Suchergebnisse

Der Energiesektor ist sowohl für die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung eines Landes als auch für die Bewältigung des Treibhauseffekts von zentraler Bedeutung: etwa 75% der globalen, vom Menschen verursachten Treibhausgasemissionen entstehen bei der Energienutzung. Dies gilt auch - und immer mehr - für die Entwicklungs-, Schwellen- und Transformationsländer, deren jährliche Treibhausgasemissionen die der Industrieländer bald übersteigen werden. Aus diesem Grund wird verstärkt eine globale 'Energiewende' gefordert. Ziel einer solchen Wende ist die Abkehr von der Nutzung fossiler Energieträger und der Aufbau einer auf erneuerbaren Energien basierenden Energieversorgung. Anhand des Fallbeispiels Mosambik wird untersucht, ob die Energieprojekte der Weltbank einen Beitrag zu nachhaltiger Entwicklung leisten. Dabei wird das Engagement der Weltbank im Elektrizitäts-, Kohle- und Gassektor mit Hilfe von ökologischen, sozialen und ökonomischen Nachhaltigkeitskriterien analysiert. Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchung können u.U. als Anzeichen der Reform(un)fähigkeit der Weltbank gewertet werden. Mosambik wird als Fallstudie gewählt, weil die Weltbank dort sehr aktiv ist und auch im Energiesektor mehrere Projekte durchgeführt hat bzw. noch durchführt. Darüber hinaus spielt das Land eine wichtige Rolle für die Energieversorgung der Region, da es Kohle, Elektrizität und Gas in die Nachbarländer exportiert. Als Voraussetzung für die Entwicklung von Kriterien zur Analyse der Energieprojekte der Weltbank wird zunächst auf das Leitbild der nachhaltigen Entwicklung eingegangen. Durch die Anwendung des Leitbilds auf den Energiesektor wird der Begriff 'nachhaltige Energieversorgung' näher bestimmt. In einem zweiten Schritt gilt es dann zu präzisieren, was nachhaltige Energieversorgung im Kontext eines Entwicklungslandes bedeutet. Diese Begriffsklärung bildet die Basis für die Herausarbeitung der Kriterien zur Bewertung des Beitrags, den die Energieprojekte der Weltbank zur Verwirklichung des Leitbilds der nachhaltigen Entwicklung in Mosambik leisten. Im dritten Schritt werden dann die energiepolitischen Strategien behandelt, die die Weltbank in ihren Partnerländern verfolgt. Auf dieser Grundlage werden die Energieprojekte der Weltbank in Mosambik in den größeren Zusammenhang der Reformanstrengungen der Weltbank gestellt. Nach einer Beschreibung der Struktur des Elektrizitäts-, Kohle- und Gassektors in Mosambik in einem vierten Schritt werden abschließend die Energieprojekte der Weltbank mit Hilfe der zuvor entwickelten Kriterien untersucht. (ICG2)

Water shortages are now affecting half the worlds population, disrupting food and energy security as well as urban water supplies in many cities. The overuse of water and associated drying of rivers, lakes, and aquifers has become a leading cause of freshwater species imperilment. Climate change forecasts foretell even greater challenges in many water-scarce regions. These threats to our water future can be ameliorated, but it will require bold and concerted action on the part of governments, city leaders, and farmers. This presentation will highlight the key solutions that must be implemented. Brian Richter has been a global leader in water science and conservation for more than 25 years. He is the Chief Scientist for the Global Water Program of The Nature Conservancy, an international conservation organization, where he promotes sustainable water use and management with governments, corporations, and local communities. He is also the President of Sustainable Waters, a global water education organization. Brian has consulted on more than 120 water projects worldwide. He serves as a water advisor to some of the worlds largest corporations, investment banks, and the United Nations, and has testified before the U.S. Congress on multiple occasions. He also teaches a course on Water Sustainability at the University of Virginia. Brian has developed numerous scientific tools and methods to support river protection and restoration efforts, including the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration software that is being used by water managers and scientists worldwide. Brian was featured in a BBC documentary with David Attenborough on How Many People Can Live on Planet Earth? He has published many scientific papers on the importance of ecologically sustainable water management in international science journals, and co-authored a book with Sandra Postel entitled Rivers for Life: Managing Water for People and Nature (Island Press, 2003). His new book, Chasing Water: A Guide for Moving from Scarcity to Sustainability, was published by Island Press in June 2014. - National Geographic, http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/author/brichter/ ; Virginia Tech. Global Change Center ; Virginia Tech. Virginia Water Resources Research Center

