Suchergebnisse

An overwhelming majority of Californians say the threat of wildfires is a problem in their part of the state. Around one in three residents have a great deal of confidence in government readiness to respond to wildfires.

Federal policy has embraced risa management as an appropriate paradigm for wildfire management. Economic theory suggests that over repeated wildfire events, potential economic costs and risas of ecological damage are optimally balanced when management decisions are free from biases, risa aversion, and risa seeking. Of primary concern in this article is how managers respond to wildfire risa, including the potential effect of wildfires (on ecological values, structures, and safety) and the likelihood of different fire outcomes. We use responses to a choice experiment questionnaire of U.S. federal wildfire managers to measure attitudes toward several components of wildfire risa and to test whether observed risa attitudes are consistent with the efficient allocation of wildfire suppression resources. Our results indicate that fire managers' decisions are consistent with nonexpected utility theories of decisions under risa. Managers may overallocate firefighting resources when the likelihood or potential magnitude of damage from fires is low, and sensitivity to changes in the probability of fire outcomes depends on whether probabilities are close to one or zero and the magnitude of the potential harm.

WILDFIRE SUPPRESSION FEDERAL FUNDING AND SPENDING -- WILDFIRE SUPPRESSION FEDERAL FUNDING AND SPENDING -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 WILDFIRE SPENDING: BACKGROUND, ISSUES, AND LEGISLATION IN THE 114TH CONGRESS* -- SUMMARY -- WILDFIRE BACKGROUND -- Wildfire Statistics -- Wildland-Urban Interface -- Federal Assistance for Nonfederal Wildfires -- Disaster Declarations -- Fire Management Assistance Grants -- Disaster Relief Fund -- WILDFIRE MANAGEMENT APPROPRIATIONS -- Suppression Appropriations -- FLAME

"As flames rushed through the wooded hills near San Diego, California, people were forced to evacuate with what little they could take in a hurry. When the wildfire drew near, Nancy began packing up her pets. Dogs, cats, and birds alike jammed into her truck. But no matter how hard she tried, she couldn't save all of her beloved animals alone. Follow along as several heroes stepped in to help Nancy's furry and feathered family make it to safety in this graphic adventure of animal escapes. Then, learn about more rescuers who saved animals from wildfires"--

Cover -- About Island Press -- Subscribe -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Introduction -- Chapter 1: The Beast Awakens -- Chapter 2: Inside the Mind of a Wildfire -- Chapter 3: A History of Fire Suppression -- Chapter 4: Visions of the Pyrocene -- Chapter 5: Water on Fire -- Chapter 6: The Big Smoke -- Chapter 7: Drought, Disease, Insects, and Wildfire -- Chapter 8: Fire on Ice -- Chapter 9: Agent of Change -- Chapter 10: Resilience and Recovery -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Notes -- IP Board of Directors

SB07-17/18: Wildfires in Montana. This resolution was referred to the Student Political Action Committee unanimously on a unanimous vote call during the September 20, 2017 meeting of the Associated Students of the University of Montana.

Purpose
Emergency evacuation plans are often developed under the assumption that evacuees will use wayfinding strategies such as taking the shortest distance route to their nearest exit. The purpose of this paper is to analyze empirical data from a wildfire evacuation analyzed to determine whether evacuees took a shortest distance route to their nearest exit and to identify any alternate wayfinding strategies that they may have used.


Design/methodology/approach
The wildfire evacuation analysis presented in this paper is the outcome of a natural experiment. A post-fire online survey was conducted, which included an interactive map interface that allowed evacuees to identify the route that they took. The survey results were integrated with several additional data sets using a GIS. Network analysis was used to compare the routes selected by evacuees to their shortest distance routes, and statistical hypothesis testing was employed to identify the wayfinding strategies that may have been used.


Findings
The network analysis revealed that 31 percent of evacuees took a shortest distance route to their nearest exit. Hypothesis testing showed that evacuees selected routes that had significantly longer distances and travel times than the shortest distance routes, and indicated that factors such as the downhill slope percentage of routes and the elevation of exits may have impacted the wayfinding process.


Research limitations/implications
This research is best regarded as a spatiotemporal snapshot of wayfinding behavior during a single wildfire evacuation, but could inspire additional research to establish more generalizable results.


Practical implications
This research may help emergency managers develop more effective wildfire evacuation plans.


Originality/value
This research presents an analysis of an original data set that contributes to the broader body of scientific knowledge on wayfinding and spatial behavior during emergency evacuations.

We describe recent advances in biophysical and social aspects of risk and their potential combined contribution to improve mitigation planning on fire‐prone landscapes. The methods and tools provide an improved method for defining the spatial extent of wildfire risk to communities compared to current planning processes. They also propose an expanded role for social science to improve understanding of community‐wide risk perceptions and to predict property owners' capacities and willingness to mitigate risk by treating hazardous fuels and reducing the susceptibility of dwellings. In particular, we identify spatial scale mismatches in wildfire mitigation planning and their potential adverse impact on risk mitigation goals. Studies in other fire‐prone regions suggest that these scale mismatches are widespread and contribute to continued wildfire dwelling losses. We discuss how risk perceptions and behavior contribute to scale mismatches and how they can be minimized through integrated analyses of landscape wildfire transmission and social factors that describe the potential for collaboration among landowners and land management agencies. These concepts are then used to outline an integrated socioecological planning framework to identify optimal strategies for local community risk mitigation and improve landscape‐scale prioritization of fuel management investments by government entities.

"This book brings together perspectives from sociology, political science, gender studies, and history to produce new ways of analysing wildfire preparedness and policy in Australia. Drawing on data from hundreds of interviews with residents, volunteers and emergency services professionals living and working in wildfire-prone areas, the authors focus on issues of power and inequality, the contested nature of community and the relationship between citizens and the state. The book questions not only existing policy approaches, but also the central concepts on which they are founded. In doing so, the aim is to create a more conceptually robust and academically contextualised discussion about the limitations of current wildfire policy approaches in Australia and to provide further evidence of the need for disaster studies to engage with a variety of social science approaches. Wildfire and Power: Policy and Practice will be of most interest to higher degree by research students, other academics and policy makers examining the evolving patterns and politics of work, employment, management and industrial relations as well as those involved in emergency and disaster management service delivery. It would be most suited to academic and public libraries as well as organisations in the field of emergency and disaster management"--