Suchergebnisse

"Objectives: Health professions such as nursing are at high risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs). This study aims to present the most common WRMSDs that occur in nursing personnel, investigate the risk factors associated with their occurrence, and identify preventive and therapeutic strategies. Material and Methods: A comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar was performed using keywords, until May 2021, while the results reported by various authors were summarized. Results: Low back discomfort (30% to 60%), neck disorders (30% to 48%), and shoulder disorders (43 to 53%) are the most common WRMSDs in nursing personnel. The major risk factors are classified as demographics and job characteristics, physical, psychosocial, and workplace organizational factors, which often co-exist and act together. WRMSDs have serious consequences such as absenteeism, reduced productivity, increased morbidity, health costs as well as lower quality of life. To reduce the incidence of WRMSDs, it is crucial to implement prevention strategies, such as ergonomic measures and training programs in high-risk nursing departments as well as immediate therapeutic approaches, where required. Organizational interventions are also required to improve the working environment in terms of assigning tasks among nursing staff, setting working hours, keeping a positive attitude, and conducting medical examinations. Conclusion: Early identification of risk factors concerning WRMSDs among nursing personnel and immediate treatment is needed to maintain their productivity as well as to provide quality nursing care, followed by evidence-based ergonomic and organizational intervention strategies for their safety and health protection. "

Abstract: National suicide prevention strategies have been identified as evidence-informed interventions that require multisectoral efforts by governments. This article reviews the rationale for national strategies, the need for a whole-of-government approach, and current progress on national strategies worldwide, including successes and challenges regarding implementation. We highlight the limitations of existing evidence and describe how future research may help to address knowledge gaps. We conclude that national strategies are an important tool for suicide prevention worldwide. However, a more robust evidence base evaluating the impact of strategies on suicide-related outcomes is needed.

The World Health Organization report Preventing Suicide: A Global Imperative provides governments with guidance for comprehensive suicide prevention strategies. However, it does not mention the role that compulsory admission to hospital of psychiatric patients should have in policies for suicide prevention. This was a missed opportunity for international discussion and guidance about a measure that, although widely used, is becoming increasingly controversial in light of the existing evidence and human rights norms.

Abstract Background Malaria in pregnancy in India, as elsewhere, is responsible for maternal anemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes such as low birth weight and preterm birth. It is not known whether prevention and treatment strategies for malaria in pregnancy (case management, insecticide-treated bednets, intermittent preventive therapy) are widely utilized in India. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted during 2006-2008 in two states of India, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh, at 7 facilities representing a range of rural and urban populations and areas of more versus less stable malaria transmission. 280 antenatal visits (40/site) were observed by study personnel coupled with exit interviews of pregnant women to assess emphasis upon, availability and utilization of malaria prevention practices by health workers and pregnant women. The facilities were assessed for the availability of antimalarials, lab supplies and bednets. Results All participating facilities were equipped to perform malaria blood smears; none used rapid diagnostic tests. Chloroquine, endorsed for chemoprophylaxis during pregnancy by the government at the time of the study, was stocked regularly at all facilities although the quantity stocked varied. Availability of alternative antimalarials for use in pregnancy was less consistent. In Jharkhand, no health worker recommended bednet use during the antenatal visit yet over 90% of pregnant women had bednets in their household. In Chhattisgarh, bednets were available at all facilities but only 14.4% of health workers recommended their use. 40% of the pregnant women interviewed had bednets in their household. Only 1.4% of all households owned an insecticide-treated bednet; yet 40% of all women reported their households had been sprayed with insecticide. Antimalarial chemoprophylaxis with chloroquine was prescribed in only 2 (0.7%) and intermittent preventive therapy prescribed in only one (0.4%) of the 280 observed visits. Conclusions A disconnect remains between routine antenatal practices in India and known strategies to prevent and treat malaria in pregnancy. Prevention strategies, in particular the use of insecticide-treated bednets, are underutilized. Gaps highlighted by this study combined with recent estimates of the prevalence of malaria during pregnancy in these areas should be used to revise governmental policy and target increased educational efforts among health care workers and pregnant women.

The World Health Organization report Preventing Suicide: A Global Imperative provides governments with guidance for comprehensive suicide prevention strategies. However, it does not mention the role that compulsory admission to hospital of psychiatric patients should have in policies for suicide prevention. This was a missed opportunity for international discussion and guidance about a measure that, although widely used, is becoming increasingly controversial in light of the existing evidence and human rights norms.

