaise in April, and a major rock fall event in May. The high level of coverage may also be due to the fact that JIR is a tabloid that follows tabloid news values. Cyclones, volcanic eruptions and rock falls fit the news values of a tabloid well, especially when the stories involve the power elite, feature stories of human interest, include surprise elements and rescues, and are of high impact, especially to the local population. Disasters also provide spectacular imagery and the opportunity for eye-catching headlines, which is another element of the tabloid format. These key parameters thus all flag stories about natural hazards and, in particular, volcanic eruptions as being newsworthy for a tabloid.Of the page space devoted to natural hazards, 9.24 m2 (42%) were set aside to reporting of volcanic activity, specifically the April 2007 eruption of Piton de la Fournaise. We completed a content analysis of these reports to understand the quality of information disseminated to the readership and to extract data regarding the impact of the eruption on local communities. We found the information to be of extremely high quality, with lava reporting being the most important issue covered by page area, mostly due to its photogenic nature. If we consider text-dominated reports, and exclude photo-montages, then the order of importance in terms of space set aside to reporting of a particular theme becomes: (i) general eruption details; (ii) summit collapse; (iii) lava flows; (iv) evacuation; (v) gas; (vi) ocean-entry; (v) air fall; (vi) vegetation fires (lit by lava ...

International audience As a result of half a century of transformations due to successive urban policies, Algiers today is a spread, fragmented and disjointed agglomeration. It also faces real challenges in terms of planning of transport and mobility. The automobile dependency status is reflected by the fact that it has become essential for daily movements for a large part of the population. The organization and efficiency of the transport system and urban form directly influences the mode of transport favored by the population. Our article proposes to compare the performance of private automotive system and public transport in terms of accessibility. Through the establishment of a GIS database and a comparative approach, the result of this work allowed us to better understand the space-time dimension in Algiers and the evolution of accessibility, that have happened to the various agglomerations between 2004 and 2015. Indeed, this approach has never been the subject of a deep analysis in the various researches on the city of Algiers. An accessibility modeling appears to be a very interesting approach, firstly to have a clear vision of "accessibility", one of the decisive parameters of any transport policy and also to better appreciate the consequences of the various public transport policies. ; Après un demi-siècle de transformations urbaines (conséquences de politiques urbaines successives), Alger d'aujourd'hui est une agglomération étalée, éclatée, fragmentée et discontinue. Elle est également confrontée à de véritables enjeux en matière de planification des transports et de la mobilité.Le concept de dépendance à l'automobile reflète le fait que cette dernière soit devenue indispensable pour l'ensemble des déplacements quotidiens d'une majeure partie de la population. L'organisation et l'efficacité du système des transports et la forme urbaine influencent directement le mode de transport privilégié par la population. Notre article se propose de comparer la performance du système automobile et du transport en ...

Our companies have validated the cartesian credo, according to which man must behave as master and owner of nature. This contribution analyses some of the key elements of the current ecological crisis: dualism and anthropocentrism at the heart of our ethical foundations, private ownership and its utilitarianism within the legal systems, and the merchandisation specific to the capitalist system. Environmental law itself has become part of this pre-existing body, since far from having pushed for the emergence of new models, it has maintained an unwavering belief in the market as an environmental regulator. The rights of nature are designed to bring about a revolution. A philosophical revolution in the sense that ecosystems are recognised as having intrinsic value: nature is not only valued through the benefits that humanity can derive from it. A legal revolution in so far as nature becomes a subject of law and the latter is no longer protected solely by human interests. A cultural revolution, lastly, by promoting indigenous peoples for whom interdependence, reciprocity and complementarity are fundamental values rooted in a cosmology that places people within nature. The aim of this step is not to be achieved at the expense of human well-being, but to place it within ecological limits. Nature rights are an instrument that condemns both the exploitation of nature and the exploitation of the most vulnerable people within the productive system. If the idea of radical separation between humanity and the natural world is discarded, then the rights of nature protect ecosystems as much as human communities from profit-based predatory logic. In this sense, human and nature rights are complementary and interdependent. ; Nos sociétés ont validé le credo cartésien selon lequel l'homme doit se comporter comme maître et possesseur de la nature. Cette contribution analyse certaines clés de la crise écologique actuelle : le dualisme et l'anthropocentrisme au cœur de nos fondements éthiques, la propriété privée et sa justification ...