This study determined whether school location was a predictor of English as a second language learners' achievement in reading when taught with synthetic phonics using the non-equivalent, non-randomized control group quasi-experimental design. The population of the study comprised 1844 primary one school pupils in Enugu East Local Government Area of Enugu State. Out of this population, a sample of 66 pupils from urban location and 52 from rural location was drawn using multi stage sampling technique. The instrument used for data collection was Initial Reading Achievement Test (IRAT) which was designed by the researcher. Mean, Standard Deviations and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) were used to analyse the generated data. The results of the study revealed that school location significantly influenced pupils' achievement in reading. It also showed that there was significant interaction effect of teaching method and location on pupils' achievement in reading. It was concluded that in addition to teaching method, school location proved to be a predictor of pupils' achievement in reading. Hence, it was recommended that pupils from different school locations should be exposed sufficiently to equal literacy-enriched environment to bridge the gap in achievement among learners from urban and rural school environments. Keywords: School location, literacy-enriched environment, achievement in reading, interaction effect, Initial Reading Achievement Test, synthetic phonics

A visual and cultural history of hip hop, charting its meteoric rise from underground trailblazer to global tastemaker To tell the story of contemporary American culture is to tell the story of hip hop. From its humble, underground origins, hip hop transcended the confines of rap music and spread its influence across a broad spectrum of American life ? fashion, film, art, sports, politics, language ? to become a cultural movement of profound influence. Rapper?s Deluxe is a critical contribution to America?s cultural canon, shining a light on hip hop?s ability to redefine and influence culture, through: photographs; fine art; advertisements; book, magazine, and album covers; film stills; and more. Organized chronologically from the 1970s to the present, image-rich and dynamic layouts show the people, places, events, objects, outfits, and inspirations that redefined the world as we know it ? from fur-coated fans lining up for a Muhammad Ali fight at Madison Square Garden to a legendary party in the ?Boogie Down? Bronx, through the hoods of South Los Angeles and the trap houses of Atlanta to the extravagant red carpet looks of the Met Gala. Drawing on a broad range of curated examples, Dr. Todd Boyd re-examines hip hop?s legacy and how the genre remixes ?high? and ?low? culture, past and present, to come up with a style that is uniquely its own. Filled with original insights and clever wordplay, Rapper?s Deluxe is a tale of transformation, following hip hop?s arduous, but always triumphant, journey as it rose up to dominate the game. |A visual and cultural history of hip hop, charting its meteoric rise from underground trailblazer to global tastemaker| Dr. Todd Boyd is Price Chair for the Study of Race and Popular Culture and Professor of Cinema and Media Studies at USC. A media commentator, author, producer, and consultant, Dr. Boyd has appeared in documentaries such as The Last Dance (ESPN, 2020) and the Ken Burns-directed Muhammed Ali (PBS, 2021). His body of work includes seven books and his essays have appeared in the New York Times, Los Angeles Times, and the Guardian

Israel has become a major exporter not merely of arms but of military & counterinsurgency expertise to the Third World. Further, Israel has trained military & security services in some Third World countries, modeled on its own experience in the occupied territories of the Near East. Israeli efforts in Guatemala & Sri Lanka illustrate the impact of these policies. The Israeli strategy is one of working within basic dependence on the US toward greater autonomy, partly through alliances with right-wing nations such as South Africa & Taiwan. Israel has made Judaism no longer a bridge between Islam & Christianity, but an ally of Christianity. At the same time, the concerns of the Jewish prophets remain alive in the ideas of liberation theology in the Third World. W. H. Stoddard

This dialogic roundtable discussion elaborates the possibilities opened up by the use of social reproduction theory in intersection with world-literary, materialist feminist, queer Marxist and world-systems approaches to literature and culture. In particular, contributors consider how the analysis of social reproduction might illuminate the politics of everyday life, the representational challenges accompanying the banality or ubiquity of women's work, the potential gaps of social reproduction feminism, and the aesthetic challenges accompanying or following from an interest in social reproduction. Topics covered include digital media as foundational operating mode of Hindu nationalism, the sexuality- and race-based exclusions of employment in higher education, Philippine literature as 'reproductive fiction', the Latin American novel vis-à-vis its registration of domestic service, the short story as bellwether for global issues surrounding women's labour, and questions of complicity in the kinds of labour some women and sexual minorities enact for larger authoritarian, patriarchal projects. If women do much of the work of producing the everyday then we must also ask how women might re-make the everyday along more radical, and radically egalitarian lines.