The period from the outbreak of the first Covid19 diseases in China to the epidemic in Italy and currently also the drastically increasing number of reports of infected people in Switzerland lasted only 8 weeks. As a consequence, public life was drastically reduced, schools were closed and employees were recommended or ordered to work in their home office. One basis for these preventive measures was a high degree of flexibility of each individual and alternative forms of work and also alternate forms of care in society. Nevertheless, there are institutions that are reaching their limits and are neither able to maintain physical distance nor couldn't work without their employees. These are institutions with a governmental mandate, whose clients are in a total system, the coercive context in mandated settings. In particular, these are institutions of the prison system, therapy facilities, as well as care facilities for children and young people. Here, on the one hand, the possibilities of living in a distance are drastically restricted, the employees must already be on site due to the security aspect, and the possibilities for information and communication are also classically handled restrictively. In addition, these are per se vulnerable groups because of infectious diseases such as hepatitis and HIV occur 9 times more frequently than in the overall population (Getaz 2019). In order to stop the epidemic, actually work opportunities have to be stopped for the inmates/clients, visits are forbidden and educational and leisure activities are nearly restricted. Furthermore, in particular, holidays and releases are suspended and pandemic containment plans are applied if necessary. However, it is not clear what these plans are (Amt für Justizvollzug 2020). Therapy talks and preparations for release are also restricted, which hinders the new admission of new persons due to capacity reasons. Nevertheless, the institutions of the justice system and of care in the area of children and young people have a duty of care and the statutory mandate to adapt life in a coercive context to the conditions in freedom, including the health care. (StGB Art. 75). The questions that arise are as follows:
• How can prevention measures be implemented in closed coercive contexts?
• How can health care be guaranteed with regard to Covid19 in coercive contexts? and: Which particular challenges arise from the specific clients who are described as a high risk group of persons with pre-ilnesses and psychological problems?
• How is the right to information and the right to contact clients/residents implemented during the phase of exclusion and additional preventive restrictions?
In order to answer these questions, several institutions of mandatory context, will be examined in more detail by means of qualitative interviews with employees from: prisons, youth housing and therapy facilities as well as residential and work externalities. In addition, leaders of the Concordats and the offices of correctional services will be included. The aim of the study is to find out which strategies and measures have proven to be helpful in dealing with pandemics and crisis situations, so they can be managed better in the future and the repertoire of action can be expanded by identifying problem areas from a scientific perspective across institutions and cantons in order to recommend best practice. The questions relate to three sub-areas of the call for proposals:
- Management of Covid19 Desease – (in coercive contexts)
- Infection prevention, including protection of the employees (and the clients)
- Impact of the (social) media communication

Abstract. Background: Previous research and media guidelines suggest two potential protective characteristics of news reports about suicide: (1) individuals who adopt coping strategies other than suicidal behavior are described and (2) information about resources for support is provided. Aims: Our aim was to investigate the extent to which Dutch news reports contain these two potential protective characteristics. Method: A random selection of Dutch news reports ( N = 296) published in the previous 6 months was coded on the presence of each of the two potential protective characteristics. Results: Of the 296 news reports, 50 news reports (16.9%) mentioned available resources for support. Only one news report (0.3%) described an individual who adopted coping strategies other than suicidal behavior in adverse circumstances, namely, entering a mental health care institution. Limitations: One of the limitations is that, owing to the selection of news reports, conclusions pertain only to news reports published by Dutch media sources with the most readership in that period. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that current knowledge about protective characteristics of news reports on suicide needs to be better implemented in The Netherlands.

On 20 April 1999, at Columbine High School in Colorado, two students, Eric Harris (aged 18) and Dylan Klebold (17), embarked on a massacre, killing 12 students and one teacher. The pair then committed suicide. The event provoked vigorous debate around topics such as the gun culture, bullying, violent video games, goth culture and teenage use of the internet and anti‐depressants. In nearby Boulder is the Center for the Study and Prevention of Violence, part of the University of Colorado. Del Elliott, a world‐renowned criminologist and sociologist, has been director there since 1993. Columbine was the catalyst for Del and a team of researchers, policy‐makers and practitioners to develop the Blueprints for Violence Prevention database of evidence‐based programmes. On 2 July 2009, Del gave the annual Social Research Unit, Dartington, lecture at the Commonwealth Club in London. This article is based on his talk.