Suchergebnisse

The national scientific potential as a source of effective cooperation of business and science is researched. The dynamics of conducting scientific activity by the subjects of the national economy testifies to a certain fate of the national scientific tradition. There are tendencies in the reduction of scientific and technical knowledge and the increase in the number of scientific personnel, mostly in the public sector of the economy. The problem of domestic science is the high level of "outflow of intelligence", mainly in the fields of biology, physics and mathematics. So, there is a need to update the organizational management of scientific activity. The low position of Ukraine in the world rankings of the knowledge economy testifies to system gaps in cooperation between science and business. At the same time, the existing potential opens the prospect of integration with the European Research Area, provided that it approaches the EU policy in the relevant area.Key words: knowledge economy, fundamental and applied science, scientific personnel, scientific activity, intelligence, research space.кандидат экономических наук, Свидрук І. І., кандидат економічних наук, Миронова М. І. Оцінка наукового потенціалу вітчизняної економічної системи / Львівський торговельно-економічний університет, Україна, Львів; середня загальноосвітня школа № 90, Україна, ЛьвівДосліджено вітчизняний науковий потенціал як джерело ефективної співпраці бізнесу і науки. Динаміка провадження наукової діяльності суб'єктами вітчизняної економіки свідчить про певну усталеність національної наукової традиції. Спостерігаються тенденції скорочення науково-технічного та збільшення кількості наукового персоналу, здебільшого в державному секторі економіки. Проблемою вітчизняної науки є високий рівень «відпливу інтелекту», переважно у галузях біології, фізики та математики. Отож, існує необхідність оновлення організаційного управління науковою діяльністю. Низькі позиції України у світових рейтингах знаннєвої економіки свідчать про системні прогалини у співпраці науки і бізнесу. Водночас наявний потенціал відкриває перспективи інтеграції з Європейським дослідницьким простором за умови наближення до політики ЄС у відповідній сфері. Ключові слова: знаннєва економіка, фундаментальна і прикладна наука, наукові кадри, наукова діяльність, інтелект, дослідницький простір.

The article describes technological approaches used to create distributed information systems supporting scientific research. Architectural solutions intended to create such systems and principles for integrating these systems with external sources are considered. Functional requirements for the model of scientific information system (SIS), conditioned, firstly, by the researchers' information needs, and secondly, by the necessity to ensure a reliable and longterm storage of information, are determined. Rules for presenting and transforming metadata are examined.

Since the 1970s, oceanographers have used underwater sound to measure ocean heat by means of a scientific technique called acoustic tomography (AT). This article historicizes AT, arguing that both the technique itself and the climatic knowledge it produces propagate colonial, military and capitalist pursuits that are to blame for oceanic warming in the first place. The argument plays out in four parts. Part one situates AT in relation to the discovery of the deep sound channel and Cold War acoustics research. Parts two and three analyse two pivotal AT experiments, namely the Heard Island Feasibility Test (1991) and the Acoustic Thermometry of Ocean Climate experiment (1996–2006). Both experiments were premised on scientific understandings of the deep ocean as 'nearly transparent to low-frequency sound', as one oceanographer put it. We term this simplified image of the depths oceanus nullius, after the nineteenth-century legal doctrine terra nullius, which has long been deployed by settler colonists to justify violently expropriating land. We propose instead that the deep ocean should be conceptualized as a loud and sonically dense space – an oceanus maximus – resonating not only with the sounds of ships' propellers, air-guns and sonar pings, but also with the sonorous tones, clicks, buzzes, grunts and howls of manifold undersea creatures. The article concludes with a discussion of sound's relation to ambiguity and violence in oceanographic knowledge production.

A presentation of the research of the American Psychological Association's Project in Scientific Information Exchange in Psychology. The techniques used are embodied in analyses of two APA meetings separated by thirty years. The meetings reflect the changes obtaining in psychology as a field of endeavor.