Introduction. Beyond incommensurability : toward an otherwise stance on Black and indigenous relationality / Tiffany Lethabo King, Jenell Navarro, Andrea Smith -- Stayed / Freedom / Hallelujah / Ashon Crawley -- Reading the dead : a method of (the critique of) global capital / Denise Ferreira Da Silva -- Staying ready for Black study / Frank B. Wilderson III and Tiffany Lethabo King -- New world grammars : the 'unthought' Black discourses of conquest / Tiffany Lethabo King -- The vel of slavery : tracking the figure of the unsovereign / Jared Sexton -- Sovereignty as deferred genocide / Andrea Smith -- Murder and metaphysics in Leslie Marmon Silko's "Tony's story" and Audre Lorde's "Power" / Chad Benito Infante -- Black malpractice (or, the fugitive sacred) / J. Kameron Carter -- Possessions of whiteness : settler colonialism and anti-Blackness in the Pacific / Maile Arvin -- "What's past Is prologue" : Black native refusal and the colonial archive / Sandra Harvey -- Indian country's apartheid / Cedric Sunray -- Maskoke peoples and our pervasive anti-Black racism / Marcus Briggs-Cloud -- "Mississippian Black metal girl on a Friday night" with artist's statement / Hotvlkuce Harjo -- The countdown remix : why two native feminists ride with Queen Bey / Jenell Navarro and Kimberly Robertson -- "Slay" serigraph with artist's statement / Kimberly Robertson -- Mass incarceration since 1492 / Jenell Navarro and Kimberly Robertson -- "Liberation," cover of queer indigenous girl, Volume 4 and "Roots," cover of Black indigenous boy, Volume 2 / Se'mana Thompson -- Visual cultures of indigenous futurism / Lindsay Nixon -- Diaspora, transnationalism and the decolonial project / Rinaldo Walcott -- Building Maroon intellectual communities / Chris Finley.

The article analyzes distance learning and educational processes, such as education, pedagogical technologies, methods and upbringing in the context of globalization trends in the postmodern world. The new technologies, which have prompted and eventually led to globalization processes, indicate the need to master these new technologies since teaching today requires one to apply one's professional results efficiently. The trend of education is globalization, which seems inevitable under a dramatically changing educational reality. Global education is defined as one of the areas in the development of current pedagogical theory and practice. It aims to prepare learners for professional activities in a changing and increasingly interdependent world. Indeed, globalization lies in implementing and using internet technologies in education. Recognizing the multiplicity of meanings and views, the postmodern society is entering a state of crisis. It is because the Covid-19 pandemic and, consequently, new living conditions associated with it, require a new worldview. In this regard, education reforms are becoming a priority, given that the 21st century is the age of information and nanotechnologies. Information technology is a prerequisite for teacher training today. At the same time, informatization of education is impossible without creating, using and developing informational and educational environments, which in turn should enable the realization of an intellectually developed individual embodying the necessary professional qualities.

