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Twitter and other social media platforms are believed to have altered the course of numerous historical events, from the Arab Spring to the US presidential election. Online social networks have become a ubiquitous medium for discussing moral and political ideas. Nevertheless, the field of moral psychology has yet to investigate why some moral and political ideas spread more widely than others. Using a large sample of social media communications concerning polarizing issues in public policy debates (gun control, same-sex marriage, climate change), we found that the presence of moral-emotional language in political messages substantially increases their diffusion within (and less so between) ideological group boundaries. These findings offer insights into how moral ideas spread within networks during real political discussion.

Intro -- SOCIAL NETWORKING AND THE LIBRARIES IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM -- LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY -- TITLE INDEX -- AUTHOR'S INDEX -- LIST OF PERIODICALS COVERED -- INDEX.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computational Data and Social Networks, CSoNet 2022, held as a Virtual Event, during December 57, 2022. The 17 full papers and 7 short papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 47 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: Machine Learning and Prediction, Security and Blockchain, Fact-checking, Fake News, and Hate Speech, Network Analysis, Optimization.

Research has prominently assumed that social media and web portals that aggregate news restrict the diversity of content that users are exposed to by tailoring news diets toward the users' preferences. In our empirical test of this argument, we apply a random-effects within-between model to two large representative datasets of individual web browsing histories. This approach allows us to better encapsulate the effects of social media and other intermediaries on news exposure. We find strong evidence that intermediaries foster more varied online news diets. The results call into question fears about the vanishing potential for incidental news exposure in digital media environments.

The use of social media by parliamentarians is opening up a new communication arena. In Catalonia, where 85 percent of parliamentarians have a Twitter account, two questions emerge from this new social phenomenon. First, who are the opinion leaders of the parliamentarians' online political networks, and second, do the characteristics of the Members of Parliament' (MPs') Twitter networks and the attributes of the parliamentarians influence the likelihood of forming communication ties? This article seeks to ascertain whether social media are challenging party politics and leadership in communication flows in Parliament. We used a social network analysis of relationships among the Catalan parliamentarians with Twitter accounts (115 of the 135 members) to reveal the potential influencers of the following-follower network. Exponential Random Graph models were employed to determine the endogenous (network) and exogenous (node attributes) factors facilitating MPs' communication ties. We found evidence that Catalan MPs' communication ties arise from network dynamics (reciprocity and popularity) and from MPs' political position. We also discovered that new potential influencers, who are not official party leaders and do not play important roles in Parliament, are emerging as brokers within the Catalan parliamentary Twitter network.

The article analyzes the features of the current stage of development of volunteerism in the Russian Federation. As the information base of the research data from online communities of the social network vkontakte are used. The total number of analyzed groups is 2894, the number of participants is 1446008 people. To extract data about online communities and participants, a script was written in the programming language Python3, which allowed to gather relevant information using the vkontakte API.Based on the analysis, the author's typology of volunteer communities is proposed in the article, including franchise groups, online service communities and direct action groups. The author analyzes the distribution of communities on the subject of their activities. The dominant positions in terms of the number of participants and the number of groups are occupied by communities based on the search for missing people. The least represented in the space of the social network vkontakte community of volunteers — animal advocates.Based on the socio-demographic analysis of community members, the author draws conclusions about the features of their distribution in terms of age and sex. In particular, young people between the ages of 14 and 30 take the dominant position among group members. This is largely due to the underdevelopment of the mechanisms for including middle-aged and older people in volunteer activities. As for the gender of the participants, the main contingent of the communities are women, while their relationship with men changes with age.The article presents an analysis of the participants' value orientations. Conclusions are drawn about the domination of individual values and interests, which are based on the desire for self-development and personal growth. On the basis of this, a conclusion is drawn on the need to develop new social technologies for involving Russian citizens in the volunteer activity.The article explores some dysfunctions in the development of volunteerism in the Russian Federation: the lack of mechanisms for involving middle-aged and older citizens, the imitative nature of many volunteer projects. Based on this, conclusions are drawn about the need to adjust the social, educational, youth policy in the field of volunteer development in Russia.

Soziale Netzwerke sind aus der Mediennutzung von Millionen Menschen nicht mehr wegzudenken. Dieser noch recht junge Kommunikationskanal birgt insbesondere für die wirtschaftlich angeschlagenen Printmedien vielversprechende Chancen. Paul Henkel analysiert am Beispiel von Facebook, wie regionale Tageszeitungen soziale Netzwerke für ihren Erfolg nutzen können. Mithilfe von Nutzerbefragung, ausführlichen Inhaltsanalysen und Experteninterviews schafft er ein differenziertes Gesamtbild zu Chancen und Grenzen der redaktionellen Facebook-Nutzung - ergänzt um praktische Handlungsempfehlungen für eine erfolgsversprechende redaktionelle Facebook-Praxis.

BACKGROUND: In the post-pandemic era, traditional methods of professional development for ultrasound practitioners are insufficient, and it is therefore imperative to explore a new avenue for continuing education. This article explores the role of the real-time video-based social networks for medicine combined with e-enterprise to train ultrasound practitioners. METHODS: We created a live broadcasting room on the real-time video-based social networks for medicine and imparted online education on ultrasound usage with "YiQixiu" as the transmission carrier. We developed a satisfaction questionnaire for the online class in real time, and tested the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Descriptive statistical analysis was used (P ≤ 0.05 indicates significance). RESULTS: The landing page on YiQixiu was mainly concentrated in the Hunan Province, accounting for 56% of visitors. The total number of people watching online real-time lectures was 32,344; the maximum number of fixed attendance was 17,000, and the minimum number was 3,000. The questionnaire met the needs of this study, with a reliability value of 0.93. The participants were from 18 provinces, 4 autonomous regions, and 4 municipalities directly under the central government. CONCLUSION: The real-time video-based social networks for medicine combined with the YiQixiu live platform is a good method for imparting ultrasound medical education online.