The purpose of this article is to reveal the structure and innovative potential of the big data industry as a component of China's scientific and technical information system.
The methodology. The research was conducted using a complex of theoretical and empirical methods of scientific knowledge, which made it possible to identify the main components of China's scientific and technical information system, establish its innovative functionality through the identification of the capabilities of national and industry platforms of big data, their aggregators and users. The following scientific approaches were used as a cognitive toolkit for the realization of the set goal: systemic, structural-functional, comparative, as well as research methods: source studying, statistical, modeling, content analysis of the sites of the Documentation and Information Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
The results. Summarizing the achievements of the People's Republic of China in the implementation of the "National Strategy for the Formation of Big Data" made it possible to establish that the key aggregators of this information resource are the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China, the Center for Documentation and Information of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the National Center for Innovative Technologies of Engineering Big Data on Earth and Space, the Institute of Aerospace Information Innovations of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the National Astronomical Observatory of China, the Bureau of Geological Survey of the Ministry of Natural Resources of China, the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Agricultural Zoning of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, which form powerful industrial big data platforms. It is substantiated that the adoption of unified standards and data management protocols and their exchange, guaranteeing data security through the development of powerful technical tools for the protection of digital resources will contribute to increasing the efficiency of the interaction of big data platforms regarding their corporate use. An important organizational measure to accelerate the aggregation and integration of big data is the creation of a national industrial Internet center for big data processing, among the functions of which will be the collection of industrial data, support for their monitoring and analysis, opening of the Center's resources for small and medium-size enterprises, popularization of the possibilities of corporate application of big data in all aspects of the life cycle of production of products and services as a condition for introducing innovations and increasing business competitiveness. The most effective model of the Center's work is a multi-level structure that combines the resources of regional and industry sub-centers of industrial and scientific big data, which will ensure their integration and corporate cooperation of big data aggregators on the creation, processing and use of this powerful innovative resource.
The scientific novelty. For the first time, an idea of the structure, functionality and technologies of China's big data industry was introduced into the scientific circulation, the qualitative features and subjects of the aggregation of scientific and industrial big data were identified, their possibilities for the production of intelligent information products and services were determined, tools for the integration of regional and industry resources were proposed platforms of big data, the prospects of corporate processing and use of big data as a strategic resource for the development of the digital economy were outlined.
The practical significance. The experience of China's development of an innovative infrastructure of powerful scientific and industrial big data platforms, which are analyzed using modern cloud technologies, blockchain and artificial intelligence, and its transformation into a knowledge industry is useful for borrowing by the Ukrainian state system of scientific and technical information.

Introduction: the pluralist stance / Stephen H. Kellert, Helen E. Longino, and C. Kenneth Waters -- The many unities of science : politics, semantics, and ontology / Alan W. Richardson -- Perspectival pluralism / Ronald N. Giere -- Plurality and complementarity in quantum dynamics / Michael Dickson -- Pluralism and the foundations of mathematics / Geoffrey Hellman and John L. Bell -- Pluralisms in economics / Esther-Mirjam Sent -- Theoretical pluralism and the scientific study of behavior / Helen E. Longino -- A new/old (pluralist) resolution of the mind-body problem / C. Wade Savage -- Explanations of the evolution of sex : a plurality of local mechanisms / Carla Fehr -- A pluralist interpretation of gene-centered biology / C. Kenneth Waters -- Disciplinary pluralism for science studies / Stephen H. Kellert

Security became one concept that integrated different fields: political, economic, social, cultural, ecological, military, moral, diplomatic and humanitarian. The economic component of national security has gained great importance in current internal and international circumstances. In this context, the activities of scientific research, technological development, but also innovation have an important role leading to the qualitative and quantitative increase of the national production and technological potential as being essential elements for the provision of material and spiritual wellbeing. In order to settle the role of scientific research, technological development and innovation in the fulfillment of the scientific progress contributing to the economic and social development, and also to thestrengthening of the security system, it is necessary to define the mentioned notions. These aspects are meant to emphasize our scientific work.Keywords: security; system of national security; scientific research; technological development; innovation.