Suchergebnisse

Essay in a symposium on "The United Nations and Regional Challenges in Africa -- 50 Years After Dag Hammarskjold.". Adapted from the source document.

This article provides a quick overview of the state of conflict prevention in France. It examines the origin of the debate, the role played by France in this field, and the obstacles hindering the development of an active preventive diplomacy capability in Europe. Conflict prevention is a relatively new discussion in France that is fuelled by the frustration from the failure in the Yugoslav crisis and the new focus of the government to develop a new security architecture in Europe, mainly through the European Union. Current actions, however, already reveal the difficulties that impede the development of an active capacity of preventive diplomacy in Europe. Some of these dificulties result from the idea of prevention in general, while others are more specific to the situation in France which is characterized by the absence of an official definition as well as by internal quarrels between academic, politicians and the military as to the potential and implementation of conflict prevention. However, the author argues that the critical perspective proposed by French intellectuals and scientists could, in the long run, contribute to a more accurate understanding of conflict prevention. ; Cet article fournit un résumé succint de l'état où en est la prévention de conflits en France. Il examine l'origine du débat, le rôle joué par la France dans ce secteur, et les obstacles restreignant le développement d'une diplomatie préventive efficace en Europe. La question de la résolution de conflit est un débat, relativement nouveau en France, alimenté par la frustration engendrée par l'échec dans la crise yougoslave et par l'attention renouvellée portée par le gouvernement au développement d'une architecture nouvelle de la sécurité en Europe, principalement via la Communauté Européenne. Les actions en cours, cependant, révèlent déjà les difficultés entravant le développement d'une capacité de diplomatie préventive en Europe. Certaines de ces difficultés tiennent à ce qu'est l'idée de prévention en général, tandis que d'autres ...

"The Research Handbook on Conflict Prevention is a cohesive and comparative analysis of the ways in which organised violence is combatted. Renowned experts dissect the complex problem of conflict prevention by investigating its three main aspects: agency, methods and timing. This incisive Research Handbook both reviews the current literature on conflict prevention and introduces new theoretical and empirical findings. Contributors compare the different roles played by women's groups, academics, military forces, and local and international agents such as the UN. They also explore resolution methods such as prenegotiation, negotiation, mediation and conflict transformation. In doing so, they illustrate the various ways in which hegemonic masculine approaches, peace journalism, and robust non-military and military approaches manage to reduce organised violence. Finally, the Research Handbook tracks the different phases of the conflict process, from the onset and escalation of conflict to conflict relapse. Confronting the vicious cycle of organised violence, this rigorous and multi-faceted study of conflict prevention provides an impetus towards understanding the field and inspiring solutions. In-depth and comprehensive, this Research Handbook will be of great benefit to scholars of conflict and international relations, human rights, terrorism and security, as well as practitioners and policymakers in the field"--

Intro -- Language Policy and Conflict Prevention -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Notes on Contributors -- Part 1: Language, Integration of Societies and Conflict Prevention -- 1 Introduction: Shaping Language Policies to Promote Stability -- 2 The HCNM Approach to the Promotion of the State/Official Language in Various OSCE Participating States -- 3 To Speak or Not to Speak: Minority Languages, the Public Administration and the Enforcement of Linguistic Requirements -- 4 Mind Your Own Business: The Oslo Recommendations and the Linguistic Rights of National Minorities in Economic Life -- 5 The Intersection of Language and Religion in the Context of National Minorities -- 6 HCNM Recommendations on the Use of Minority Languages in the Broadcast Media as a Baseline for Context-specific Advice to Participating States -- 7 The HCNM Impact on Minority and State Language Promotion and on the Social Integration of Diverse Societies Through Education: The cases of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan -- Part 2: Language Rights and Evolving Standards and Practice -- 8 Continued Relevance of an 'Oslo' Language Policy in a Changing World -- 9 'The Borders of My Language Mean the Borders of My World'. Language Rights and Their Evolving Significance for Minority Rights and Integration of Societies -- 10 Language Rights in the Work of the Advisory Committee -- 11 The Right to Display Place Names in Regional or Minority Languages within the Council of Europe Legal Framework -- 12 Protection of Linguistic Rights of Linguistic Minorities in the UN Context -- 13 Language Rights and the Work of the European Union -- 14 'Taking Oslo Online': Minority Language Policy & the Internet -- 15 Language Rights and Duties for New Minorities: Integration through Diversity Governance -- Appendix -- Index

This article focuses on the potential applications of conflict prevention in cases of relatively 'new' or 'latent' disputes. It discusses existing obstacles to conflict prevention and describes lessons governments could learn from past attempts to preclude violence. An overview of lessons learned from preventive diplomacy is presented, including: (1) act at an early stage; (2) be swift and decisive; (3) use talented, influential international diplomats who command local respect; (4) build local networks that address the various drivers of the conflict, but avoid obvious favouritism and imbalances; (5) use credible threat of the use of force or other penalties, such as sanctions, if necessary to deter actors from using violence; and (6) neutralize potential external supporters of one side or the other, such as neighbouring countries with kin groups in a conflict.

Introduction : why examine subregional sources and dynamics of conflict / Chandra Lekha Sriram and Zoe Nielsen -- Understanding conflicts in the Horn of Africa / Edmond J. Keller -- Stability and change in Central Asia / Gregory Gleason -- Sources of conflict in West Africa / Comfort Ero and Jonathan Temin -- Dynamics of conflict in Central America / Chandra Lekha Sriram -- Implications for conflict prevention / Zoe Nielsen