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Polling data indicate that in the USA, Republicans, compared to Democrats, have been less inclined to take preventive measures against coronavirus. In three studies (Ns = 380, 430, and 393), we sought to find evidence for partisan motivations and to illuminate how they translate into attitudes, behavioral intentions and actual behaviors. Results revealed a consensus that the Democratic party wants people take coronavirus seriously. Thus, while Democrats thought it was aligned with their political interests, Republicans thought it was in their opponents' interests. Further analyses suggest that perceived party interests mediated the effect of party allegiance on attitudes about the seriousness of coronavirus, and both attitudes and intentions to preventive behaviors (Studies 1 and 2) and specifically attitudes and intentions to wear masks (Study 3). This relationship also held for mask-wearing behavior. Results suggest that people's responses to coronavirus may reflect a conformity to the perceived wishes and interests of their political party.

Counter-terrorism efforts against jihadist groups have been challenging for law enforcement and the military because terrorist organizations constantly update their tactics and mimic the successful strategies of popular and influential groups, such as ISIS, that have developed a specific model for carrying out their destructive acts. ISIS created its terrorism model in 2014 and has used it to control territory, spread its ideology, create provincial branches in different regions, inspire lone actors, and generate revenue. Terrorism databases are full of incidents that involve ISISstyle tactics, targets, and affiliated groups that act as provincial branches of ISIS. This paper examines how ISIS developed its model, what components that model involves, and how the model has influenced not only jihadist groups but also right-wing extremists and drug cartels around the world. The study uses a mixed method of quantative and qualitative research, and the proposed ISIS Model is developed through a rigorous literature review.

Significant research has demonstrated that deliberative participation has a number of benefits for participants, leaving them more informed, efficacious, and engaged. Unfortunately, this model of the good citizen may be at odds with both what citizens want out of engagement and what might be most beneficial for self-empowerment. Activism, rather than deliberation, might be a more effective means of influencing public decisions, but traits associated with activism are often considered antithetical to deliberative participation. This paper utilizes a case study to ask what participants want out of engagement and whether their conception of the good citizen aligns with theoretical deliberative norms. Findings suggest that participants in a hybrid model of engagement that blends deliberative discussion with interest group politics want opportunities for public input that center interest formation and recognition, equity, and empowerment. These results suggest a need to better integrate the voices of citizens in normative deliberative theory and research.

The relocation of the central government and the state capital to Nusantara Capital City is accompanied by infrastructure development in East Kalimantan, known as the world's lungs because of its vast forest reserves, which have been designed as a national strategic priority project. This study examined and answered problems related to the identification of the use of forest areas for infrastructure development in Nusantara Capital and its forest realizing mechanism and the investment facility provided by the Indonesian government to boost the investment climate in Nusantara Capital. The research method used is a normative juridical approach. The main findings are the release mechanism for the convertible production forest carried out by Nusantara Capital City Authority for infrastructure development in Nusantara Capital City and the investment facility for its infrastructure development, including but not limited to granting fiscal and non-fiscal incentives.Keywords: forest area release; convertible production forest; state capital; infrastructure development; investment.

While the rural settlements of Wales and the Marches have often been used as a backdrop to the study of the military, this book seeks to move beyond a simplistic Roman/native dichotomy to present a more nuanced understanding of the nature and development of rural settlement during the Roman period. It takes advantage of the recent rise of big data approaches to analyse the distribution of settlements and material culture and to explore the regional diversity, economic basis, and social practice of rural settlements. A methodology for the analysis of regional ceramic assemblages is also presented and offers both a new perspective on the distribution of ceramics in the region and a reappraisal of rural engagement in networks of trade and production. The evidence presented demonstrates that, far from being a homogenous region peripheral to Roman Britain, Wales and the Marches were far more diverse and dynamic than previous work has suggested

The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of premium motor spirit (PMS) subsidy reform and the deviant price increase on macroeconomic and household responses in Nigeria. The study employed a computable general equilibrium framework, using the Nigerian input-output table, 2011 as base of analysis. Results showed that subsidy reallocation policy favoured all households. The incidence of 14% PMS mark-up price contributed to the maximum income earnings and expenditure of urban agricultural households by 2.89% each than other households. Consequently, mark-up price contributed more (₦22.35 billion) to social welfare loss in response to total subsidy withdrawal reallocation policy, than on phased-out subsidy reallocation policy (₦20.46 billion). Also, mark-up price favoured most macroeconomic aggregates excluding export and government spending. Thus, fuel subsidy reallocation could effectively curtail price shocks at any rate of subsidy withdrawal, provided the fuel market system is devoid of its pump price excesses.

The paper makes a comparative study on Public Schools and Government Schools in the contemporary social and cultural scenario with the importance of the parental care and how they are maintained by private owners and government officials respectively. The paper also discusses the role and responsibility of the important individuals – the father, the mother and the teacher – towards the spiritual and moral development of their children. Public schools, which are called 'Private schools' in our country, are symbols of modern feudalism. Public schools can also be described as & lsquo; private factories'. Teachers in private schools and colleges are under compulsion to show results to managements. Teachers campaign for admissions. When a teacher fails to secure admission, his job or his salary is under threat. There are popular Public (Private) schools but unfortunately there is no such popular government school. Under these circumstances, the question arises is how to create a good government teacher.