Sexual initiation: repression or freedom under control adolescence corresponds to entry into sexuality. After puberty, boys and girls are able to have active sexuality. However, they are still not self-sufficient, and their sexuality is subject to social control by families and educational institutions dedicated to them. This control takes very different forms. In summary, it is possible to distinguish between societies in which, under certain conditions, adolescents of both sexes gain access to a comprehensive sex life fairly quickly, and others where juvenile sexuality is repressed in various ways, with varying degrees of rigour, depending on whether boys or girls are targeted. In any case, the way in which a society 'manages' the sexuality of adolescents is strongly linked to its understanding of the different ages of life and the relationship between the sexes and generations. The so-called 'first' societies, that is to say, those which, based on basic economic activities, do not have very strong social divisions or a state-style system of power, are virtually unaware of the concept of adolescence. They may appear at first sight to be very permissive in relation to juvenile sexuality, but in fact have a whole system of regulation. Without forcing young pubs to push back their pulses, they define a range of bans that must be adhered to in order to preserve the balance within the community. In such societies, boys and girls move directly from childhood to adulthood to puberty. However, this is done through the highly developed rites known as initiators. Initiation, according to the definition given by Romanian historian and Philosopher Mircea Eliade, is 'a process whereby a subject meeting the conditions assigned by the social group to which he is going to enter has access to a way of life and thought which was previously forbidden to him' 1. It marks a break with the world of childhood seen as asexual and irresponsible. At the same time as acquiring an adult social status and knowledge of a number of sacred ...

611 621 56 4 ; S ; [EN] Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an effective treatment for those patients with severe heart failure. Regrettably, there are about one third of CRT "non-responders", i.e. patients who have undergone this form of device therapy but do not respond to it, which adversely affects the utility and cost-effectiveness of CRT. In this paper, we assess the ability of a novel surface ECG marker to predict CRT response. We performed a retrospective exploratory study of the ECG previous to CRT implantation in 43 consecutive patients with ischemic (17) or non-ischemic (26) cardiomyopathy. We extracted the QRST complexes (consisting of the QRS complex, the S-T segment, and the T wave) and obtained a measure of their energy by means of spectral analysis. This ECG marker showed statistically significant lower values for non-responder patients and, joint with the duration of QRS complexes (the current gold-standard to predict CRT response), the following performances: 86% accuracy, 88% sensitivity, and 80% specificity. In this manner, the proposed ECG marker may help clinicians to predict positive response to CRT in a non-invasive way, in order to minimize unsuccessful procedures. This work was supported by MINECO under grants MTM2013-43540-P and MTM2016-76647-P. Ortigosa, N.; Pérez-Roselló, V.; Donoso, V.; Osca Asensi, J.; Martínez-Dolz, L.; Fernández Rosell, C.; Galbis Verdu, A. (2018). Early prediction of cardiac resynchronization therapy response by non-invasive electrocardiogram markers. Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing. 56(4):611-621. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-017-1711-1 Boggiatto P, Fernández C, Galbis A (2009) A group representation related to the stockwell transform. Indiana University Mathematics Journal 58(5):2277–2296 Brignole M, Auricchio A, Baron-Esquivias G, Bordachar P, Boriani G et al (2013) 2013 ESC guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy. Europace 15:1070–1118 Brown RA, Lauzon ML, Frayne R (2010) A general description of ...

in 1942, historian Jules Isaac concluded in clandestine terms a book entitled 'The oligarchs'. He dealt with the Athenian democratic adversaries who, in 404 before J.-C., took advantage of the defeat against Sparte to overthrow the regime with the assistance of the enemy. The subject is inspired by his resemblances to current events, after France's defeat against Germans, the establishment of an anti-democratic government working with Hitler, the general abolition of freedoms and then persecution of Jews, starting with the civic degradation of French people such as the author. In return, this news influences the interpretation the latter offers of ancient events, in a deliberative book that can be classified. ; International audience Jules Isaac wrote Les Oligarques in hiding in 1942. This book focusses on Athenian adversaries of democracy who took advantage of Athens' defeat by Sparta in order to dissolve the democracy with the help of the enemy. Resemblances to contemporary events, once France was defeated by Germany, inspired Isaac to develop this subject: the installation of an anti-democratic government that collaborated with Hitler, the general abolition of civil liberties, the persecutions of Jews, in particular the civic degradation of French citizens such as the author himself, influenced Isaac's interpretation of the ancient events in a book that deliberately defies classification according to genre. ; in 1942, historian Jules Isaac concluded in clandestine terms a book entitled 'The oligarchs'. He dealt with the Athenian democratic adversaries who, in 404 before J.-C., took advantage of the defeat against Sparte to overthrow the regime with the assistance of the enemy. The subject is inspired by his resemblances to current events, after France's defeat against Germans, the establishment of an anti-democratic government working with Hitler, the general abolition of freedoms and then persecution of Jews, starting with the civic degradation of French people such as the author. In return, this news ...