Abstract.The Internet, operating as a technologically embedded laboratory of human activity, provides social scientists with a new set of analytical tools by which to test and replicate models of social and political behaviour, with data extrapolated from the regularities of online activity, organization and information exchange. This research note demonstrates that virtual policy networks, arrangements of public interaction between mutually supporting actors that form around policy activities, exist on the Web. In addition, the note considers whether or not Canadian virtual policy networks are mimicking their respective national policy communities through the application of a methodological approach referred to as link structure analysis. Four sectorally based networks, including Aboriginal policy, agriculture, banking and women-centred policy, are analyzed to assess the extent of virtual policy networks' replication of real world policy dynamics.Résumé.L'Internet, agissant comme laboratoire technologique de l'activité humaine, fournit aux chercheurs un nouvel ensemble d'outils analytiques par lesquels ils peuvent tester et recréer des modèles de comportements sociaux et politiques, à l'aide de données extrapolées à partir d'activités, d'organisations et d'échanges d'information en ligne. Cet essai montre qu'il existe sur Internet des réseaux virtuels d'action politique, à savoir des arrangements d'interaction publique entre différents acteurs sociaux se regroupant autour de certaines idées politiques. En outre, il essaie de déterminer si les réseaux virtuels canadiens imitent leurs communautés politiques nationales respectives, en utilisant une approche méthodologique désignée sous le nom d'analyse de la structure des liens. Quatre réseaux appartenant à des secteurs distincts, soit la politique autochtone, l'agriculture, les opérations bancaires et la condition féminine, sont analysés pour évaluer l'ampleur de la reproduction des dynamiques politiques et sociales du monde réel par les réseaux d'action politique virtuels.

Online media platforms have the characteristics of a particular type of market known as 'multi-sided'. These businesses create value by bringing advertisers and users together. Access to user data is critical to this process. On the basis of economic literature, the features of multi-sided platforms will be discussed. It will be argued that the characteristics of multi-sided platforms increase the likelihood that successful companies become dominant due to the existence of indirect network effects. In these circumstances, dominant platforms may foreclose competition by raising barriers to entry in the large collections of user data. This may give rise to access problems for competitors and new entrants that need access to data gathered by dominant platforms in order to provide competing or complementary services. A comparative legal analysis will be used to assess the standards that apply in the United States (US) and the European Union (EU) for finding liability for refusals to deal under antitrust or competition law. The private antitrust cases that have already occurred regarding access to user data in the US show that the scope of applicability of the essential facilities doctrine is very limited after the judgment of the Supreme Court in Trinko. Although the European Commission and the Court of Justice seem to be willing to accept liability for a refusal to deal more easily than their US counterparts, high legal hurdles still have to be met under the essential facilities doctrine in the EU. Nevertheless, there are scenarios in which liability for refusals to give access to data will likely be accepted in the EU.

Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Abstract -- Zusammenfassung -- My Contribution -- Publications of the Author -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Part I Outline -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Motivation -- 1.2 Aims and Objectives -- 1.3 Structure of the Work -- 2 Related Work -- 2.1 Foundations and Terms of Crisis Management -- 2.2 Research Domain and Technologies of Crisis Informatics -- 2.3 Adoption of Social Media Analytics in Crisis Informatics -- 2.4 Towards Information Refinement in Crisis Informatics -- 2.5 Research Gaps and Potentials -- 3 Research Design -- 3.1 Research Field and Foundations -- 3.2 Research Approach -- 3.3 Research Context -- 3.4 Methods -- 3.4.1 Theoretical Review -- 3.4.2 Empirical Pre-Study -- 3.4.3 Design of Artefacts -- 3.4.4 Evaluation -- Part II Theoretical and Empirical Findings -- 4 Retrospective Review and Future Directions for Crisis Informatics -- 4.1 Introduction and Brief History -- 4.2 Published Cases of Social Media in Emergencies -- 4.3 Usage Patterns-Types of Interaction in Social Media -- 4.3.1 Citizens to Citizens (C2C)-Self-Coordination and Help -- 4.3.2 Authorities to Citizens (A2C)-Crisis Communication and Public Alerting -- 4.3.3 Citizens to Authorities (C2A)-Integration of Citizen-Generated Content -- 4.3.4 Authorities to Authorities (A2A)-Inter- and Intra-Organizational Crisis Management -- 4.4 Role Patterns-Types of Users in Social Media -- 4.4.1 Citizens -- or Public Perspective -- 4.4.2 Authorities -- or Organizational Perspective -- 4.4.3 Towards a Classification of Roles Related to Social Media Use -- 4.5 Perception Patterns-Views on Social Media -- 4.5.1 Authorities' Perception of Social Media -- 4.5.2 Citizens' Perception on Social Media -- 4.5.3 Towards Comprehensive Perception Patterns -- 4.6 The Past and the Future: Discussion and Conclusion.