Objective: This article attempts to study and model the decision-making process under risk conditions caused by social and political shifts. The main purpose of the article is to identify the major patterns that determine the features of risk assessment in business as the main element contributing to the achievement of economic security of the organization, as well as to conduct a comparative analysis of methods for assessing and managing investment risks. Methods: Methods of cognition, retrospective and documentary analysis, as well as synthesis, generalization, and systematization were used as methods in the performance of the work. In contemporary economic analysis, various methods of decision-making in risky situations are used. Conclusion: The most effective ways to reduce risk in the context of instability of the economic and political situation in Russia are the scenarios based method and the hierarchy analysis method. Besides, the features of decision-making in Internet marketing are considered in the present article.

This research explored the effects of sense of community and authenticity on meaning in life in social communities in France. The sample included one hundred participants from four social communities (i.e., political, religious, virtual learning, and mutual aid). The Meaning in Life Questionnaire, the Sense of Community Scale, and the Authenticity Scale were administered to the respondents. The correlational analyses indicated that sense of community and authenticity were more related to the presence of meaning (r = 0.29 and r = 0.54, respectively) than to the search for meaning (r = −0.39 and r = 0.03, respectively). In addition, no interaction effects were found between sense of community and the three dimensions of authenticity, suggesting that the level of authenticity did not influence the relationships between sense of community and presence of or search for meaning. The practical and research implications of the study for social communities in the field of existential psychology were discussed.

Currently, the transition to a circular economy is becoming a development trend of many countries around the world to cope with climate change and reduce carbon emissions. Vietnam is also one of the countries in the process of taking steps to transition to a circular economy. However, to make a successful transition to a circular economy, citizen participation is essential. Thus, the question is, are people ready to participate in the circular economy? Therefore, this study surveyed 431 people regarding their willingness to participate in the circular economy based on the theory of planned behavior and the structural equation model. The results of empirical research have shown that the factors attention to the environment, and attitude towards intention are the factors that have a strong impact on willingness to participate in the circular economy. Based on the given influencing factors, the authors make some policy suggestions for the Vietnamese government in the transition to a circular economy.

This paper investigates the effect of immigrant diversity on a country's position in global value chains (GVCs) and how this effect depends on the institutional quality of destination countries. We investigate this issue using data on 19 manufacturing sectors of 18 OECD countries over the 2000–2014 period. Fixed effects estimation results show that the impact of immigrant diversity on the GVC position is significantly influenced by the institutional quality of destination countries. Specifically, in countries with high (low) institutional quality, immigrant diversity is positively (negatively) associated with the GVC position. Moreover, the interaction effect of immigrant diversity and institutional quality on the GVC position is heterogeneous across immigrant groups and institutional dimensions. This study not only enriches the literature on the relationship between immigrant diversity and GVC position but also discusses new ideas that can promote GVC positions of real economics, which is essential for sustainable economic development.

Biocides, in the form of sanitisers and disinfectants, are used extensively to reduce the risk of microbial contamination to beverage products and to ensure the safety of potable water used in processing. To better understand consumers' perceptions of biocide use and to explore messaging strategies regarding their importance to ensure product safety, eight focus groups were conducted in New Zealand (n = 4) and China (n = 4). Consumers generally did not understand why or how biocides were used. In both countries, their most trustworthy source of information on biocide use was government sources. New Zealand and Chinese participants did not like the word "biocide" mentioned on labels due to its perceived negative connotations. Interestingly, acceptance for the word was higher if the phrase "environmentally friendly" was simultaneously communicated. The findings from this study have provided the beverage industry with guidance on how best to initiate conversations with consumers on the use of biocides.

Manipulation is an important technique of Chinese martial arts, and it is the primary content of martial arts in people's talking about boxing techniques. In Chinese martial arts, the main martial arts methods like " hit, throw, take, stab" , except for "kick", require corresponding manipulation to achieve. Tips to learn the secrets of the practical manipulation application from "the Twenty Tactic Songs" in the book Preparation for Martial Arts Methods are up to ten types. As a concept, manipulation has a very rich and complicated information thinking way in literature, painting, dance, the military, and other fields, which opens a broad space for the theoretical study of manipulation. The research takes manipulation in Chinese martial arts as the breakthrough point and its information thinking as the main research object, and interprets the information thinking of manipulation in martial arts theoretically through the methods of literature materials, expert interviews, information philosophy theory, and logical analysis, etc.

Although the marathon race has been democratized, it remains complex due to the famous "hitting the wall" phenomenon after the 25th km. To characterize this "wall" from a physiological and Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) perspective in recreational marathon runners, we report first continuous breath-by-breath gas exchange measurements during an actual marathon race. In order to test the hypothesis that RPE could be a candidate for controlling the marathon pace, this study examined the relationship between RPE and the physiological variables time course throughout a marathon. Only the respiratory frequency and heart rate increased progressively during the race in all the runners, while the oxygen uptake and ventilatory rate followed different kinetics according the individuals. However, the indexation of the physiological parameters and speed by RPE showed the same decreased tendency for all the runners. In conclusion, these results suggest that running a marathon must be self-paced with the RPE.

Many armies around the world showed an increasing interest for the technology of renewable energy sources for military applications. However, to profit fully from solar or wind energy, an energy storage system is needed. In this article, we present an energy storage system based on acid-lead batteries as a component of a modular generation-storage as a model of military "smart camp". We proposed a technical approach to study four different types of batteries: DEEP CYCLE, AGM, WET and VRLA in laboratory and real conditions typical for military equipment. It was observed that the best performance was observed for AGM battery in terms of the highest cold cracking amperage equal to 1205 A combined with the most compact construction and resistance to varying thermal conditions from −25 °C, 25 °C and 50 °C. Additionally, a 12-month long-term testing in real conditions revealed that AGM and VRLA showed decrease in capacity value maintaining only approx. 80% of initial value.