As a specific crime, incest has become a special case of sexual offences in the contemporary French criminal code. There is now a challenge to its criminal treatment, which is not a criminal offence. In general, there is a problem of material evidence of the facts: old facts, absence of witnesses, no physical trace. Beyond that, however, there is uncertainty in referring to incestuous family ties and establishing proof of the non-consent of the minor who is the victim of incest. This article is based on a corpus of 27 cases of intra-family sexual violence against minors tried in the course of 2010, in French child and criminal courts. It examines how criminal law is applied to criminalise and punish incest. Judicial records show significant disparities in the classification of criminal offences. Some family ties are considered to be incestuous, others are not as long as they leave the family relationship in a direct line. The article also highlights that age prevails over family ties. Thus, the emergence of a failure to consent under the Staff Regulations linked to age, which equates the incest in a genealogical and major/minor relationship. ; International audience Once a specific crime, incest became a particular case of sexual offences in the modern French penal code. Today the issue is about the penal treatment of incest, its penal qualification is far from obvious. Usually, a problem related to the physical proof is raised: lack of physical marks, outdated facts, lack of witness. There are also uncertainties to aim for incestuous family links, and to provide evidence of a minor victim's non-consent. This article is based on a corpus of 27 legal cases of child sexual abuses within families. These cases have been judged in 2010 by French children's courts or correctional courts. We study how the criminal law is applied to punish incest. The analysis focused on disparities of the incest penal qualification. Some family ties are considered incestuous, but others are not because out of the direct kinship. The ...

The CIDOC-CRM standard indicates that common events, actors, places and timeframes are important in linking together cultural material, and provides a framework for describing them. However, merely describing entities in this way in two datasets does not yet interlink them. To do that, the identities of instances still need to be either reconciled, or be based on a shared vocabulary. The WW1LOD dataset presented in this paper was created to facilitate both of these approaches for collections dealing with the First World War. For this purpose, the dataset includes events, places, agents, times, keywords, and themes related to the war, based on over ten different authoritative data sources from providers such as the Imperial War Museum. The content is harmonized into RDF, and published as a Linked Open Data service. While generally based on CIDOC-CRM, some modeling choices used also deviate from it where our experience dictated such. In the article, these deviations are discussed in the hope that they may serveas examples where CIDOC-CRM itself may warrant further examination. As a demonstration of use, the dataset and online service have been used to create a contextual reader application that is able to link together and pull in information related to WW1 from, e.g., 1914–1918 Online, Wikipedia, WW1 Discovery, Europeana and the Digital Public Library of America. Peer reviewed

113 124 163 ; S ; [EN] Sustainable drainage systems are an alternative and holistic approach to conventional urban stormwater management that use and enhance natural processes to mimic pre-development hydrology, adding a number of well-recognized, although not so often quantified benefits. However, transitions towards regenerative urban built environments that widely incorporate sustainable drainage systems are "per se" innovative journeys that encounter barriers which include the limited evidence on the performance of these systems which, in many countries, are still unknown to professionals and decision makers. A further important barrier is the frequently poor interaction among stakeholders; key items such as sustainable drainage systems provide collective benefits which also demand collective efforts. With the aim of overcoming such innovation-driven barriers, six showcase projects (including rain gardens acting as infiltration basins, swales and a green roof) to demonstrate the feasibility and suitability of sustainable drainage systems were developed and/or retrofitted in two cities of the Valencian region of Spain as a part of an European project, and their performance was monitored for a year. The data acquired, after being fully analyzed and presented to a group of key regional stakeholders, is proving to be a valuable promoter of the desired transition (for instance in influencing the support to SuDS in recent regional legislation). This paper presents detailed data on how these urban ecological drainage infrastructure elements reduce runoff (peak flows and volumes) and improve its quality, contributing to the goal of healthier and livable cities. The data show that the pilots have good hydraulic performance under a typical Mediterranean climate and also provided water quality benefits. Furthermore, it shows how engagement can contribute to smarter governance in the sense of smoothing the difficulties faced by innovation when being presented, understood, and endorsed by professionals and ...