"This book informs the public for the first time about the impact of American psychiatry on soldiers during World War II. Breaking Point is the first in-depth history of American psychiatry in World War II. Drawn from unpublished primary documents, oral histories, and the author's personal interviews and correspondence over years with key psychiatric and military policymakers, it begins with Franklin Roosevelt's endorsement of a universal Selective Service psychiatric examination followed by Army and Navy pre- and post-induction examinations. Ultimately, 2.5 million men and women were rejected or discharged from military service on neuropsychiatric grounds. Never before or since has the United States engaged in such a program. In designing Selective Service Medical Circular No. 1, psychiatrist Harry Stack Sullivan assumed psychiatrists could predict who might break down or falter in military service or even in civilian life thereafter. While many American and European psychiatrists questioned this belief, and huge numbers of American psychiatric casualties soon raised questions about screening's validity, psychiatric and military leaders persisted in 1942 and 1943 in endorsing ever tougher screening and little else. Soon, families complained of fathers and teens being drafted instead of being identified as psychiatric 4Fs, and Blacks and Native Americans, among others, complained of bias. A frustrated General George S. Patton famously slapped two "malingering" neuropsychiatric patients in Sicily (a sentiment shared by Marshall and Eisenhower, though they favored a tamer style). Yet psychiatric rejections, evacuations, and discharges mounted. While psychiatrist Roy Grinker and a few others treated soldiers close to the front in Tunisia in early 1943, this was the exception. But as demand for manpower soared and psychiatrists finally went to the field and saw that combat itself, not "predisposition," precipitated breakdown, leading military psychiatrists switched their emphasis from screening to prevention and treatment. But this switch was too little too late and slowed by a year-long series of Inspector General investigations even while numbers of psychiatric casualties soared. Ironically, despite and even partly because of psychiatrists' wartime performance, plus the emotional toll of war, postwar America soon witnessed a dramatic growth in numbers, popularity, and influence of the profession, culminating in the National Mental Health Act (1946). But veterans with "PTSD," not recognized until 1980, were largely neglected"--

"When one thinks of inscriptions produced under the Roman Empire, public inscribed monuments are likely to come to mind. Hundreds of thousands of such inscriptions are known from across the breadth of the Roman Empire, preserved because they were created of durable material or were reused in subsequent building. This volume looks at another aspect of epigraphic creation -- from handwritten messages scratched on wall-plaster to domestic sculptures labeled with texts to displays of official patronage posted in homes: a range of inscriptions appear within the private sphere in the Greco-Roman world. Rarely scrutinized as a discrete epigraphic phenomenon, the incised texts studied in this volume reveal that writing in private spaces was very much a part of the epigraphic culture of the Roman Empire. Contributors are: J.A. Baird, Francisco Beltrán Lloris, Rebecca Benefiel, Angela Cinalli, Mireille Corbier, Peter Keegan, Elisabeth Rathmayr, Karen Stern, Claire Taylor, Antonio Varone, Andrew Wallace-Hadrill, and Mantha Zarmakoupi"--

The Small Arms Survey 2015 examines the role of weapons and armed violence in humanity's appropriation of the earth's wildlife and mineral riches - in Africa, where the poaching of elephants and rhinos is becoming increasingly militarised, and near resource extraction sites around the world. In addition to presenting updates on the UN small arms process and the top arms importers and exporters, the volume assesses how recent technological developments affect weapons marking, record-keeping, and tracing; reviews small arms flows to Egypt, Libya, and Syria; and evaluates a stockpile management initiative in south-east Europe. The 'armed actors' section sheds light on the arms and ammunition used by insurgents in northern Mali, the decline of the Forces Démocratiques de Libération du Rwanda, and the use of floating armouries by private security companies in the Indian Ocean. This edition also analyses conditions that are driving young people to adopt high-risk coping strategies in Burundi

During the past few years it has become fashionable to speak of the "British Atlantic" and examine the Anglophone communities that came to populate it shores. This collection of essays undertakes something quite different. It examines the wide-ranging European interaction inherent in British expansion and discovers a multi-dimensional, multi-national Atlantic as a result. Spain, Sweden, and above all the Netherlands emerge as central to English and Scottish endeavors overseas and to the extremely diverse populations and cultures that eventually came to be known as British North America. This approach has led to a much richer and compelling picture of the early modern Atlantic world. The essays show the period to be one of collaboration as well as competition and conflict. They reveal far-reaching cultural, economic, and social interpenetration. Today's nationalist and ethnic preoccupations will find little comfort from them. The world they described is far too complex to fit the easy if stylish pattern of Edward Said's "orientalizing." The result has been a book at once highly significant and immediately topical. Contributors include: Wim Klooster, Allan I. Macinnes, Peter C. Mancall, Esther Mijers, Mark Peterson, Ernst Pijning, Steve Pincus, Kevin Sharpe, Reiner Smolinski, Jane Stevenson, Chris Storrs, Shona Vance, Helen Wilcox, and Arthur Williamson