1051 1054 355 6329 ; S Čejka, J., & Wichterlová, B. (2002). ACID-CATALYZED SYNTHESIS OF MONO- AND DIALKYL BENZENES OVER ZEOLITES: ACTIVE SITES, ZEOLITE TOPOLOGY, AND REACTION MECHANISMS. Catalysis Reviews, 44(3), 375-421. doi:10.1081/cr-120005741 J. R. Butler, X. Xiao, R. Hall, U.S. Patent 20,080,319,243 (2008). S. I. Zones, U.S. Patent 4,544,538 (1985). E. Mishani et al.,U.S. Patent 20,110,293,519 (2011). M. K. Rubin, P. Chu, U.S. Patent 4,954,325 (1990). A. S. Fung, S. L. Lawton, W. J. Roth, U.S. Patent 5,362,697 (1994). ; [EN] Unlike homogeneous catalysts that are often designed for particular reactions, zeolites are heterogeneous catalysts that are explored and optimized in a heuristic fashion. We present a methodol. for synthesizing active and selective zeolites by using org. structure-¿directing agents that mimic the transition state (TS) of preestablished reactions to be catalyzed. In these zeolites, the pores and cavities could be generated approaching a mol.-¿recognition pattern. For disproportionation of toluene and isomerization of ethylbenzene into xylenes, the TSs are larger than the reaction products. Zeolite ITQ-¿27 showed high disproportionation activity, and ITQ-¿64 showed high selectivity for the desired para and ortho isomers. For the case of a product and TS of similar size, we synthesized a catalyst, MIT-¿1, for the isomerization of endo-¿dicyclopentane into adamantane. This work has been supported by the European Union through the European Research Council (grant ERC-AdG-2014-671093, SynCatMatch) and the Spanish government through the "Severo Ochoa Program" (grant SEV 2012-0267). The Electron Microscopy Service of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (UPV) is acknowledged for help with sample characterization. The Red Espanola de Supercomputacion (RES) and Centre de Calcul de la Universitat de Valencia are gratefully acknowledged for computational facilities and technical assistance. E.M.G. acknowledges "La Caixa-Severo Ochoa" International Ph.D. Fellowship (call 2015). We thank I. ...

This article explores the role of "the human factor" in the achievement of the full potential of the bioeconomy. It examines in particular the role of social and institutional factors (norms, networks, contractual arrangements, public policies). Three main classes of factors are discussed: the hindering or fostering impact of social values, organizational shifts implied by the development of the bioeconomy, and interactions inside territorial systems. A particular focus is then made on the forest and wood sector, in which all these factors are particularly important. We then suggest some policy implications in order tomaximize the beneficial impact of the bioeconomy. ; Colloque Bioénergies durables : innovations dans les territoires et les filières, Reims, FRA, 22-/11/2016 - 22/11/2016 Cet article fait le point sur le rôle de « l'élément humain » dans la concrétisation du potentiel de développement de la bioéconomie, et plus précisément des facteurs sociaux et institutionnels (normes, réseaux, arrangements contractuels, politiques publiques.). Trois grands types de facteurs sont discutés : le rôle des valeurs sociales dans le déploiement de la bioéconomie, les modifications organisationnelles qu'il induit, et les interactions au sein des systèmes territoriaux. Cette discussion est illustrée par le cas de la filière forêt-bois, où ces facteurs sont particulièrement importants. L'article conclut par quelques propositions pour en matière de politiques locales pour maximiser les retombées positives de la bioéconomie.

International audience This article focuses on the place of temporalities in the process of identity construction, in continuation of A.-M.Thiesse's work. This topic is approached here, through a study of interventionist discourse during Soviet show trials in the inter-war period (1928-1933). At that time, the Soviet authorities both exalted an image of allied intervention during the civil war in Russia and insisted simultaneously on the imminent danger of a new foreign armed attack against the USSR. The article analyses the process of creation and the objectives of thisamalgam, blurring the time frontiers between two events, one historical and another projected into the nearest future. The analysis shows that reshuffle of temporalities, which is characteristic of interventionist discourse, is mobilized by political power. Designed to advance multiple goals, it is namely thought to be a means of identity construction process. This example shows that the latter is not based only on creation of a past and a present shared by all the members of a community. The future and more generally the process of time frontiers blurring can also be thought to be a mechanism of social cohesion reinforcement. ; Cet essai développe une réflexion sur la place des temporalités dans le processus de la construction identitaire dans la lignée des travaux de A.-M. Thiesse. Cette thématique est abordée ici à travers l'étude du discours interventionniste pendant les procès-spectacles en Union Soviétique entre 1928 et 1933. Lors de ces procès, les autorités soviétiques exaltent une image de l'intervention alliée du temps de la guerre civile, tout en insistant sur le danger immédiat d'une nouvelle offensive armée contre le pays. L'article revient en détail sur la création et les finalités de cet amalgame systématiquement réitéré, au point que les frontières temporelles entre les deux évènements s'effacent. L'analyse de l'amalgame montre que les remaniements des temporalités, caractéristiques du discours interventionniste, sont mobilisés ...

The history of the legal status of agricultural seeds is a tragedy. The multiplication of plant property rights, facilitated by a system of free access to the genetic resource, has deprived farmers of part of their identity and heritage. And if the reownership of seeds by producers would require new forms of collective and local management, inspired by the reflections on "commons"? ; International audience ; The history of the legal status of agricultural seeds is a tragedy. The multiplication of plant property rights, facilitated by a system of free access to the genetic resource, has deprived farmers of part of their identity and heritage. And if the reownership of seeds by producers would require new forms of collective and local management, inspired by the reflections on "commons"? ; L'histoire du statut juridique des semences agricoles est celle d'une tragédie. La multiplication des droits de propriété sur le végétal, facilitée par un système de libre accès à la ressource génétique, a dépossédé les agriculteurs d'une part de leur identité et de leur patrimoine. Et si la réappropriation des semences par les producteurs passait par de nouvelles formes de gestion collective et locale, inspirées des réflexions sur les « communs » ?

The articulation of the themes of development and creation undertaken by Bergson in Creative Development is achieved through internal criticism of the metaphysics of the representation, as G. Deleuze said. Bergson undertook to redesign metaphysics in order to re-integrate the 'subject' into the differential movement of life, without the paralysing idea of substance. The mediatising spatial and rationalisation of the world's intellectual interpretation then replaced the immediate timing of the duration, freed by the intuition method. Its aim is to give the intuitive duration of the decomposed subject to the crucial duration of the vital momentum, which is an excellent image of its 'true evolutionism'. Similarly, in Nietzsche, thought of the will of power is aimed at dehumanisation of the world for access to the prational, pulsional and archiferous current of life. The similarity between Nietzsche's physio-psychological method and Bergson's intuitive method reveals, in the negative, a humanist bias in the vital impulse, which is directed to and for the benefit of humans. It is therefore necessary to show, in the light of a comparative study between Nietzsche and Bergson, that despite the ambition of its author, the vital impetus remains a 'human, too human' interpretation, and, by extension, always a prisoner of the metaphysics of the representation. ; L'articulation des thèmes de l'évolution et de la création entreprise par Bergson dans l'Évolution créatrice s'accomplit à travers une critique interne de la métaphysique de la représentation, selon l'expression de G. Deleuze. Bergson y engage une refonte de la métaphysique en faveur d'une réintégration du « sujet » dans le mouvement différenciel de la vie, affranchi de l'idée paralysante de substance. À la spatialisation et à la rationalisation médiatisantes de l'interprétation intellectuelle du monde il substitue alors la temporalisation immédiate de la durée, libérée par la méthode de l'intuition. Son objectif consiste à accorder la durée intuitive du sujet ...

The Basque Country of France is typically presented as a case of weak institutionalisation of Basque identity in relation to its southern neighbours. However, the change in governance experienced in the region since the 1990s has initiated a process of institutionalising a public policy on the Basque language and culture. The apparent immutability of the French language regime has not prevented local institutional arrangements. The linguistic social movement has worked on the institutional completeness of bascophones first through self-organisation and then by putting the linguistic challenge on the agenda of territorial public policies. The incremental or gradual institutional change that has occurred has led to an intermediate language regime in this territory. However, the Bascophone community continues to be in a situation of institutional incompleteness, creating uncertainty for the future of the language. ; International audience The French Basque Country is usually seen as a case of weak institutionalization of Basque identity, especially when compared with its Spanish Basque neighbours. However, changes in territorial governance since the 1990s have led to the emergence of a new policy in favour of the Basque language and culture. Despite the apparent immutability of the French linguistic regime, a local institutional arrangement was set up in the Basque Country. The Basque language movement worked in favour of the institutional completeness of the Basque-speaking community first through self-organization and community organizations, then by placing the language issue on the territories' public policy agenda. This incremental institutional change resulted in an intermediary linguistic regime. The Basque-speaking community, however, is still experiencing a situation of institutional incompleteness which renders uncertain the future of the Basque language. ; The Basque Country of France is typically presented as a case of weak institutionalisation of Basque identity in relation to its southern neighbours. ...